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gtest-parallel's Introduction

gtest-parallel

This is not an official Google product.

gtest-parallel is a script that executes Google Test binaries in parallel, providing good speedup for single-threaded tests (on multi-core machines) and tests that do not run at 100% CPU (on single- or multi-core machines).

The script works by listing the tests of each binary, and then executing them on workers in separate processes. This works fine so long as the tests are self contained and do not share resources (reading data is fine, writing to the same log file is probably not).

Basic Usage

For a full list of options, see --help.

$ ./gtest-parallel path/to/binary...

This shards all enabled tests across a number of workers, defaulting to the number of cores in the system. If your system uses Python 2, but you have no python2 binary, run python gtest-parallel instead of ./gtest-parallel.

To run only a select set of tests, run:

$ ./gtest-parallel path/to/binary... --gtest_filter=Foo.*:Bar.*

This filter takes the same parameters as Google Test, so -Foo.* can be used for test exclusion as well. This is especially useful for slow tests (that you're not working on), or tests that may not be able to run in parallel.

Flakiness

Flaky tests (tests that do not deterministically pass or fail) often cause a lot of developer headache. A test that fails only 1% of the time can be very hard to detect as flaky, and even harder to convince yourself of having fixed.

gtest-parallel supports repeating individual tests (--repeat=), which can be very useful for flakiness testing. Some tests are also more flaky under high loads (especially tests that use realtime clocks), so raising the number of --workers= well above the number of available core can often cause contention and be fruitful for detecting flaky tests as well.

$ ./gtest-parallel out/{binary1,binary2,binary3} --repeat=1000 --workers=128

The above command repeats all tests inside binary1, binary2 and binary3 located in out/. The tests are run 1000 times each on 128 workers (this is more than I have cores on my machine anyways). This can often be done and then left overnight if you've no initial guess to which tests are flaky and which ones aren't. When you've figured out which tests are flaky (and want to fix them), repeat the above command with --gtest_filter= to only retry the flaky tests that you are fixing.

Note that repeated tests do run concurrently with themselves for efficiency, and as such they have problem writing to hard-coded files, even if they are only used by that single test. tmpfile() and similar library functions are often your friends here.

Flakiness Summaries

Especially for disabled tests, you might wonder how stable a test seems before trying to enable it. gtest-parallel prints summaries (number of passed/failed tests) when --repeat= is used and at least one test fails. This can be used to generate passed/failed statistics per test. If no statistics are generated then all invocations tests are passing, congratulations!

For example, to try all disabled tests and see how stable they are:

$ ./gtest-parallel path/to/binary... -r1000 --gtest_filter=*.DISABLED_* --gtest_also_run_disabled_tests

Which will generate something like this at the end of the run:

SUMMARY:
  path/to/binary... Foo.DISABLED_Bar passed 0 / 1000 times.
  path/to/binary... FooBar.DISABLED_Baz passed 30 / 1000 times.
  path/to/binary... Foo.DISABLED_Baz passed 1000 / 1000 times.

Running Tests Within Test Cases Sequentially

Sometimes tests within a single test case use globally-shared resources (hard-coded file paths, sockets, etc.) and cannot be run in parallel. Running such tests in parallel will either fail or be flaky (if they happen to not overlap during execution, they pass). So long as these resources are only shared within the same test case gtest-parallel can still provide some parallelism.

For such binaries where test cases are independent, gtest-parallel provides --serialize_test_cases that runs tests within the same test case sequentially. While generally not providing as much speedup as fully parallel test execution, this permits such binaries to partially benefit from parallel execution.

gtest-parallel's People

Contributors

bbannier avatar bc-lee avatar davidbienvenu avatar ehlemur-zz avatar jay-zhuang avatar jleconte2 avatar kshithijiyer avatar kuzkry avatar kwiberg avatar momcilo42 avatar pbos avatar stefanholmer avatar tchaikov avatar vitaliy505 avatar volo-zyko avatar

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gtest-parallel's Issues

Feature request: add flag to stop repetitions at first failure.

