link to photo

a. What color stripes are on a 100 Ohm resistor?

Brown, Black, Brown

b. What do you have to do to light your LED?

I have to push the button to light the LED. The Metro Mini also needs to be connected to a power source.

a. What line(s) of code do you need to change to make the LED blink (like, at all)?

When uploading the code to the Arduino, the LED blinks on and off every second. pinMode and digitalWrite functions need to take in as argument either LED_BUILTIN or 13.

b. What line(s) of code do you need to change to change the rate of blinking?

We need to adjust the argument of at least one of the delay functions. Increasing or decreasing the first delay function will respectively increase or decrease the time that the LED is lit while increasing or decreasing the second delay function argument will respectively increase or decrease the time that the LED is not lit.

c. What circuit element would you want to add to protect the board and external LED?

You would want to add a resistor to limit current going through.

d. At what delay can you no longer perceive the LED blinking? How can you prove to yourself that it is, in fact, still blinking?

Once both delay function arguments are set at 15 ms, I can no longer perceive the LED blinking. To prove that it is, I can take a "Slo-Mo" video with iPhone and by going frame by frame I can notice the LED being off almost half of the frames.

e. Modify the code to make your LED blink your way. Save your new blink code to your lab 1 repository, with a link on the README.md.

Modified Code!

Make a video of your LED blinking, and add it to your lab submission.

link to blinking LED

a. Are you able to get the LED to glow the whole turning range of the potentiometer? Why or why not?

The LED is able to glow the whole turning range of the potentiometer. Depending on the direction you turn the knob, the LED brightens up or dims down.

a. What do you have to modify to make the code control the circuit you've built on your breadboard?

The first thing to do is to change the "int led = 9" to "int led = 11". In order to control how fast it fades, we can change the fadeAmount variable.

b. What is analogWrite()? How is that different than digitalWrite()?

analogWrite() is able to generate a wave of specified duty cycle and therefore set the voltage to HIGH/LOW a certain fraction of the time. This fraction changes linearly with how one changes the value for the analogWrite function. It is different than digitalWrite in that digitalWrite can also only have 2 settings: HIGH or LOW but always 100% of the time. analogWrite(255) = digitalWrite(HIGH) and analogWrite(0) = digitalWrite(LOW).

link to schematic

a. Is there computation in your device? Where is it? What do you think is happening inside the "computer?"

There is computation inside the microcontroller. The microcontroller is on th circuit board and is taking in as inputs the information sent from pressing a key on the keyboard pad and does computation to transform these inputs into hex in order for the computer that is connected to the keyboard to understand the inputs from the keyboard.

b. Are there sensors on your device? How do they work? How is the sensed information conveyed to other portions of the device?

There are touch sensors to press the keyboards on. Because all keys are connected, the sensed information is conveyed using a key matrix in which anytime the key is touched, the circuit is completed and the keyboard's processor decides which character or function to send to the computer.

c. How is the device powered? Is there any transformation or regulation of the power? How is that done? What voltages are used throughout the system?

The device is powered via a laptop. The power is constantly generated at constant 5V.

d. Is information stored in your device? Where? How?

There must be information stored in the device to store the key matrix to be able to decide what key maps to what character to send to the computer. This information is stored inside the microcontroller.

In my circuit, the keyboard is connected to my laptop therefore the power is generated from the computer. I have an LED set up on the Arduino board with wires connected to source and ground. When the wires touch the metal part of the keyboard from the positive end and negative end parts, the LED on the arduino board lights up.

Make a video showing off your Frankenlight.

Include any schematics or photos in your lab write-up.

link to video of frankenlight