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piney-point-manu

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Materials for Piney Point manuscript, preprint available here, published and peer-reviewed version here

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piney-point-manu's Issues

FLDEP VOB secchi

VOB values for sechi on the website are blanks and so are under-reported in the paper. Need to rectify this in the text, probably use direct value from NW email 10/6. No analyses change.

Gypstack statements.

piney-point-manu/manu-draft.Rmd

Line 70 in 45d3359

The geology of central Florida is rich in phosphates that have supported a multi-billion dollar mining industry for fertilizer to support agricultural production in other countries [@Henderson04]. By 2001, an estimated 36 million metric tons of phosphogypsum were created each year in northern and central Florida [@Burnett01]. Currently, seventeen phosphogypsum stacks exist in the Tampa Bay watershed with no comprehensive, long-term plan for closure or disposal of waste. The potential environmental impacts of these facilities are considered a critical threat that could halt or reverse the decades of prior ecosystem improvement. The Piney Point facility located in Palmetto, Florida is a large, remnant gypstack with three holding ponds located 3 kilometers from the shore of Tampa Bay and near two Florida Aquatic Preserves [see supplement for a history of the facility, @Henderson04]. Holding capacity of the ponds has decreased over time from seasonal rain events, tropical storms, and storage of dredging material from nearby Port Manatee. Discharges from the stacks occurred in the early 2000s and in 2011 to nearby Bishop Harbor connected to Tampa Bay. Those discharges resulted in spatially-restricted, ecosystem responses including localized harmful algal blooms and increased macroalgal abundance [@Switzer11;@Garrett11].
. The statement:

"Currently, seventeen phosphogypsum stacks exist in the Tampa Bay watershed with no comprehensive, long-term plan for closure or disposal of waste ... " is technically accurate, but it convolutes the fact that the active facilities are operating under a permit with defined conditions for storage and handling of the material with other assurances for final closure of the facilities.

Use K. brevis data from CL

These are more complete than HABSOS, also maybe only show MTB results since these are the abnormal conditions.

ready for check before back to co-authors

@esherwoo77 manuscript and supplement are ready for your review before we send it back to co-authors. Here's a quick summary of the changes. Basically I just need a gut check for the current content, no heavy editing needed unless you think it's warranted.

  • Expanded red tide analysis to include wind/precip, added more explanation to discussion
  • Added more inclusive plots showing phyto, red tide, nutrients, macro relationships
  • Evaluated seagrass and macroalgae abundances "to be sure"
  • Multi-comp test for water quality is seasonally detrended
  • Added GAM seasonal trend predictions to replace weekly boxplots
  • Removed PCA and correlation matrices
  • Added supplement figs/tables
  • Added text in methods describing role of USF model in guiding sampling
  • Numerous edits from multiple co-authors

Appropriate location info?

piney-point-manu/manu-draft.Rmd

Line 80 in 230d4ba

The Piney Point facility in Palmetto, Florida was established in 1966 by the now defunct Borden Chemicals company near Port Manatee on the southeast shore of lower Tampa Bay. Port operations were primarily for export of phosphate production by the plant. Numerous environmental issues were observed in these early years, including suspected wastewater contamination in nearby Bishop Harbor, groundwater contamination from industrial solvents, and air pollution from plant emissions [@Henderson04]. Ownership of the facility was transferred to different companies over the course of operation and in 1993 the plant was acquired by Mulberry Phosphates, Inc., which also owned a mining facility in Mulberry, Florida to the north. In 1997, 54 million gallons of phosphate mining process water from the Mulberry plant spilled into the Alafia River, the second largest tributary to Tampa Bay, killing 1.3 million fishes and impacting 153 hectares of wetland habitat.

NBD, Palmetto is the postal location, but the facility is actually in unincorporated Manatee County.

Unanticipated releases vs. discharges

piney-point-manu/manu-draft.Rmd

Line 70 in 45d3359

The geology of central Florida is rich in phosphates that have supported a multi-billion dollar mining industry for fertilizer to support agricultural production in other countries [@Henderson04]. By 2001, an estimated 36 million metric tons of phosphogypsum were created each year in northern and central Florida [@Burnett01]. Currently, seventeen phosphogypsum stacks exist in the Tampa Bay watershed with no comprehensive, long-term plan for closure or disposal of waste. The potential environmental impacts of these facilities are considered a critical threat that could halt or reverse the decades of prior ecosystem improvement. The Piney Point facility located in Palmetto, Florida is a large, remnant gypstack with three holding ponds located 3 kilometers from the shore of Tampa Bay and near two Florida Aquatic Preserves [see supplement for a history of the facility, @Henderson04]. Holding capacity of the ponds has decreased over time from seasonal rain events, tropical storms, and storage of dredging material from nearby Port Manatee. Discharges from the stacks occurred in the early 2000s and in 2011 to nearby Bishop Harbor connected to Tampa Bay. Those discharges resulted in spatially-restricted, ecosystem responses including localized harmful algal blooms and increased macroalgal abundance [@Switzer11;@Garrett11].