Rationale: when tracking flaky tests, --repeat is useful, but may be wasteful (especially in continuous integration). In most cases, it would be enough to stop at first failure.

May we add a flag to have this behavior, e.g. --stop-repeat-after-failure?

Support per-test case timeout?

Currently timeout is global. When timeout is reached, all running test cases are marked as "interrupted", and they are reported as FAILED TESTS.

These reported failed cases may not make sense, because these tests could finish quickly. They were just not started at the right moment -- they don't have enough time quota to finish until reaching the global time limit.

It may be better to implement a per-test-case timeout instead.

Add support for running tests in a pty

Hi,

Some software behaves differently in a TTY vs not. gtest-parallel makes the tests think they are not running interactively. It would be neat to add a mode to spawn a pty for each test.

I have a patch that I wrote, but it is probably not in a place to be merged. When I run it, sometimes I have issues with my terminal after. I'm not sure if I need to change modes with the tty module or something.

Here is the patch for your consideration. Feel free to take it as-is or modify it to your needs or completely ignore it.

commit 35514e9cd340153fcba481d66b6d073da42fd64f (HEAD -> master)
Author: Max Bernstein <[email protected]>
Date:   Tue May 31 01:43:18 2022 -0700

    Add --pty option
    
    If --pty is given, run each test with a pty.

diff --git a/gtest_parallel.py b/gtest_parallel.py
index d682dbe..185d8c7 100755
--- a/gtest_parallel.py
+++ b/gtest_parallel.py
@@ -167,6 +167,11 @@ def get_save_file_path():
     return os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'), '.gtest-parallel-times')
 
 
+def with_pty(command):
+    return [sys.executable, '-c', 'import pty, sys; pty.spawn(sys.argv[1:])',
+            *command]
+
+
 @total_ordering
 class Task(object):
   """Stores information about a task (single execution of a test).
@@ -180,13 +185,17 @@ class Task(object):
   """
 
   def __init__(self, test_binary, test_name, test_command, execution_number,
-               last_execution_time, output_dir):
+               last_execution_time, output_dir, pty):
     self.test_name = test_name
     self.output_dir = output_dir
     self.test_binary = test_binary
-    self.test_command = test_command
+    if pty:
+        self.test_command = test_command
+    else:
+        self.test_command = with_pty(test_command)
     self.execution_number = execution_number
     self.last_execution_time = last_execution_time
+    self.pty = pty
 
     self.exit_code = None
     self.runtime_ms = None
@@ -643,7 +652,7 @@ def find_tests(binaries, additional_args, options, times):
         for execution_number in range(options.repeat):
           tasks.append(
               Task(test_binary, test_name, test_command, execution_number + 1,
-                   last_execution_time, options.output_dir))
+                   last_execution_time, options.output_dir, options.pty))
 
       test_count += 1
 
@@ -780,6 +789,10 @@ def default_options_parser():
                     default=False,
                     help='Do not run tests from the same test '
                     'case in parallel.')
+  parser.add_option('--pty',
+                    action='store_true',
+                    default=False,
+                    help='Give each test a pty.')
   return parser

Cheers,
Max

The reported test duration is wrong when timed out

Suppose we have timeout = 5s, and the following timeline:

0s: Started test1, test2, test3
1s: Running
2s: Running
3s: test1, test2, test3 finished, start test4, test 5
4s: Running
5s: Timedout
6s: test4 and test5 finished

In this case, gtest-parallel incorrectly prints test4 and test5 to have running time for 5s. Their correct running time is 3s.

python gtest_parallel.py --help doesn't do anything

This looks like a very useful utility but unfortunately I could not get it to work. I cloned the code and tried invoking the script both via 'python gtest_parallel.py` and via the script and nothing happens : no output, no error, nothing. I tried with and without arguments, same results. I tried this on a Mac (10.12.6) with Python 2.7.10 and Windows 10 with Ptyhon 2.7.8.

