• Create, read, update, and delete elements from lists.

• Interpreter: a program that executes other programs. Python programs require the Python interpreter to be installed on your computer so that they can be run.
• Python Shell: an interactive interpreter that can be accessed from the command line.
• Data Type: a specific kind of data. The Python interpreter uses these types to determine which actions can be performed on different data items.
• Exception: a type of error that can be predicted and handled without causing a program to crash.
• Code Block: a collection of code that is interpreted together. Python groups code blocks by indentation level.
• Function: a named code block that performs a sequence of actions when it is called.
• Scope: the area in your program where a specific variable can be called.

This is a test-driven lab. Run pipenv install to create your virtual environment and pipenv shell to enter the virtual environment. Then run pytest -x to run your tests. Use these instructions and pytest's error messages to complete your work in the lib/ folder.

In this lab, we will be coding the solutions for each of the above tasks in the body of a function. In lib/list_crud.py we've defined a series of functions for you, each of which is responsible for one of the tasks above. Your job is to write the code in the body of each function to get the test passing.

Let's go through the first challenge together.

Let's run our test suite to get started. Run the tests one at a time with the pytest -x command in your terminal.

If we do so, we'll see our first failure.

Our test is telling us that we are expected to code the content of our create_an_empty_list() function such that a new, empty list is created and returned. Our test expected an empty list, [], but got None.

Open up lib/list_crud.py and check out the create_an_empty_list() function. It's empty! Let's write the code that will get the test passing.

We'll use the literal constructor to make a new list with nothing in it:

def create_an_empty_list():
    return []

Run the test suite again and we should be passing that first test.

This function should use the literal constructor to create a new list, just like we did above. This time, however, create a list that contains four elements. The four elements can be any elements of your choosing, as long as there are only four of them.

This function takes in two arguments, a list and the element we want to add to it. Use the append() method to add that element to the end of the new list.

This function takes in two arguments, a list and the element we want to add to it. Use the insert() method to add that element to the start of that list.

This function takes in one argument, the list on which we want to operate. Use the pop() method to remove the last item from the list.

This function takes in one argument, the list on which we want to operate. Use the del keyword to remove the first item from the list.

This function takes in one argument, the list from which we want to retrieve an element. Use [] notation to return the value stored at the first index of the list. Remember that lists are zero-indexed. This means that the first index number is 0 and it counts up from there. So, the first element of a list is stored at index 0.

This function takes in two arguments, a list and the index number whose element we want to retrieve. Use the [], bracket notation, to return the element stored at that index number of the given list.

This function takes in one argument, the list from which we want to retrieve an element. There are a number of ways to do this, but we recommend using the [] notation with the following hint:

The last element of a list is considered to be stored at an index of -1.

• 5. Data Structures - Python
• Python List append() Method - W3schools
• Python List insert() Method - W3schools
• Python List pop() Method - W3schools
• Python del Keyword - W3schools