This code provides an Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) implementation for static and dynamic data analytics problems. It provides a case study of IoT anomaly detection using many ML algorithms and optimization/AutoML methods (for automating and optimizing ML algorithms). It involves the automation of all important procedures in the machine learning/data analytics pipeline, including automated data pre-processing, automated feature engineering, automated model selection, Hyper-Parameter Optimization (HPO), and automated model updating (model drift adaptation). It can also be used as a tutorial to help machine learning researchers to automatically obtain optimized machine learning models with the optimal learning performance on any specific task.

• Batch/Static Learning: Batch learning is the traditional machine learning and data analytics process. Batch learning methods analyze static IoT data in batches and often need access to the entire dataset prior to model training.
• Online/Continual learning: Online learning or continual learning techniques are able to train models using continuously incoming online data streams in dynamic IoT environments and address concept drift issues (data distribution changes).

This code is also the implementation of a review paper published in Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IF: 7.8):
L. Yang and A. Shami, “IoT Data Analytics in Dynamic Environments: From An Automated Machine Learning Perspective,” Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 116, pp. 1-33, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2022.105366.

This paper and code will help industrial users, data analysts, and researchers to better develop machine learning models using automation technology.

• A comprehensive hyperparameter optimization (automatically tuning the hyperparameters of machine learning algorithms to achieve optimal performance) tutorial code can be found in: Hyperparameter-Optimization-of-Machine-Learning-Algorithms
  • 1,200+ GitHub stars
  • 1,500+ citations by journal & conference papers

IoT Data Analytics in Dynamic Environments: From An Automated Machine Learning Perspective
One-column version: arXiv
Two-column version: Elsevier

1. Automated Data Pre-Processing
2. Automated Feature Engineering
3. Automated Model Selection
4. Hyper-Parameter Optimization
5. Automated Model Updating (for addressing concept drift, and only for online learning and data stream analytics)

Section 3: IoT data analytics overview
Section 3: Model learning (introduce all common machine learning algorithms)
Section 4: AutoML overview & optimization techniques (introduce what is AutoML and its techniques)
Section 5: Automated data pre-processing
Section 6: Automated feature engineering
Section 7: Automated model updating by handling concept drift
Section 8: Selection of evaluation metrics and validation methods
Section 9: AutoML Tools and libraries
Section 10: Case study (Experimental results, sample code in "AutoML_Batch_Learning_CIC.ipynb")
Section 11: Open challenges and future research directions
Summary table for Sections 3: Table 1 & 2: A comprehensive overview of common ML models, their hyperparameters, their advantages and limitations, and suitable IoT tasks
Summary table for Sections 4: Table 3: The comparison of common optimization methods for CASH and HPO problems
Summary table for Sections 7: Table 5: The comparison of concept drift methods for automated model updating
Summary table for Sections 10: Table 6: The specifications of the proposed AutoML pipeline
Summary table for Sections 11: Table 12: The challenges and research directions of applying AutoML to IoT data analytics

• The AutoML implementation for static/batch data analytics can be found in AutoML_Batch_Learning_Dataset_1.ipynb and AutoML_Batch_Learning_Dataset2.ipynb

• The AutoML implementation for dynamic/online data stream analytics can be found in AutoML_Online_Learning_Dataset_1.ipynb and AutoML_Online_Learning_Dataset2.ipynb

• Random forest (RF)
• LightGBM
• K-nearest neighbor (KNN)
• Naive Bayes (NB)
• Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)

• Hoeffding Tree (HT)
• Leveraging Bagging (LB)
• Adaptive Random Forest (ARF)
• Streaming Random Patches (SRP)

• Grid search
• Bayesian Optimization with Tree-structured Parzen Estimator (BO-TPE)
• Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)

1. CICIDS2017 dataset, a popular network traffic dataset for intrusion detection problems

   • Publicly available at: https://www.unb.ca/cic/datasets/ids-2017.html

2. IoTID20 dataset, a novel IoT botnet dataset

   • Publicly available at: https://sites.google.com/view/iot-network-intrusion-dataset/home

• Python 3.6+
• Keras
• scikit-learn
• hyperopt
• optunity
• LightGBM
• River

Please feel free to contact me for any questions or cooperation opportunities. I'd be happy to help.

• Email: [email protected]
• GitHub: LiYangHart and Western OC2 Lab
• LinkedIn: Li Yang
• Google Scholar: Li Yang and OC2 Lab

If you find this repository useful in your research, please cite this article as:

L. Yang and A. Shami, “IoT Data Analytics in Dynamic Environments: From An Automated Machine Learning Perspective,” Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 116, pp. 1-33, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2022.105366.

@article{YANG2022105366,
title = "IoT data analytics in dynamic environments: From an automated machine learning perspective",
author = "Li Yang and Abdallah Shami",
journal = "Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence",
volume = {116},
pages = {1-33},
year = "2022",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2022.105366",
url = "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952197622003803"
}