Multiple parallel invocations of gtest-parallel can fail(!)

We noticed in our build system when upgrading to a new version of gtest-parallel that the --output_dir handling results in this kind of error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/opt/bb/bin/gtest-parallel.py", line 18, in <module>
    sys.exit(gtest_parallel.main())
  File "/opt/bb/bin/gtest_parallel.py", line 745, in main
    logger.move_to('passed', task_manager.passed)
  File "/opt/bb/bin/gtest_parallel.py", line 294, in move_to
    os.makedirs(destination_dir)
  File "/opt/bb/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 157, in makedirs
    mkdir(name, mode)
OSError: [Errno 17] File exists: '/tmp/gtest-parallel-logs/passed'

Regardless of this particular bug, invoking gtest-parallel now leaves stuff around in the temporary directory forever (until that dir is cleaned).

This didn't seem to be an issue in older versions of gtest-parallel.

I took a look at the source, and couldn't see a very straightforward way to disable the output dir logging - is it critical to the functionality of the latest version? If so, perhaps we should consider making --output_dir default to None, and in such case using a proper generated temporary directory by default which is then cleaned up on exit.

Thoughts?

Thanks

It hangs on ubuntu

I am running on Ubuntu 20.04. The main python process seems to hang there waiting for some signals. see my process below, I can see all the 7 tests finished correctly, I can see their log in the log folder. However, see below

0  1000  128529  119191  20   0 614472 13988 futex_ Sl+  pts/1      0:00 python ../ext/gtest-parallel/gtest_parallel.py --output_dir=. ./distr/syb-test
0  1000  128539  128529  20   0      0     0 -      Zl+  pts/1      0:02 [test] <defunct>
0  1000  128540  128529  20   0      0     0 -      Zl+  pts/1      0:03 [test] <defunct>
0  1000  128541  128529  20   0      0     0 -      Zl+  pts/1      0:04 [test] <defunct>
0  1000  128543  128529  20   0      0     0 -      Zl+  pts/1      0:04 [test] <defunct>
0  1000  128544  128529  20   0      0     0 -      Zl+  pts/1      0:00 [test] <defunct>
0  1000  128545  128529  20   0      0     0 -      Zl+  pts/1      0:02 [test] <defunct>
0  1000  128546  128529  20   0      0     0 -      Zl+  pts/1      0:00 [test] <defunct>

128529 is the main process id and those associated processes hang there.

How to debug this?

Add a mechanism for avoiding removing non-gtest-parallel data in output_dir

Currently, if a user sets --output_dir=/path/to/important/data, gtest-parallel will clear that out from any files to remove files from old test runs.

Some different solutions would be:
1: Warn if the directory exists, but does not contain a .gtest-parallel-logs file (that we would start saving). This would be a bad upgrade path for existing directories, since it would require user intervention.
2: Log to gtest-parallel/ subdirectory, and remove logs from in here. This would change the --output_dir default to /tmp instead of /tmp/gtest-parallel, which would then be joined into /tmp/gtest-parallel in the end. This heuristic would only fail if a user does --output_dir=path/to/git-dir when it contains gtest-parallel, which I think we can ignore.
3: We could also call this subdirectory in 2 gtest-parallel-logs, which should never overlap.
4: Only remove *.log, but eew.
5: Refuse to log to any directories that contain non-*.log files. Also eew.

I don't like 1, because if you run it once to /path/to/important/data, select "ok", and then run it again, we nuke important data anyways. I think I like 2 or 3 best, not sure which. Both these solutions require that users know that we log to a subdirectory. Though given that we do passed/, failed/ and interrupted subdirectories already this might be OK, but it depends on if users are scripting against known subdirectories. @ehlemur, do you make use of how subdirectories under --output_dir are organized?

