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distance calculation

关于距离度量【euclidean, pearson, spearman】的三种策略:

  • 增加
    • 增加从信息熵离散布尔的角度进行度量【JS散度 and DICE】
  • 修改
    • 修改现有euclidean距离度量为标准化euclidean距离,消除不同维度分量量纲影响
  • 删除
    • spearman相关系数其实是分量排序离散化后的pearson相关系数,但不同分量排序没有任何意义。

NOTE: 其他什么街区距离 余弦相似度等,都还是以上几种的不同延伸变种,本质设计理念和计算方式一致。

kernel function

what is kernel function?
details about kernel function
kernel function in ML
Mercer 定理:任何半正定的函数都可以作为核函数。所谓半正定的函数f(xi,xj),是指拥有训练数据集合(x1,x2,...xn),我们定义一个矩阵的元素aij = f(xi,xj),这个矩阵式n*n的,如果这个矩阵是半正定的,那么f(xi,xj)就称为半正定的函数。
请注意,这个mercer定理不是核函数必要条件,只是一个充分条件,即还有不满足mercer定理的函数也可以是核函数。所谓半正定指的就是核矩阵K的特征值均为非负。

正定矩阵与半正定矩阵
证明:协方差矩阵是半正定矩阵

dimension reduction

  • 问题:原始数据A_(mxn)(m维n个样本)经过距离度量得到相异性矩阵M_(nxn),需要对dissimilarity matrix矩阵M进行降维。
  • 现状:
    • 针对M使用PCA计算获得k个主成分,其实获得的也就是矩阵M的协方差矩阵D的前k个特征值对应的特征向量组成的矩阵P;而协方差矩阵D是对称矩阵;
    • 针对M构建graph laplacian矩阵L;然后对其进行矩阵分解

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