1. What are neopronouns?

Answer: Neopronouns are a category of new (neo) pronouns that are increasingly used in place of “she,” “he,” or “they” when referring to a person. Some examples include: xe/xem/xyr, ze/hir/hirs, and ey/em/eir. Neopronouns can be used by anyone, though most often they are used by transgender, non-binary, and/or gender nonconforming people. Source: https://intercultural.uncg.edu/wp-content/uploads/Neopronouns-Explained-UNCG-Intercultural-Engagement.pdf

In the image below, we can find the temporal variations in neopronoun usage over the past few years from the Gender Census 2021: Worldwide Report.

This transformation performs grammatically correct substitution of the gendered pronouns he/she in a given sentence with their neopronoun counterparts. The reason why a simple look-up-table approach might not work as depending on the context, the case can belong to the Nominative/Subject Pronouns, Accusative/Object Pronouns, Pronominal Possessive/Possessive Adjectives, Predicative Possessive/Possessive Pronouns or Reflexive Pronouns categories.

Example:

He like himself. ↔️ Ey likes emself **OR** Ze likes zirself etc.

The neopronoun list is sourced from Neopronouns-Explained resource curated by UNC Greensboro and LGBTA WIKI. Refer to this Github repo for the dataset construction details, examples and pronounciation key.

As things stand, NLP models such as those deployed for neural translation fail to recognize the neopronouns and often treats them as proper nouns. For example, Google translate translates the sentence Ve likes verself to ವೀ ತನ್ನನ್ನು ತಾನೇ ಇಷ್ಟಪಡುತ್ತಾನೆ into Kannada which reads (Someone named) Vee likes himself! Also, as revealed in this survey titled Toward Gender-Inclusive Coreference Resolution, "Only 7.1% (one paper!) considers neopronouns and/or specific singular THEY." This transformation seeks to render the training data used in NLP pipelines more neopronoun aware so as to help tackle the downstream risks of trans erasure.

[1]

@article{bertulfobeyond,
  title={Beyond He and She: A Study on the Non-Binary and Gender Neutral English Neopronouns},
  author={Bertulfo, Cherry Con-ui}
}

[2]

@misc{Gender_Census_2021,
author = {Cassian Lodge},
title = {Gender Census 2021: Worldwide Summary – Gender Census},
howpublished = {\url{https://gendercensus.com/results/2021-worldwide-summary/}},
month = {March},
year = {2021},
note = {(Accessed on 06/02/2021)}
}

[3]

@article{cao2019toward,
  title={Toward gender-inclusive coreference resolution},
  author={Cao, Yang Trista and Daum{\'e} III, Hal},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.13913},
  year={2019}
}

This specific pull request does not cover the 3 Regional Nominative Pronouns ( A , Ou and Yo) and the following 6 options in the Other category of the LGBTA WIKI

1. It
2. One
3. Alternating Pronouns
4. No Pronouns/Pronoun Dropping
5. Nounself Pronouns
6. Emojiself Pronouns