Feature: Consider adding batching

When tests have a large amount of overhead, and the test itself is fast, it would be nice to use batching to run multiple tests for each task.

In my use case it takes about 2+ seconds to start testing, and we have ~400 tests, each taking .4 seconds to run.

Running with 1 test per task it only results in a 2x speed up. Being able to batch to 8 tasks should give an approx 10x speedup.

I would just implement it as a parameter like --batch_size=8

Debug mode much needed as a developer to debug

There are test cases which gets failed in parallel, it gets difiicult to debug if output is suppresed on the console. We need that functionality to use it. I agree it adds bvalue as it enabled me to run tests in parallel. But giving output on screen will more or less help in debugging even if it is printing on screen at different timings due to speed of execution. It will be a pie on the cake.

Log file names generated by gtest-parallel are too long

I've been hit by this at least 2 times.

  1. Evidently, on Windows, there is a restriction of MAX_PATH (260 characters) FS path length.

  2. On encrypted partition in Ubuntu (using eCryptfs). See this comment. Since eCryptfs protects not only file's content but also file names then there is an approximate restriction of 140 characters file name length.

There probably other cases when gtest-parallel can fail writing log file due to file/path length restrictions.

Now I'm considering options for fixing these issues all at once:

  1. Make writing log files configurable and if it's disabled then write everything to console. Drawback: this will clutter the output.

  2. Restrict file/path length. It seems we discussed this previously. For example, use hash of test name as log file name. Drawback: difficult to find log files for each specific test.

  3. Try to use system extensions for writing longer file names. While this can be done on Windows it will not work for eCryptfs or any other FS without such extensions.

  4. Propose yours.

I'm in favor of option 1. Which option is acceptable for gtest-parallel?

Feature request: batching of tests

Each time my particular test executable initializes, it scans a directory tree to auto-register tests based on filenames found in that directory. This adds a non-trivial startup cost to running just a single test, and when running through gtest-parallel, this startup cost is paid thousands of times. It would be great if gtest-parallel could run tests in groups so that this startup cost could be paid only once per group.

Implementation wise, I can see 2 grades of implementation:

  1. gtest-parallel takes a number 'n' as argument and runs tests in groups of 'n'. This may have the negative effect of taking a few long tests and putting them in the same batch, resulting in a very long runtime for that batch.
  2. gtest-parallel takes a time 't' as argument and runs tests in batches whose last runtime adds up to less than 't'. The first execution of the testsuite, this argument cannot group any tests as it doesn't know runtimes. On the second execution, gtest-parallel can do a simple greedy bin-packing to put tests into batches where each batch is either a single test or is expected to run in less than 't' time. For the third (and further) executions, the grouping is messier as runtimes are now stored on groups. These groups can be aggregated further if the total runtime of multiple groups is still less than 't' (for example, if the startup cost dominated test runtime on the first execution). If a group's runtime exceeds 't' by more than some factor (10%? 50%?), that group should be dis-aggregated and run as separate tests so its components can be regrouped. Lastly, I suggest preemptive dis-aggregation of at least one group (maybe the slowest group with more than one test from the previous run), so that the groupings can further optimize over many runs.

Thanks for any feedback you have on this suggestion, including pointers on how to go about implementing this.

Edit: realized that individual test runtimes are still available after second execution.

Log files never created for long test names

Using gtest-parallel in projects with long test names (e.g. https://github.com/openvinotoolkit/openvino) I found it does not create log files in --output_dir for the tests exceed OS filename length limits. This blocks using gtest-parallel in Continuous Integration because logs are not available for issues analysis.

There was an issue tackling the similar problem but still not making logs available #57

Missing year and name of copyright owner in LICENSE file.

Apache License V2.0 requires the LICENSE to have the year and name of the copyright owner. The values are present in LICENSE file and have to be edited when applied to the projects as state in the LICENSE as shown below. I think it was missed for this project.
Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] has to be changed to Copyright 2013 Google Inc..

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