前言
嗨，说起探探想必各位程序汪都不陌生(毕竟妹子很多)，能在上面丝滑的翻牌子，探探的的堆叠滑动组件起到了关键的作用，下面就来看看如何用vue写一个探探的堆叠组件 😄
一. 功能分析
简单使用下探探会发现，堆叠滑动的功能很简单，用一张图概括就是:
简单归纳下里面包含的基本功能点:
- 图片的堆叠
- 图片第一张的滑动
- 条件成功后的滑出，条件失败后的回弹
- 滑出后下一张图片堆叠到顶部
体验优化
- 根据触摸点的不同，滑动时首图有不同角度偏移
- 偏移面积判定是否成功滑出
二. 具体实现
有了归纳好的功能点，我们实现组件的思路会更清晰
1. 堆叠效果
堆叠图片效果在网上有大量的实例，实现的方法大同小异，主要通过在父层设定perspective及perspective-origin，来实现子层的透视，子层设定好translate3d Z轴数值即可模拟出堆叠效果，具体代码如下
// 图片堆叠dom
<!--opacity: 0 隐藏我们不想看到的stack-item层级-->
<!--z-index: -1 调整stack-item层级"-->
<ul class="stack">
<li class="stack-item" style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 1;z-index: 10;"><img src="1.png" alt="01"></li>
<li class="stack-item" style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, -60px);opacity: 1;z-index: 1"><img src="2.png" alt="02"></li>
<li class="stack-item" style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, -120px);opacity: 1;z-index: 1"><img src="3.png" alt="03"></li>
<li class="stack-item" style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, -180px);opacity: 0;z-index: -1"><img src="4.png" alt="04"></li>
<li class="stack-item" style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, -180px);opacity: 0;z-index: -1"><img src="5.png" alt="05"></li>
</ul>
<style>
.stack {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
position: relative;
perspective: 1000px; //子元素视距
perspective-origin: 50% 150%; //子元素透视位置
-webkit-perspective: 1000px;
-webkit-perspective-origin: 50% 150%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.stack-item{
background: #fff;
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
border-radius: 4px;
text-align: center;
overflow: hidden;
}
.stack-item img {
width: 100%;
display: block;
pointer-events: none;
}
</style>
上面只是一组静态代码，我们希望得到的是vue组件，所以需要先建立一个组件模板stack.vue，在模板中我们可以使用v-for，遍历出stack节点，使用:style 来修改各个item的style，代码如下
<template>
<ul class="stack">
<li class="stack-item" v-for="(item, index) in pages" :style="[transform(index)]">
<img :src="item.src">
</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
props: {
// pages数据包含基础的图片数据
pages: {
type: Array,
default: []
}
},
data () {
return {
// basicdata数据包含组件基本数据
basicdata: {
currentPage: 0 // 默认首图的序列
},
// temporaryData数据包含组件临时数据
temporaryData: {
opacity: 1, // 记录opacity
zIndex: 10, // 记录zIndex
visible: 3 // 记录默认显示堆叠数visible
}
}
},
methods: {
// 遍历样式
transform (index) {
if (index >= this.basicdata.currentPage) {
let style = {}
let visible = this.temporaryData.visible
let perIndex = index - this.basicdata.currentPage
// visible可见数量前滑块的样式
if (index <= this.basicdata.currentPage + visible - 1) {
style['opacity'] = '1'
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(0,0,' + -1 * perIndex * 60 + 'px' + ')'
style['zIndex'] = visible - index + this.basicdata.currentPage
style['transitionTimingFunction'] = 'ease'
style['transitionDuration'] = 300 + 'ms'
} else {
style['zIndex'] = '-1'
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(0,0,' + -1 * visible * 60 + 'px' + ')'
}
return style
}
}
}
}
</script>
关键点
- :style可以绑定对象的同时，也可以绑定数组和函数，这在遍历的时候很有用
最基本的dom结构已经构建完毕，下一步是让首张图片“动”起来
2. 图片滑动
图片滑动效果，在很多场景中都有出现，其原理无非是监听touchs事件，得到位移，再通过translate3D改变目标位移，因此我们要实现的步骤如下
- 对stack进行touchs事件的绑定
- 监听并储存手势位置变化的数值
- 改变首图css属性中translate3D的x，y值
具体实现
在vue框架中，不建议直接操作节点，而是通过指令v-on对元素进行绑定，因此我们将绑定都写在v-for遍历里，通过index进行判断其是否是首图，再使用:style修改首页的样式，具体代码如下:
<template>
<ul class="stack">
<li class="stack-item" v-for="(item, index) in pages"
:style="[transformIndex(index),transform(index)]"
@touchstart.stop.capture="touchstart"
@touchmove.stop.capture="touchmove"
@touchend.stop.capture="touchend"
@mousedown.stop.capture="touchstart"
@mouseup.stop.capture="touchend"
@mousemove.stop.capture="touchmove">
<img :src="item.src">
</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
props: {
// pages数据包含基础的图片数据
pages: {
type: Array,
default: []
}
},
data () {
return {
// basicdata数据包含组件基本数据
basicdata: {
start: {}, // 记录起始位置
end: {}, // 记录终点位置
currentPage: 0 // 默认首图的序列
},
// temporaryData数据包含组件临时数据
temporaryData: {
poswidth: '', // 记录位移
posheight: '', // 记录位移
tracking: false // 是否在滑动，防止多次操作，影响体验
}
}
},
methods: {
touchstart (e) {
if (this.temporaryData.tracking) {
return
}
// 是否为touch
if (e.type === 'touchstart') {
if (e.touches.length > 1) {
this.temporaryData.tracking = false
return
} else {
// 记录起始位置
this.basicdata.start.t = new Date().getTime()
this.basicdata.start.x = e.targetTouches[0].clientX
this.basicdata.start.y = e.targetTouches[0].clientY
this.basicdata.end.x = e.targetTouches[0].clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.targetTouches[0].clientY
}
// pc操作
} else {
this.basicdata.start.t = new Date().getTime()
this.basicdata.start.x = e.clientX
this.basicdata.start.y = e.clientY
this.basicdata.end.x = e.clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.clientY
}
this.temporaryData.tracking = true
},
touchmove (e) {
// 记录滑动位置
if (this.temporaryData.tracking && !this.temporaryData.animation) {
if (e.type === 'touchmove') {
this.basicdata.end.x = e.targetTouches[0].clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.targetTouches[0].clientY
} else {
this.basicdata.end.x = e.clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.clientY
}
// 计算滑动值
this.temporaryData.poswidth = this.basicdata.end.x - this.basicdata.start.x
this.temporaryData.posheight = this.basicdata.end.y - this.basicdata.start.y
}
},
touchend (e) {
this.temporaryData.tracking = false
// 滑动结束，触发判断
},
// 非首页样式切换
transform (index) {
if (index > this.basicdata.currentPage) {
let style = {}
let visible = 3
let perIndex = index - this.basicdata.currentPage
// visible可见数量前滑块的样式
if (index <= this.basicdata.currentPage + visible - 1) {
style['opacity'] = '1'
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(0,0,' + -1 * perIndex * 60 + 'px' + ')'
style['zIndex'] = visible - index + this.basicdata.currentPage
style['transitionTimingFunction'] = 'ease'
style['transitionDuration'] = 300 + 'ms'
} else {
style['zIndex'] = '-1'
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(0,0,' + -1 * visible * 60 + 'px' + ')'
}
return style
}
},
// 首页样式切换
transformIndex (index) {
// 处理3D效果
if (index === this.basicdata.currentPage) {
let style = {}
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(' + this.temporaryData.poswidth + 'px' + ',' + this.temporaryData.posheight + 'px' + ',0px)'
style['opacity'] = 1
style['zIndex'] = 10
return style
}
}
}
}
</script>
3. 条件成功后的滑出，条件失败后的回弹
条件的触发判断是在touchend/mouseup后进行，在这里我们先用简单的条件进行判定，同时给予首图弹出及回弹的效果，代码如下
<template>
<ul class="stack">
<li class="stack-item" v-for="(item, index) in pages"
