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coordinatetransformationutil's Introduction

该工具适用于gcj02、bd09、WGS84 后续会添加java版本代码

背景

在进行地图开发过程中,我们一般能接触到以下三种类型的地图坐标系:

1.WGS-84原始坐标系,一般用国际GPS纪录仪记录下来的经纬度,通过GPS定位拿到的原始经纬度,Google和高德地图定位的的经纬度(国外)都是基于WGS-84坐标系的;但是在国内是不允许直接用WGS84坐标系标注的,必须经过加密后才能使用;

2.GCJ-02坐标系,又名“火星坐标系”,是我国国测局独创的坐标体系,由WGS-84加密而成,在国内,必须至少使用GCJ-02坐标系,或者使用在GCJ-02加密后再进行加密的坐标系,如百度坐标系。高德和Google在国内都是使用GCJ-02坐标系,可以说,GCJ-02是国内最广泛使用的坐标系;

3.百度坐标系:bd-09,百度坐标系是在GCJ-02坐标系的基础上再次加密偏移后形成的坐标系,只适用于百度地图。(目前百度API提供了从其它坐标系转换为百度坐标系的API,但却没有从百度坐标系转为其他坐标系的API)

出现偏移现象的原因

按照国家统一的保密要求,任何一个地图产品都不允许使用GPS坐标,国内地图使用的坐标系统是GCJ-02。GCJ-02,国测局02年发布的坐标体系。又称“火星坐标”。在**,必须至少使用GCJ-02的坐标体系。比如谷歌,腾讯,高德都在用这个坐标体系。

国内其他坐标体系。一般都是由GCJ-02进过偏移算法得到的。这种体系就根据每个公司的不同,坐标体系都不一样了。比如,百度和搜狗就使用自己的坐标体系,与其他坐标体系不兼容。(百度采用的是BD_09坐标)。

由于坐标系之间不兼容,所以如果在百度地图上定位的经纬度拿到高德地图上直接描点就肯定会发生偏移(因为采用不同的坐标加密的原因,即使在地图上看到的是同一个点,其代表的坐标数据也是不同的);只考虑国内的情况,高德地图和Google地图是可以不经过转换也能够准确显示的(在国内用的都是GCJ-02坐标系);

WGS84转GCJ02的加密算法可以从网上搜索到,经过测试,精度尚可,大概在10m级别(以高德地图为例,使用的数据的原坐标系是WGS84坐标系,经过加密形成的GCJ02坐标系数据)。

效果预览

这里写图片描述

代码

C#版本

class ProjectionConvertUtil
    {
        /*
        * BD-09:百度坐标系(百度地图)
        * GCJ-02:火星坐标系(谷歌**地图、高德地图)
        * WGS84:地球坐标系(国际通用坐标系,谷歌地图)
        */

        public double x_PI = 3.14159265358979324 * 3000.0 / 180.0;
        public double PI = 3.1415926535897932384626;
        public double a = 6378245.0;
        public double ee = 0.00669342162296594323;

        //百度坐标系转火星坐标系
        public double[] bd09togcj02(double bd_lon, double bd_lat)
        {
            double x = bd_lon - 0.0065;
            double y = bd_lat - 0.006;
            double z = Math.Sqrt(x * x + y * y) - 0.00002 * Math.Sin(y * x_PI);
            double theta = Math.Atan2(y, x) - 0.000003 * Math.Cos(x * x_PI);

            double gcj_lon = z * Math.Cos(theta);
            double gcj_lat = z * Math.Sin(theta);
            double[] gcj = { gcj_lon, gcj_lat };//火星坐标系值

            //火星坐标系转wgs84
            double[] wgs = gcj02towgs84(gcj[0], gcj[1]);
            return wgs;
        }

