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Zero Touch Provisioning for Azure IoT Hub using the Device Provisioning Service without the Azure IoT C SDK

Somehow the power consumption is too high after trying to break down the connection.

Hi, everyone,

I am trying to query the ICCID with the "uCellInfoGetIccidStr" function. But I get one character at the end of the number too many. what could be the problem?
bytesRead = uCellInfoGetIccidStr(networkHandle, ICCID_buffer, sizeof(ICCID_buffer));

here is the representation of the portal of my provider

and here what the modem outputs

Integrate HTTP features into the API.

Hi,
I have been waiting for this official repo to come true and now it's here! Great!
However, i don't see any plans for the NINA-B2, is it intentional?

Hi,

I'm using Zephyr with porting layer of ubxlib and all the HALs and Drivers.
Currently, I'm working on SARA-R500S-00B bringup.
I had a success and everything was working normal except the shutdown procedure. So basically the cell shutdown method was never returning. Once I did more investigation, I figured that the modem never send a message to ACK the request. Now the problem has become worse. Right after we finish initialization and try to see if the modem is alive, as soon as we send the first command, we start to get response of 07E and it never stops. This is very likely to not be ublox related, but I was wondering if a team had any similar experiences.
Our HW platform currently is Ublox.
Thank you

Hey, I'm using the SARA-R510M8S and wanted to know if there was any way I could use AssistNow Online to assist the GPS chip? I've got CellLocate working but I'd like to get continual information from the GPS chip (or if there's another way to jump-start the GPS chip and just keep it on from there, please let me know).

Thanks!

the following structure is ...
iot device: ESP32 with sara-r412m 02b
network connection is established via the provider 1nce.com.
There is a vpn tunnel between 1nce and my server.
the vpn ip address of the server is used in the iot device.

I have another device based on pycom fipy. There a connection to the mqtt is successfully established by itself. Therefore I rule out an error on my server side.
mqtt_connection_failed.txt

Hi

its not a bug but a possible improvement in the module power up sequence.

I think it is not necessary to check if the module is alive if the Vint pin is assigned and returns a OFF_STATE.
Otherwise moduleIsAlive() will run into a timeout in any case. This delays the power on by 5 seconds in the case of the SARA-R510.

This has an influence especially if the module is not switched on permanently and changes to PSM between transmissions.

here the mentioned condition:

if (((pInstance->pinVInt >= 0) &&
(uPortGpioGet(pInstance->pinVInt) == U_CELL_VINT_PIN_ON_STATE)) ||
(moduleIsAlive(pInstance, 1) == 0)) {

Bring in and up-vote your favorite features!

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Hi there,

In our prototyping with SARAR410 modules, we have very good progress in soldering these boards, but I am still having issues with the software. So going back to the basics, I am running your lte-cfg example on ESP-IDF 4.2, using ESP32 feather board connected to Sparkfun shield(as a break-out board for SARA R410M_02B-01) with a hologram Simcard. ESP32 is connected to SARA shield Serial port with four pins; GND, V_REF(3.3 from ESP32 reaches Sparkfun shield level shifter), and of course RX and TX pins.

The ESP-IDF prompt, for example 9 (lte-cfg) starts printing;
U_CELL: initialising with enable power pin not connected, PWR_ON pin not connected and VInt pin not connected.
AT
...
And In the end, the errors I get in the prompt terminal are;

Added network with handle -7.
This module does not support setting an MNO profile.
unable to read bandmask!
Bringing up the network...
Unable to bring up the network!
Done.
D:/UBLOX/ubxlib/example/cell/lte_cfg/lte_cfg_main.c:455:exampleCellLteCfg:FAIL:Function [example]. Expression Evaluated To FALSE
Test ran in 6645ms

I am not sure why it is not able to read bandmask or MNO profile is not supported on R410M_02B.

My simcard, hologram, is MNO agnostic but reading about MNO settings in AT command datasheet for the United States, I set the MNO to 2 or 5 for AT&T and TMobile respectively and APN to "phone" or "hologram" or a few other values mentioned for Tmobile in u_cell_apn_db.h like "fast.tmobile.com" , but I get the same error. Any suggestions?