Use of the term discharge vs. unanticipated release in reference to the early 2000s and 2011 events needs to be verified. Discharge carries the legal connotation that it may have been allowable under permit. The NMC has described 'unanticipated releases' to fall outside typical permitted discharge conditions/allowances. Both of these early events would be considered unanticipated releases that fell outside facility permit conditions and/or an emergency order (as far as I remember). See NMC Decision Memo 2017RA-02: https://tbep.org/nmc-decision-memos/ .

Follow up benthic monitoring

Happened in September 2021, right?

piney-point-manu/manu-draft.Rmd

Line 353 in 7e60187

Additional monitoring and analysis is also required to fully understand the long-term impacts to bay resources beyond water quality. For benthic communities, sediments were sampled in April during the discharge near Port Manatee and surrounding waters. These samples were used to calculate scores for the Tampa Bay Benthic Index (TBBI) as a measure of the ecological health of the benthos [@tbep0106]. Similar to other reporting tools for Tampa Bay, the TBBI categorizes sediment samples into "good", "fair", and "poor" as a qualitative summary of enumerated taxonomic data that can support management decisions. Results suggested a mix of conditions dominated by "fair" and "good" samples, possibly reflecting the high spatial variability of macroinvertebrate communities in coastal habitats [@tbep0620;@Gillett21]. Comparison of the initial 2021 samples to historical benthic conditions suggested relatively consistent sediment quality from 1993 to present ([unpublished results](https://tbep-tech.github.io/piney-point-analysis/benthic)). Additional sampling is planned later at the same sites surveyed in April to further assess potential impacts of Piney Point on sediment quality. Finally, effects of changing environmental conditions and red tide on marine mammals (e.g., cetaceans, sirenians) was also a concern given their use of bay resources within the broader distribution of these species. Twenty preliminary manatee (*Trichechus manatus latirostris*) mortalities were [reported](https://myfwc.com/media/25649/2021preliminaryredtide.pdf) in the red tide boundary of the impacted counties of Tampa Bay through August 2021. This is of particular concern given the recent [unusual mortality events](https://myfwc.com/research/manatee/rescue-mortality-response/ume/) for Florida manatees that is likely linked to seagrass losses on the east coast of Florida (e.g., Indian River Lagoon) and current seagrass losses for southwest Florida.

Red tide occurrences in TB

piney-point-manu/manu-draft.Rmd

Line 303 in 7f88eae

Concentrations of the red tide species *K. brevis* in 2021 were not observed in Tampa Bay until the week of May 23, with concentrations peaking by the week of July 4th, after which concentrations declined (Figure \@ref(fig:redtide)b).
. Observations (very low) within lower Tampa Bay occurred as early as April 13th. 'Low' observations were observed on 4/21 in Lower Tampa Bay (gulf side of Skyway). 'Low' observation observed right off Port Manatee on 5/18. 'Medium' bloom concentrations didn't present in Lower Tampa Bay until 5/24 (right off Joe Island bay side of Skyway).

https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/maps/habsos/maps.htm

does HRK still maintain ownership of PP or did that recently change?

Final line of the history info (now in supplement) states that HRK still has ownership of the site. Has this changed? I recall hearing it did, but wanted to verify.

piney-point-manu/supplement.Rmd

Line 42 in cfbe3d8

Piney Point was acquired by HRK Holdings, LLC in August 2006 through an administrative agreement with FDEP, where oversight was still maintained by FDEP. This agreement transferred responsibility of the site to HRK with the intention that any future uses must protect and be compatible with the integrity of stack closure and long-term care. In 2011, HRK agreed to the storage of 1.1 million cubic meters of dredged material and seawater from Port Manatee to improve shipping capacity at the port (i.e., Berth 12 construction). This material was added to an existing gypstack at Piney Point. Placement of the dredged material was suspected in compromising the liner integrity which led to an emergency discharge that released 640 million liters of dredged saltwater slurry and 3.2 metric tons of nitrogen to receiving waters leading to Bishop Harbor. The dredging and deposit of slurry at Piney Point continued following structural fortifications to the holding stacks to ensure integrity with additional loadings. HRK maintains ownership and responsibility of the site to present day with oversight by FDEP.

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