:style="[transformIndex(index),transform(index)]"
@touchmove.stop.capture="touchmove"
@touchstart.stop.capture="touchstart"
@touchend.stop.capture="touchend"
@mousedown.stop.capture="touchstart"
@mouseup.stop.capture="touchend"
@mousemove.stop.capture="touchmove">
<img :src="item.src">
</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
props: {
// pages数据包含基础的图片数据
pages: {
type: Array,
default: []
}
},
data () {
return {
// basicdata数据包含组件基本数据
basicdata: {
start: {}, // 记录起始位置
end: {}, // 记录终点位置
currentPage: 0 // 默认首图的序列
},
// temporaryData数据包含组件临时数据
temporaryData: {
poswidth: '', // 记录位移
posheight: '', // 记录位移
tracking: false, // 是否在滑动，防止多次操作，影响体验
animation: false, // 首图是否启用动画效果，默认为否
opacity: 1 // 记录首图透明度
}
}
},
methods: {
touchstart (e) {
if (this.temporaryData.tracking) {
return
}
// 是否为touch
if (e.type === 'touchstart') {
if (e.touches.length > 1) {
this.temporaryData.tracking = false
return
} else {
// 记录起始位置
this.basicdata.start.t = new Date().getTime()
this.basicdata.start.x = e.targetTouches[0].clientX
this.basicdata.start.y = e.targetTouches[0].clientY
this.basicdata.end.x = e.targetTouches[0].clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.targetTouches[0].clientY
}
// pc操作
} else {
this.basicdata.start.t = new Date().getTime()
this.basicdata.start.x = e.clientX
this.basicdata.start.y = e.clientY
this.basicdata.end.x = e.clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.clientY
}
this.temporaryData.tracking = true
this.temporaryData.animation = false
},
touchmove (e) {
// 记录滑动位置
if (this.temporaryData.tracking && !this.temporaryData.animation) {
if (e.type === 'touchmove') {
this.basicdata.end.x = e.targetTouches[0].clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.targetTouches[0].clientY
} else {
this.basicdata.end.x = e.clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.clientY
}
// 计算滑动值
this.temporaryData.poswidth = this.basicdata.end.x - this.basicdata.start.x
this.temporaryData.posheight = this.basicdata.end.y - this.basicdata.start.y
}
},
touchend (e) {
this.temporaryData.tracking = false
this.temporaryData.animation = true
// 滑动结束，触发判断
// 简单判断滑动宽度超出100像素时触发滑出
if (Math.abs(this.temporaryData.poswidth) >= 100) {
// 最终位移简单设定为x轴200像素的偏移
let ratio = Math.abs(this.temporaryData.posheight / this.temporaryData.poswidth)
this.temporaryData.poswidth = this.temporaryData.poswidth >= 0 ? this.temporaryData.poswidth + 200 : this.temporaryData.poswidth - 200
this.temporaryData.posheight = this.temporaryData.posheight >= 0 ? Math.abs(this.temporaryData.poswidth * ratio) : -Math.abs(this.temporaryData.poswidth * ratio)
this.temporaryData.opacity = 0
// 不满足条件则滑入
} else {
this.temporaryData.poswidth = 0
this.temporaryData.posheight = 0
}
},
// 非首页样式切换
transform (index) {
if (index > this.basicdata.currentPage) {
let style = {}
let visible = 3
let perIndex = index - this.basicdata.currentPage
// visible可见数量前滑块的样式
if (index <= this.basicdata.currentPage + visible - 1) {
style['opacity'] = '1'
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(0,0,' + -1 * perIndex * 60 + 'px' + ')'
style['zIndex'] = visible - index + this.basicdata.currentPage
style['transitionTimingFunction'] = 'ease'
style['transitionDuration'] = 300 + 'ms'
} else {
style['zIndex'] = '-1'