Things I modify in ubxlib library files;

define MY_MNO_PROFILE 2 //i.e. AT&T, I tried 0 and 5 too
define U_CFG_TEST_CELL_MODULE_TYPE U_CELL_MODULE_TYPE_SARA_R410M_02B
ifdef U_CFG_TEST_CELL_MODULE_TYPE
static const uNetworkConfigurationCell_t gConfigCell = {U_NETWORK_TYPE_CELL,
U_CFG_TEST_CELL_MODULE_TYPE,
NULL, /* SIM pin /
"phone", / APN: NULL to accept default.
240,

define U_CFG_APP_CELL_UART 1
define U_CFG_APP_PIN_CELL_TXD 17
define U_CFG_APP_PIN_CELL_RXD 16

Btw, in the Hologram Dashboard website, sometimes it says the Simcard was connected so the late connection is probably related to MNO, RAT, and CATM1 settings...
Also, my goal is to send camera photos with this board, so I need to set it to CAT_M1 instead of NB_IOT, right?
I will try this @RobMeades comment that might accelerate the connection if it is delayed by NB_IOT;
#25 (comment)

Thanks,
Mohsen

Hi, I have the following output when using the example?

Run u-blox modules on a Linux or Windows host with ubxlib

Hi, Rob,

I have completed the ubxlib build (issue: #3), but unable to run it on C030-R510M8S application development board. I have installed the USB ST-Link driver (https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-utilities/stsw-link009.html) but did not help. I believe you have the same board, how did configure/install the ST-LINK? Please assists, thanks.

I have provided multiple screenshots for your reference:

Regards,
Chin

Many MCU UARTs can detect a 'break condition' where the Rx line is held low for longer than a frame period. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_asynchronous_receiver-transmitter#Break_condition

Our cellular modules will perform this break condition when going into PSM and shutting down.

I believe ESP32, nRF52 and STM32 MCUs support a break interrupt. We should investigate how we could use this break condition to detect PSM and power down states, for when V_INT monitoring is not possible, or +UPSMR: 1 URC is not implemented.

https://www.u-blox.com/en/product/cloudlocate

Hi everyone.
I recently got "no network service" during registration.

So far as I can tell, importing the STM32 project only seems to grab the Unity project, following the procedures from the previous directory.

What I did (which I think matches the guides) was to:

1. Grab the build package for STM32F series as linked, version 1.25
2. Create a directory and clone ubxlib into it
3. Copy the build package into the same folder, renaming it STM32Cube_FW_F4
4. Open STM32CubeIde, using the same directory as ubxlib and tools as the workspace. Then import the runner project (only project available)
5. Click "RUN"

This then fails since Unity isn't installed. Examining the sources, only the Unity running is included in the project as a "main" file.

Hello all
We are using cell sockets to resolve the address of a host. However, with the current master branch this fails. The reason seems to be in uWifiSockInit() line 474 in u_sock.c. This function is also called when only cell sockets are used. In this case the call fails with error code -5.

If I comment out the line, everything works as before.
Is there any other way I can work around this problem?

Does anyone have an example of how I can reach an NTP service via socket?

Hi,

sometimes the connection is not successfully established, so that the module no longer works.

Unfortunately I don't use the following options:
U_CFG_APP_PIN_CELL_ENABLE_POWER
U_CFG_APP_PIN_CELL_RESET
U_CFG_APP_PIN_CELL_VINT

What other option is there to reset the module via software?

We are considering using ubxlib with a cellular modem and will not need WiFi or BLE features.
Unfortunately, there are some calls to the BLE layer in the common library, specifically in the network component.
The socket layer will presumably have the same issue with WiFi once that is implemented.

Do you intend to add compile time options to disable support for certain device classes or devices? That would allow us to reduce the amount of flash memory required for ubxlib.

I have had in mind a cellular API for a long time and it has been a real pleasure to find this library. Thank you very much for your amazing work.

Are you planning to include the "direct link" mode in the library?

In order to obtain the maximum throughput of the modem, I was thinking myself in migrating from AT commands to write/read to "direct link" mode. It's a pity because I would also like to migrate to your lib implementation. Is there a reason it is not implemented?

Offer a very simple location API, providing a means to establish position using any u-blox module, potentially in conjunction with cloud services.

What could be the reason for the fact that the connection is unable to disconnect?