        //火星坐标系转wgs84
        public double[] gcj02towgs84(double gcj_lon, double gcj_lat)
        {
            if (out_of_china(gcj_lon, gcj_lat))
            {
                //不在国内,不进行纠偏
                double[] back = { gcj_lon, gcj_lat };
                return back;
            }
            else
            {
                var dlon = transformlon(gcj_lon - 105.0, gcj_lat - 35.0);
                var dlat = transformlat(gcj_lon - 105.0, gcj_lat - 35.0);
                var radlat = gcj_lat / 180.0 * PI;
                var magic = Math.Sin(radlat);
                magic = 1 - ee * magic * magic;
                var sqrtmagic = Math.Sqrt(magic);
                dlon = (dlon * 180.0) / (a / sqrtmagic * Math.Cos(radlat) * PI);
                dlat = (dlat * 180.0) / ((a * (1 - ee)) / (magic * sqrtmagic) * PI);
                double mglon = gcj_lon + dlon;
                double mglat = gcj_lat + dlat;
                double wgs_lon = gcj_lon * 2 - mglon;
                double wgs_lat = gcj_lat * 2 - mglat;
                double[] wgs = { wgs_lon, wgs_lat };//wgs84坐标系值
                return wgs;
            }
        }

        //火星坐标系转百度坐标系
        public double[] gcj02tobd09(double gcj_lon, double gcj_lat)
        {
            double z = Math.Sqrt(gcj_lon * gcj_lon + gcj_lat * gcj_lat) + 0.00002 * Math.Sin(gcj_lat * x_PI);
            double theta = Math.Atan2(gcj_lat, gcj_lon) + 0.000003 * Math.Cos(gcj_lon * x_PI);
            double bd_lon = z * Math.Cos(theta) + 0.0065;
            double bd_lat = z * Math.Sin(theta) + 0.006;
            double[] bd = { bd_lon, bd_lat };
            return bd;
        }

        //wgs84转火星坐标系
        public double[] wgs84togcj02(double wgs_lon, double wgs_lat)
        {
            if (out_of_china(wgs_lon, wgs_lat))
            {
                //不在国内
                double[] back = { wgs_lon, wgs_lat };
                return back;
            }
            else
            {
                double dwgs_lon = transformlon(wgs_lon - 105.0, wgs_lat - 35.0);
                double dwgs_lat = transformlat(wgs_lon - 105.0, wgs_lat - 35.0);
                double radwgs_lat = wgs_lat / 180.0 * PI;
                double magic = Math.Sin(radwgs_lat);
                magic = 1 - ee * magic * magic;
                double sqrtmagic = Math.Sqrt(magic);
                dwgs_lon = (dwgs_lon * 180.0) / (a / sqrtmagic * Math.Cos(radwgs_lat) * PI);
                dwgs_lat = (dwgs_lat * 180.0) / ((a * (1 - ee)) / (magic * sqrtmagic) * PI);
                double gcj_lon = wgs_lon + dwgs_lon;
                double gcj_lat = wgs_lat + dwgs_lat;
                double[] gcj = { gcj_lon, gcj_lat };
                return gcj;
            }
        }

        private double transformlon(double lon, double lat)
        {
            var ret = 300.0 + lon + 2.0 * lat + 0.1 * lon * lon + 0.1 * lon * lat + 0.1 * Math.Sqrt(Math.Abs(lon));
            ret += (20.0 * Math.Sin(6.0 * lon * PI) + 20.0 * Math.Sin(2.0 * lon * PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
            ret += (20.0 * Math.Sin(lon * PI) + 40.0 * Math.Sin(lon / 3.0 * PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
            ret += (150.0 * Math.Sin(lon / 12.0 * PI) + 300.0 * Math.Sin(lon / 30.0 * PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
            return ret;
        }

        private double transformlat(double lon, double lat)
        {
            var ret = -100.0 + 2.0 * lon + 3.0 * lat + 0.2 * lat * lat + 0.1 * lon * lat + 0.2 * Math.Sqrt(Math.Abs(lon));
            ret += (20.0 * Math.Sin(6.0 * lon * PI) + 20.0 * Math.Sin(2.0 * lon * PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
            ret += (20.0 * Math.Sin(lat * PI) + 40.0 * Math.Sin(lat / 3.0 * PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
            ret += (160.0 * Math.Sin(lat / 12.0 * PI) + 320 * Math.Sin(lat * PI / 30.0)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
            return ret;
        }

        //判断是否在国内,不在国内则不做偏移
        private Boolean out_of_china(double lon, double lat)
        {
            return (lon < 72.004 || lon > 137.8347) || ((lat < 0.8293 || lat > 55.8271) || false);
        }
    }

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