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(0,0,' + -1 * visible * 60 + 'px' + ')'
}
return style
}
},
// 首页样式切换
transformIndex (index) {
// 处理3D效果
if (index === this.basicdata.currentPage) {
let style = {}
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(' + this.temporaryData.poswidth + 'px' + ',' + this.temporaryData.posheight + 'px' + ',0px)'
style['opacity'] = this.temporaryData.opacity
style['zIndex'] = 10
if (this.temporaryData.animation) {
style['transitionTimingFunction'] = 'ease'
style['transitionDuration'] = 300 + 'ms'
}
return style
}
}
}
}
</script>
4. 滑出后下一张图片堆叠到顶部
重新堆叠是组件最后一个功能，同时也是最重要和复杂的功能。在我们的代码里，stack-item的排序依赖绑定:style的transformIndex和transform函数，函数里判定的条件是currentPage，那是不是改变currentPage，让其+1，即可完成重新堆叠呢？
答案没有那么简单，因为我们滑出是动画效果，会进行300ms的时间，而currentPage变化引起的重排，会立即变化，打断动画的进行。因此我们需要先修改transform函数的排序条件，后改变currentPage。
具体实现
- 修改transform函数排序条件
- 让currentPage+1
- 添加onTransitionEnd事件，在滑出结束后，重新放置stack列表中
代码如下：
<template>
<ul class="stack">
<li class="stack-item" v-for="(item, index) in pages"
:style="[transformIndex(index),transform(index)]"
@touchmove.stop.capture="touchmove"
@touchstart.stop.capture="touchstart"
@touchend.stop.capture="touchend"
@mousedown.stop.capture="touchstart"
@mouseup.stop.capture="touchend"
@mousemove.stop.capture="touchmove"
@webkit-transition-end="onTransitionEnd"
@transitionend="onTransitionEnd"
>
<img :src="item.src">
</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
props: {
// pages数据包含基础的图片数据
pages: {
type: Array,
default: []
}
},
data () {
return {
// basicdata数据包含组件基本数据
basicdata: {
start: {}, // 记录起始位置
end: {}, // 记录终点位置
currentPage: 0 // 默认首图的序列
},
// temporaryData数据包含组件临时数据
temporaryData: {
poswidth: '', // 记录位移
posheight: '', // 记录位移
lastPosWidth: '', // 记录上次最终位移
lastPosHeight: '', // 记录上次最终位移
tracking: false, // 是否在滑动，防止多次操作，影响体验
animation: false, // 首图是否启用动画效果，默认为否
opacity: 1, // 记录首图透明度
swipe: false // onTransition判定条件
}
}
},
methods: {
touchstart (e) {
if (this.temporaryData.tracking) {
return
}
// 是否为touch
if (e.type === 'touchstart') {
if (e.touches.length > 1) {
this.temporaryData.tracking = false
return
} else {
// 记录起始位置
this.basicdata.start.t = new Date().getTime()
this.basicdata.start.x = e.targetTouches[0].clientX
this.basicdata.start.y = e.targetTouches[0].clientY
this.basicdata.end.x = e.targetTouches[0].clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.targetTouches[0].clientY
}
// pc操作
} else {
this.basicdata.start.t = new Date().getTime()
this.basicdata.start.x = e.clientX
this.basicdata.start.y = e.clientY
this.basicdata.end.x = e.clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.clientY
}
this.temporaryData.tracking = true
this.temporaryData.animation = false
},
touchmove (e) {
// 记录滑动位置
if (this.temporaryData.tracking && !this.temporaryData.animation) {
if (e.type === 'touchmove') {
this.basicdata.end.x = e.targetTouches[0].clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.targetTouches[0].clientY
} else {
this.basicdata.end.x = e.clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.clientY
}
// 计算滑动值
this.temporaryData.poswidth = this.basicdata.end.x - this.basicdata.start.x
this.temporaryData.posheight = this.basicdata.end.y - this.basicdata.start.y
}
},
touchend (e) {
this.temporaryData.tracking = false
this.temporaryData.animation = true