U_CELL_MQTT: trying to disconnect...
AT+UMQTTC=0

+UMQTTC: 0,1

OK
Taking down network...
AT+COPS?

+COPS: 0,0,"262 01 1nce.net",9

OK
AT+CFUN=4

OK
AT+CREG?

+CREG: 2,3

OK
0: Deny
AT+CGREG?

+CGREG: 2,4

OK
0: OoC
AT+CEREG?

+CEREG: 4,5,"DAD9","10","22A9B06",B,,,"00000000","01100000"

OK
0: RegR
AT+CREG?

+CREG: 2,3

OK
0: Deny
AT+CGREG?

+CGREG: 2,4

OK
0: OoC
AT+CEREG?

+CEREG: 4,5,"DAD9","10","22A9B06",B,,,"00000000","01100000"

OK
0: RegR
AT+CREG?

+CREG: 2,3

OK
0: Deny
AT+CGREG?

+CGREG: 2,4

OK
0: OoC
AT+CEREG?

+CEREG: 4,5,"DAD9","10","22A9B06",B,,,"00000000","01100000"

OK
0: RegR
AT+CREG?

+CREG: 2,3

OK
0: Deny
AT+CGREG?

+CGREG: 2,4

OK
0: OoC
AT+CEREG?

+CEREG: 4,5,"DAD9","10","22A9B06",B,,,"00000000","01100000"

OK
0: RegR
AT+CREG?

+CREG: 2,3

OK
0: Deny
AT+CGREG?

+CGREG: 2,4

OK
0: OoC
AT+CEREG?

+CEREG: 4,5,"DAD9","10","22A9B06",B,,,"00000000","01100000"

OK
0: RegR
AT+CREG?

+CREG: 2,3

OK
0: Deny
AT+CGREG?

+CGREG: 2,4

OK
0: OoC
AT+CEREG?

+CEREG: 4,5,"DAD9","10","22A9B06",B,,,"00000000","01100000"

OK
0: RegR
AT+CREG?

+CREG: 2,3

OK
0: Deny
AT+CGREG?

+CGREG: 2,4

OK
0: OoC
AT+CEREG?

+CEREG: 4,5,"DAD9","10","22A9B06",B,,,"00000000","01100000"

OK
0: RegR
AT+CREG?

+CREG: 2,3

OK
0: Deny
AT+CGREG?

+CGREG: 2,4

OK
0: OoC
AT+CEREG?

+CEREG: 4,5,"DAD9","10","22A9B06",B,,,"00000000","01100000"

OK
0: RegR
AT+CREG?

+CREG: 2,3

OK
0: Deny
AT+CGREG?

+CGREG: 2,4

OK
0: OoC
AT+CEREG?

+CEREG: 4,5,"DAD9","10","22A9B06",B,,,"00000000","01100000"

OK
0: RegR
AT+CREG?

+CREG: 2,3

OK
0: Deny
AT+CGREG?

+CGREG: 2,4

OK
0: OoC
AT+CEREG?

+CEREG: 4,5,"DAD9","10","22A9B06",B,,,"00000000","01100000"

OK
0: RegR
U_CELL_NET: unable to disconnect.

The GNSS module provides a mechanism to poll the GNSS for its current location and to get a call back when the that location has been received. However it does not seem to support a mechanism to process and store points if they are being sent by the GNSS not as a response to a poll. This would be a helpful feature!

So I've just gotten started using the MQTT client on the ESP32 with the SARA-R510M8S and I seem to be running into 'memory full' issues on the radio. This causes incoming messages to be delayed, and sometimes causes outgoing messages to fail. For reference, I'm using MQTT over TLS to try to connect to AWS IoT.

I'm not doing anything else with the radio (I was calling uGnssPosGet over and over in another thread to get a constant position, which is my end goal, but even commenting that out and just triggering this publish to occur over the command line with dummy data still causes this issue).

Any thoughts on what might be the issue / what might fix it? Some logs are below.
Memory full on receive:

AT+UMQTTC=9,1,0,"$aws/things/sara-tracker/shadow/update",100
>{"state":{"reported":{"gnss":{"latitude":12.345600,"longitude":-23.448000}}},"clientToken":"000001"}
OK

+UUMQTTC: 9,1

+UUMQTTC: 6,1
The broker says there are 1 message(s) unread.
I (51955) SHADOW: Published!

