Packet captures & commands for DEFCON 2018 Packet Mining Workshop:
https://defcon.org/html/defcon-26/dc-26-workshops.html#porcello
Some packet capture traffic courtesy of chrissanders.org & wireshark.org:
https://github.com/chrissanders/packets
https://wiki.wireshark.org/SampleCaptures
Install mining tools:
# apt update && apt install ngrep tcpflow xplico ssldump dsniff tshark p0f pads python-html2text
Set a variable for your capture file name:
# CAPFILE=CaptureFile.pcap
Basic local capture:
# tcpdump -vvv -nn -i eth0 -w output.cap
Reading a capture:
# tcpdump -vvv -nn -r output.cap
Remote capture through ssh (Capture on remote host's eth0):
# ssh [email protected] 'sudo tcpdump -vUnni eth0 -w -' > output.cap
Show HTTP traffic on port 80:
# tcpdump -vvvAnn -i eth0 port 80
Show SMTP/POP3 traffic for specific host:
# tcpdump -vvvAnn -i eth0 'host 10.0.0.10 and port (25 or 110)'
Save filtered traffic to a new file (Example: Save only DNS traffic to a new file):
# tcpdump -r $CAPFILE -w dns-only.cap port 53
Print live web traffic to console:
# ngrep -d eth0 -W byline -q -t port 80
Grep live network traffic for "password"
# ngrep -d eth0 -q -t -i 'password'
Grep for HTTP GET/POST requests:
# ngrep -d eth0 -W byline -q -t '^(GET|POST)' port 80
Print ASCII packet data to console:
# tcpflow -c -s -r $CAPFILE
Extract all flows, objects, & files to output folder:
# mkdir tcpflow
# tcpflow -a -r $CAPFILE -o tcpflow/
Top 10 source IPs:
# tcpdump -nn -r $CAPFILE |grep " IP " | awk '{print$3}' |cut -d. -f -4 |sort |uniq -c |sort -nr |head
Top 10 destination IPs:
# tcpdump -nn -r $CAPFILE |grep " IP " | awk '{print$5}' |cut -d. -f -4 |sort |uniq -c |sort -nr |head
Top connection pairs:
# tcpdump -nn -r $CAPFILE |grep " IP " | awk '{print$3,$4,$5}' |sort |uniq -c |sort -nr |head
Top IP protocols:
# tcpdump -nn -v -r $CAPFILE |grep " IP " |awk -F, '{print$6}' |sort |uniq -c |sort -nr
Top 10 destination ports (based on SYN packets):
# tcpdump -nn -r $CAPFILE |grep " IP " |grep "Flags \[S\]" |awk '{print$5}' |cut -d. -f 5- |sort |uniq -c |sort -nr |head
Top domains:
# tcpdump -nn -r $CAPFILE port 53 | egrep " A\? " | awk '{print$8}' | egrep -io "[a-z0-9]*\.[a-z]*\.$" | sort | uniq -ic | sort -nr | head
Top subdomains:
# tcpdump -nn -r $CAPFILE port 53 | egrep " A\? " | awk '{print$8}' |sort |uniq -c |sort -nr |head
Grep for private IPs in packet data:
# ngrep -q -t -W byline -I $CAPFILE '10\.([0-9]{1,3}\.){2}[0-9]{1,3}|192\.168\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}|172\.([0-9]{1,3}\.){2}[0-9]{1,3}'
Grep for MACs in packet data:
# ngrep -q -t -W byline -I $CAPFILE '([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]:){5}([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])' not port 5353
OS/app summary via p0f:
# p0f -r $CAPFILE |egrep "^\| (os|app)" |sort |uniq
OS/app list via PADS:
# pads -v -r $CAPFILE -w assets.csv port 80
Top 10 websites:
# ngrep -I $CAPFILE -W byline -q -t '^(GET|POST)' port 80 | grep "^Host:" | sort |uniq -ic |sort -nr |head
Top 10 referrers:
# ngrep -I $CAPFILE -W byline -q -t '^(GET|POST)' port 80 | egrep "^Referer: " |sort |uniq -ic | sort -nr |head
Top 10 GET requests (URLs):
# ngrep -I $CAPFILE -W byline -q -t '^(GET )' port 80 | grep "^GET " | sort |uniq -ic | sort -nr |head
HTTP POSTs & POST data:
# ngrep -I $CAPFILE -W byline -q -t '^(POST )' port 80 | egrep "^POST|^<|^[a-z]"
URL log with timestamps:
# ngrep -I $CAPFILE -W byline -q -t '^(GET|POST)' port 80 |egrep "^T |^(GET|POST)|^Host:|^$"
Unique cookies:
# tcpflow -r $CAPFILE -c -s port 80 | grep -v "\.\." | grep "^Set-Cookie" | sort |uniq
Unique session IDs/UUIDs:
# tcpflow -r $CAPFILE -c -s port 80 | grep -v "\.\." | egrep -i "session.id|sessionid|session.token|SESSID|UUID|oauth|Authorization:" ### Add some --color if needed!