// 滑动结束，触发判断
// 简单判断滑动宽度超出100像素时触发滑出
if (Math.abs(this.temporaryData.poswidth) >= 100) {
// 最终位移简单设定为x轴200像素的偏移
let ratio = Math.abs(this.temporaryData.posheight / this.temporaryData.poswidth)
this.temporaryData.poswidth = this.temporaryData.poswidth >= 0 ? this.temporaryData.poswidth + 200 : this.temporaryData.poswidth - 200
this.temporaryData.posheight = this.temporaryData.posheight >= 0 ? Math.abs(this.temporaryData.poswidth * ratio) : -Math.abs(this.temporaryData.poswidth * ratio)
this.temporaryData.opacity = 0
this.temporaryData.swipe = true
// 记录最终滑动距离
this.temporaryData.lastPosWidth = this.temporaryData.poswidth
this.temporaryData.lastPosHeight = this.temporaryData.posheight
// currentPage+1 引发排序变化
this.basicdata.currentPage += 1
// currentPage切换，整体dom进行变化，把第一层滑动置零
this.$nextTick(() => {
this.temporaryData.poswidth = 0
this.temporaryData.posheight = 0
this.temporaryData.opacity = 1
})
// 不满足条件则滑入
} else {
this.temporaryData.poswidth = 0
this.temporaryData.posheight = 0
this.temporaryData.swipe = false
}
},
onTransitionEnd (index) {
// dom发生变化后，正在执行的动画滑动序列已经变为上一层
if (this.temporaryData.swipe && index === this.basicdata.currentPage - 1) {
this.temporaryData.animation = true
this.temporaryData.lastPosWidth = 0
this.temporaryData.lastPosHeight = 0
this.temporaryData.swipe = false
}
},
// 非首页样式切换
transform (index) {
if (index > this.basicdata.currentPage) {
let style = {}
let visible = 3
let perIndex = index - this.basicdata.currentPage
// visible可见数量前滑块的样式
if (index <= this.basicdata.currentPage + visible - 1) {
style['opacity'] = '1'
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(0,0,' + -1 * perIndex * 60 + 'px' + ')'
style['zIndex'] = visible - index + this.basicdata.currentPage
style['transitionTimingFunction'] = 'ease'
style['transitionDuration'] = 300 + 'ms'
} else {
style['zIndex'] = '-1'
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(0,0,' + -1 * visible * 60 + 'px' + ')'
}
return style
// 已滑动模块释放后
} else if (index === this.basicdata.currentPage - 1) {
let style = {}
// 继续执行动画
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(' + this.temporaryData.lastPosWidth + 'px' + ',' + this.temporaryData.lastPosHeight + 'px' + ',0px)'
style['opacity'] = '0'
style['zIndex'] = '-1'
style['transitionTimingFunction'] = 'ease'
style['transitionDuration'] = 300 + 'ms'
return style
}
},
// 首页样式切换
transformIndex (index) {
// 处理3D效果
if (index === this.basicdata.currentPage) {
let style = {}
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(' + this.temporaryData.poswidth + 'px' + ',' + this.temporaryData.posheight + 'px' + ',0px)'
style['opacity'] = this.temporaryData.opacity
style['zIndex'] = 10
if (this.temporaryData.animation) {
style['transitionTimingFunction'] = 'ease'
style['transitionDuration'] = 300 + 'ms'
}
return style
}
}
}
}
</script>
ok~ 完成了上面的四步，堆叠组件的基本功能就已经实现，快来看看效果吧
堆叠滑动效果已经出来了，但是探探在体验上，还增加了触碰角度偏移，以及判定滑出面积比例
角度偏移的原理，是在用户每次进行touch时，记录用户触碰位置，计算出最大的偏移角度，在滑动出现位移时，线性增加角度以至最大的偏移角度。
使用在stack中具体要做的是：
- touchmove中计算出所需角度和方向
- touchend及onTransitionEnd中将角度至零
判定滑出面积比例，主要通过偏移量计算出偏移面积，从而得到面积比例，完成判断
完整的代码和demo可以在github上查看源码，这里就不贴出来了
谢谢大家看完这篇文章，喜欢可以在github上给个⭐️ ，最后祝大家在探探上都能找到前女友💚
最近在找新工作，三年前端经验，熟悉vue，有工作介绍的朋友可以邮箱联系我[email protected]
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