AT+UMQTTC=6,1

+CME ERROR: memory full
AT+UMQTTER

+UMQTTER: 13,0

OK
U_CELL_MQTT: error codes 13, 0.
AT+UMQTTC=6,1

+CME ERROR: memory full
AT+UMQTTER

+UMQTTER: 13,0

OK
U_CELL_MQTT: error codes 13, 0.
AT+UMQTTC=6,1

+CME ERROR: memory full
AT+UMQTTER

+UMQTTER: 13,0

OK
U_CELL_MQTT: error codes 13, 0.
AT+UMQTTC=6,1

+UMQTTC: 6,1,286,47,"$aws/things/sara-tracker/shadow/update/accepted",239,"{"state":{"reported":{"gnss":{"latitude":12.3456,"longitude":-23.448}}},"metadata":{"reported":{"gnss":{"latitude":{"timestamp":1639522422},"longitude":{"timestamp":1639522422}}}},"version":44,"timestamp":1639522422,"clientToken":"000001"}"

OK
I (54455) SHADOW: Got message from topic $aws/things/sara-tracker/shadow/update/accepted: {"state":{"reported":{"gnss":{"latitude":12.3456,"longitude":-23.448}}},"metadata":{"reported":{"gnss":{"latitude":{"timestamp":1639522422},"longitude":{"timestamp":1639522422}}}},"version":44,"timestamp":1639522422,"clientToken":"000001"}

Memory full on send:

AT+UMQTTC=9,1,0,"$aws/things/sara-tracker/shadow/update",100
+CME ERROR: memory full
AT+UMQTTER

+UMQTTER: 13,0

OK
U_CELL_MQTT: error codes 13, 0.
W (170145) SHADOW: Unable to publish our message "{"state":{"reported":{"gnss":{"latitude":12.345600,"longitude":-23.448000}}},"clientToken":"000006"}"!

We are using an ANNA-B112 module with u-connectXpress for BLE. We are talking to the ANNA-B112 over uart using the ublxlib (https://github.com/u-blox/ubxlib) at_client, registering callbacks through uAtClientSetUrcHandler.

The problem we are encountering is that when we issue AT commands like AT+UBTGDCS to discover all of the characteristics for a given service, there are multiple responses followed by an OK.

For example this is what the command and responses look like using extended data mode to discover all the characteristics:

---><00><17><00>DAT+UBTGDCS=0,7,65535<0D>U

<---<00>6<00>E<0D><0A>+UBTGDCS:0,8,28,9,245468008B8511E48FBD0002A5D5C51BU

<---<00>8<00>E<0D><0A>+UBTGDCS:0,11,28,12,245468108B8511E48FBD0002A5D5C51BU

<---<00>8<00>E<0D><0A>+UBTGDCS:0,14,20,15,245468118B8511E48FBD0002A5D5C51BU<00>8<00>E<0D><0A>+

<---UBTGDCS:0,17,02,18,245468028B8511E48FBD0002A5D5C51BU<00>8<00>E<0D><0A>+

<---UBTGDCS:0,19,02,20,245468038B8511E48FBD0002A5D5C51BU<00>8<00>E<0D><0A>+

<---UBTGDCS:0,21,02,22,245468048B8511E48FBD0002A5D5C51BU<00><08><00>E<0D><0A>O

<---K<0D><0A>U

At the end of each response “U”, a callback from the at_client occurs as it should.

However, it appears there is no way to know when all of the characteristics have been received (When “OK” is received), and the module doesn’t respond to any further commands until it is has finished sending all responses.

Is there a mechanism that we are missing in the at_client to know when all responses have been received, or would we have to just know there are 6 characteristics to be discovered?

I was very pleasantly surprised to discover this repo today; as a long time user of U-Blox products I've always wanted to see official drivers (and they're open source to boot!) I was also excited to see a Zephyr port. Are there any plans to upstream as an official driver for Zephyr? Lot's of folks in the Zephyr community are interested in U-Blox modems but it would be great to get the broad support this project offers.