User-Agent profiling:
# ngrep -I $CAPFILE -W byline -q -t port 80 | egrep "^User-Agent: " |sort |uniq -ic | sort -nr
Extract all objects/files & decode HTML:
# tcpflow -a -r $CAPFILE -o tcpflow/
Breakdown by file type:
# find tcpflow/ |egrep -o "\.[a-zA-Z]*$" |sort |uniq -ic |sort -nr
Extracting & decoding with xplico:
# xplico -m pcap -f $CAPFILE
Search engine queries:
# ngrep -I $CAPFILE -W byline -q -t port 80 | egrep 'GET \/search\?q=' |sort |uniq
URL "keyword" strings:
# ngrep -I $CAPFILE -W byline -q -t '^(GET|POST)' port 80 | egrep "^GET |^POST |^Referer: " | egrep -o "[a-z-]*" | egrep "[a-z-]*-[a-z-]*-" | egrep -v "(^-|-$)" |sort | uniq -ic |sort -nr |head
Top words from HTML content:
# cat tcpflow/*.html |html2text | egrep -o '\w{4,}' |sort |uniq -c |sort -nr |head -n25
Email addresses with common TLDs:
# tcpflow -r $CAPFILE -c -s | egrep -i --color '\w+@[a-zA-Z_]+?\.(com|org|net|gov|mil|edu|co|biz|info)'
Email addresses with any TLD (more false positives):
# tcpflow -r $CAPFILE -c -s | egrep -i --color '\w+@[a-zA-Z_]+?\.[a-zA-Z]{2,6}'
"Dashed" phone numbers:
# tcpflow -r "$CAPFILE" -c -s port 80 | grep --color -P "\d{3}-\d{3}-\d{4}"
Dashed or dotted phone numbers (more false positives):
# tcpflow -r "$CAPFILE" -c -s port 80 | grep --color -P "\d{3}[-.]\d{3}[-.]\d{4}"
Email senders, recipients, & email subjects:
# ngrep -q -t -W byline -I $CAPFILE port 25 or port 110 |egrep "^To:|^From:|^Subject"
Email client apps & AV scanners:
# tcpflow -c -s -r $CAPFILE port 25 or port 110 |egrep -A1 "^User-Agent:|X-Antivirus" |sort -u
Extract emails to console:
# tcpflow -c -s -r $CAPFILE port 25 or port 110
Extract emails to disk:
# tcpflow -a -r $CAPFILE port 25 or port 110 -o tcpflow/
Extracting email attachments:
# tcpflow -C -0 -r $CAPFILE port 25 or port 110
# cat base64.txt | base64 -d > file.xxx
# file file.xxx ### Verify file is correct type
FTP, Telnet, SMTP, POP3, HTTP, etc:
# ngrep -I $CAPFILE -W byline -q -t | egrep --color "[Pp]assword[=:]|&[Pp]ass=|[Ss]ecret=|pwd=|^PASS|^USER |^AUTH |login:|^Authorization:"
Decoding HTTP Basic auth, SMTP, POP3 (base64):
# echo 'QWxhZGRpbjpPcGVuU2VzYW1l' | base64 -d
Finding SNMP community strings:
# tcpdump -A -nn -r $CAPFILE port 161
Credit card numbers:
# tcpflow -c -s -r $CAPFILE | grep -P --color '(6011|5[1-5]\d{2}|4\d{3}|3\d{3})[- ]\d{4}[- ]\d{4}[- ]\d{4}'
Social security numbers:
tcpflow -c -s -r $CAPFILE | grep -P --color '[ ^]([0-6]\d\d|7[0-256]\d|73[0-3]|77[0-2])[- ]\d{2}[- ]\d{4}'
DOB/License/Passport numbers:
# tcpflow -c -s -r $CAPFILE | grep -v Cookie |egrep --color 'DOB[:= ]|[Pp]assport[:= ]|[Ll]icense number'
Classified/tagged documents:
# tcpflow -c -s -r $CAPFILE | grep -v Cookie |egrep --color -i 'CONFIDENTIAL|PROTECTED|INTERNAL USE ONLY|TOP SECRET|CLASSIFIED'
SMB users, domains, & password hashes:
# tshark -nn -r $CAPFILE -V -Y tcp.port==445 |egrep "Lan Manager Response|NTLM Response|NTLMv2 Response|Domain name|User name|Host name"
SMB share & file access timeline:
# tshark -nn -r $CAPFILE -V -Y tcp.port==445 |egrep "Arrival Time: |Tree Id: |\[Account: |\[Domain: |\[Host: |NT Status: |Command: |GUID handle File: "
Carving files out of SMB traffic:
# tshark -nn -r $CAPFILE -q --export-objects smb,tmpfolder
MySQL password hashes, queries, & responses:
# tshark -nn -r $CAPFILE -V -Y tcp.port==3306 | egrep 'Username:|Password:|Statement:|text:'
MSSQL queries & responses:
# tshark -nn -r $CAPFILE -V -Y tcp.port==1433 | egrep "Query:|Data:|Data \[truncated\]:"
Device info via HTTP:
# ngrep -I "$CAPFILE" -W byline -q -t port 80 | egrep --color "device_name=|device_type=|os_version=|dev=|X-Device-Info:|Device:|DEVICE:|deviceId=|deviceModel="
Device info via mDNS:
# tshark -nn -r $CAPFILE -V -Y udp.port==5353 |egrep "Name: |product=|model=" |sort |uniq |egrep -v "Domain Name:|Name: _"
Windows error reporting: Hardware vendor, model, BIOS/firmware versions, running processes, exe/dll versions, & connected USB devices:
# ngrep -I "$CAPFILE" -W byline -q -t '^(GET|POST)' port 80 |egrep "^T |^GET|^Host:" |egrep -B2 "watson.microsoft.com.$"
Cell carrier codes:
# ngrep -I "$CAPFILE" -W byline -q -t port 80 | egrep --color "mcc=|mnc=|csc=|mccmnc"
Apple plist files: extract with tcpflow, decode with plistutil:
# grep "plist version" tcpflow/*
# apt install libplist-utils
# plistutil -i <plistfile>
Via Apple default weather app, Wunderground, etc:
# ngrep -I "$CAPFILE" -W byline -q -t '^(GET|POST|HTTP/)' port 80 |egrep "%2Clatitude%2|maxlat=|latitude=|latlon"
Via Windows default weather app:
# ngrep -I "$CAPFILE" -W byline -q -t 'weather.microsoft.com' port 80 |egrep --color "DisplayName="
Android apps, versions, usage, etc:
# ngrep -I $CAPFILE -W byline -q -t '^(GET )' port 80 | egrep "^GET |^Host:" |grep --color -A1 "ap_an="
Android app traffic (via Dalvik agent):
# ngrep -I $CAPFILE -W byline -q -t 'User-Agent: Dalvik' port 80
Apple apps/store traffic:
# ngrep -I $CAPFILE -W byline -q -t port 80 | egrep -B1 "bundleId=|dpkg.ipa|^[Xx]-[Aa]pple"
iTunes audio downloads:
# ngrep -I $CAPFILE -W byline -q -t port 80 | egrep -B6 "User-Agent: AppleCoreMedia"
Kindle app traffic ("key=" indicates ASIN of each ebook)
# ngrep -q -t -I $CAPFILE -W byline | grep --color 'type="EBOK" key='
Prime video streaming file downloads:
# ngrep -q -t -I $CAPFILE -W byline | grep -B6 'Prime%20Video'
Extract SSL certificates with tcpflow:
# tcpflow -a -r $CAPFILE -o tcpflow/ port 443
Extract SSL websites via Server Name Indication (SNI):
# ngrep -I $CAPFILE -q -t -W byline port 443 |egrep -o "[a-z0-9]*\.[a-z0-9]*\.(com|org|net|gov|mil|edu|co|biz|info)" |sort -u
Sessions using weak cipher suites:
# ssldump -n -r $CAPFILE | grep "cipherSuite" | egrep -i "RC4|MD5|EXP|NULL|_DES|ANON|64"
Sessions using weak SSL protocol versions:
# ssldump -n -r $CAPFILE | grep Version |sort -u
Decrypting SSL traffic using a known private key:
# tshark -r SSL-decryption.pcap -q -o "ssl.keys_list:192.168.56.101,443,http,server.pem" -z "follow,ssl,ascii,2"
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