Hello
Are there plans for a LWM2M and Coap client?

hello. I think there is a possible issue with a missing pull mode assignment for the VINT pin in "u_cell.c". If "pinEnablePower" is use the pull mode is set to "U_PORT_GPIO_PULL_MODE_NONE". If "pinEnablePower" is not used the VINT input pin will be set to "U_PORT_GPIO_PULL_MODE_PULL_UP". depending on the hardware this will lead to a misinterpretation of the input. But maybe I'm wrong.

Hey there, while evaluating ubxlib further, I came across one issue that I'd like to discuss.
Socket write calls are currently always using the binary mode, which results in a lot of delays while sending out small packets of data due to the 50ms timing requirement.

To evaluate this, I did a test where I compared the performance of ubxlib with the performance of an alternative, custom written driver and got these results:

• To send 45 bytes, ubxlib takes about 100ms
• Our custom driver only takes 14ms for the same amount of data (encoded in hex mode).

Both of these measurements where taken from the first byte of the USOWR command to the last byte of the final result code.

I'm not quite sure why the difference is so large - the modem responds with the @ sign after 14ms. I know that there is a 50ms timing in ubxlib, but the actual data is only getting sent 80ms after the initial USOWR command, which is suprising to me.

Of couse, this difference may also be partially caused by the different RTOS and MCU in the two tests, but even if you'd reduce the number of ubxlib by the unnecessary 30ms delay, we are still looking at a significant slow down here.

Therefore, I'd like to suggest integrating support for hex mode into ubxlib.
This could either be done as a manual option where all subsequent write calls would just use hex mode or some automatic mode decision depending on the payload size could be used - For larger data packets, binary mode may well be beneficial for transfer speeds.
Of course, globally enabling hex mode would also have an impact on all receive calls.

If you're interested in the details of my measurements, I could also provide the logic analyzer traces.

I was using lib 0.9.1 OK; but just rebased to master latest commit bb05f55; as I wanted to pick up some changes to the AT client.

Here is description as sent to Rob....

Progressed OK with 0.9.1 and the SMS related stuff; coded to use your at partial string write; for assembling the actual sms modem command; have already switched modem to sms text mode via other sequences. Then saw this API was not in your latest 0.9.1 release; so I have tried to move to your latest commit on master and this breaks my build.

Break is in initialisation code where uPortQueueCreate() is called; faulting in the k_msq_alloc_init() heap allocation. Working back from this checking where heap stuff is init'ed I see you have some kind of kludge in u_port_os.c and have called k_thread_system_pool_assign().

The heap that is trying to be used later is (0xAAAAAAAA random unitialised).

But what if that initialisation is not called from z_main_thread; which in my case it is not. In my test harness I am calling your init functions from my debug console shell. You added kludge for main thread; but is this zephyr bug you mention the same for all threads; the current thread resource_pool is for me not initialised (0xAAAAAAAA).

Just looking if I can just cherry pick your changes for the uAtClientWritePartialString(); but if I can then I will probably only be bitten by the same issue later.

Any suggestions to progress?

To send a message, I would like to put it together from several parts in advance.
On the one hand I have a file where I saved certain sensor values and on the other hand I would like to add the ICCID and the transmission power of the antenna.

Do you perhaps have an example of how I best concatenate a string?

this is what i use so far

Is there potential for there to be separate C++ classes for easier organizing of code?

Integrate power saving features into the API.

I have the SARA-R412M 02B module, more precisely "LTE IoT 6 click" in connection with the ESP32 MCU. In the beginning everything worked great. Later I used a new SIM card, which was recognized in the system but did not get a connection to the network.
Then I exchanged the SIM card again, initially the card worked again, but after several attempts to dial in, I can no longer get a connection with this card either.
failed.txt
successful.txt

Does anyone have an idea why this might be?

Hello @RobMeades .

I use an ESP32 with the ESP-IDF library and try again to establish a connection to the mqtt service.
And I get the following error message as shown in the picture.
But what I noticed is that if I use an earlier version of ubxlib, is the error not ther

e?

Is there a porting guide on how to include/build ubxlib for a new MCU?

I'm imagining something similar to the drivers of STM (https://github.com/STMicroelectronics/STMems_Standard_C_drivers), where you exactly know which files you need to include and which functions you need to provide in order for the driver to work.

Best,
Trembel

Hi Rob/Andreas,

I am using Sara with GNSS; I see your GNSS library code does not use the in built features of the SARA with regards to off-loading work from our CPU to the Sara; I think the Sara supports commands where you just say give me a GNSS location every x seconds; this is done with just a single AT command; after which Sara just starts streaming results as and when.

Looking at the 0.9.1 libraries it looks like various mutex's are created and a task spawned to go and get the GNSS. Are you looking at a feature to use the Sara to do the work for us rather that push the work onto our host processor?

All the best,
Owain

Hi Rob,

So recently, I was able to upload runner to Adafruit ESP32 feather board successfully;
https://github.com/u-blox/ubxlib/tree/master/port/platform/esp-idf/mcu/esp32/runner

And I connected its GPIO16 and GPIO17 as RX and TX to Sarar4 breakout board(Sparkfun shield);
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/lte-cat-m1nb-iot-shield-hookup-guide/all

I get the following error when running ExampleSockets(first choice);
idf.py -p COM5 -D TEST_COMPONENTS="ubxlib_runner" flash monitor

Running ExampleSocket... by clicking "1"
Added network with handle -5
Bringing up the network...
Unable to bring up network!
Done.

I modified the server part in example >sockets> main.c to the following;

// Echo server URL and port number
#define MY_SERVER_NAME "www.google.com"
#define MY_SERVER_PORT 80

Also, how can I register operator and APN in this example?

Here is how I was able to set APN and operator in Sparkfun;
https://github.com/sparkfun/SparkFun_LTE_Shield_Arduino_Library/blob/master/examples/00_Register_Operator/00_Register_Operator.ino

Details:
Btw, I tested Sparkfun and hologram Simcard; Hardware works, and I was able to run their Arduino codes, like sending SMS or registering AT&T network...; These are easy Arduino examples you might like to include in your Arduino Platform...;
https://github.com/sparkfun/SparkFun_LTE_Shield_Arduino_Library/tree/master/examples

Then I disconnected the Arduino board from Sparkfun lte shield and connected 4 pins RX,TX,VCC, and ground from ESP32 feather to the late shield and I run the runner in IDF, which did not work as I explained.

My u_cfg_app_platform_specific.h configuration in folder ...ubxlib\port\platform\esp-idf\mcu\esp32\cfg:

what I did is just connect rx and tx as gpio 16 and 17 from ESP feather board uart2 to sparkfun lte shield;
define U_CFG_APP_PIN_CELL_TXD 17
define U_CFG_APP_PIN_CELL_RXD 16

Also, it looks like below, I set "cell uart" to 1, but I guess I should set it to -1 like other pins, too? not sure what it does...
define U_CFG_APP_CELL_UART 1

Thanks,
MoZen

https://www.u-blox.com/en/product/celllocate

Hi There,

Thank you so much for your codes for ESP32 MCU in ESP-IDF, I have lots of ESP camera boards and a Hologram Nova that has Sara-R410 and I want to connect ESP32 to it.
But the problem is all of my previous application codings are in Arduino IDE as most ESP32 codes are written in Arduino IDE!
So would you please modify your code so that we be able to use ubxlib library in Arduino IDE platform instead of IDF, like what Sparkfun people did?

Thank you so much!

I have the problem that when I publish a message, four always arrive?
the next time i send, there are already 8 in the queue
Rabbitmq broker (MQTT)

Hi
Shouldn't be AT+CMEE=1 (numeric) instead of AT+CMEE=2 (verbose) in the module configuration?
Otherwise uAtClientDeviceErrorGet() returns a struct where member "code" cannot be assigned correctly and always has the value 0. On the other hand, verbose mode is of course more helpful for debugging.

Hi

Shouldn't U_CELL_NET_RAT_NB1 be added to the SARA_R5 RATs since the 01B version supports it?
Or a new module type for the SARA-R510S-01B version?

regards

Support for the https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8613

Setting the bands to scan on for cellular modules can be a pain, what with the 2^ nonsense....
Having a simple API for this would make it easy for customers.

Something like celEnableBands(x) and celDisableBands(y), with parameters that can extend, like celEnableBands(x, y, z, a, b, c);

Probably need a celClearBands() function to, to start fresh.
Topic for discussion.