Write clean and clear data of all sorting algorithms as they are very important when it comes to optimizing the data.

This doesn't make sense for all the exercises but for some it would. Let me know if this sounds worthwhile to you.

Hey, I keep getting this issue when I add outcome.get, It points out to,

main() at the bottom of the script
function play_game(player, player2) in main
roll1 = get_roll(player_1, roll_names) in play_game
return rolls[selected_index]

my version of python is 3.8

`import random

rolls = {
'rock': {
'defeats': ['scissors'],
'defeated_by': ['paper']
},
'paper': {
'defeats': ['rock'],
'defeated_by': ['scissors']
},
'scissors': {
'defeats': ['paper'],
'defeated_by': ['rock']
},
}

def main():
show_header()

player = "You"
player2 = "Computer"

play_game(player, player2)

def show_header():
print("------------------------")
print(" Rock, Paper, Scissors v2")
print(" Data Structures Edition")
print("------------------------")

def play_game(player_1, player_2):
rounds = 3
wins_p1 = 0
wins_p2 = 0

roll_names = list(rolls.keys())

while wins_p1 < rounds and wins_p2 < rounds:
    roll1 = get_roll(player_1, roll_names)
    roll2 = random.choice(roll_names)

    if not roll1:
        print("try again")
        continue

    print(f"{player_1} rolls {roll1}")
    print(f"{player_2} rolls {roll2}")

    # test for a winner
    winner = check_for_winner(player_1, player_2, roll1, roll2)

    print("The end of the Round")
    if winner is None:
        print("It was a tie!")
    else:
        print(f"{winner} is the winner of the round!!!")
        if winner == player_1:
            wins_p1 += 1
        elif winner == player_2:
            wins_p2 += 1

    print(f"Score is {player_1}: {wins_p1} and {player_2}: {wins_p2}")

if wins_p1 >= rounds:
    overall_winner = player_1
else:
    overall_winner = player_2

print(f"{overall_winner} wins the game!")

# Rock
#   Rock -> tie
#   Paper -> lose
#   Scissor -> win
# Paper
#   Rock -> win
#   Paper -> tie
#   Scissor -> lose
# Scissor
#   Rock -> lose
#   Paper -> win
#   Scissor -> tie

def check_for_winner(player_1, player_2, roll1, roll2):
winner = None
if roll1 == roll2:
print("It's a tie!")

outcome = rolls.get(roll1, {})
if roll2 in outcome.get('defeats'):
    return player_1
elif roll2 in outcome.get('defeated_by'):
    return player_2
return winner

def get_roll(player_name, roll_names):
print("Available rolls:")
for index, r in enumerate(roll_names, start=1):
print(f"{index}. {r}")

text = input(f"{player_name} what is your roll? : ")
selected_index = int(text) - 1

if selected_index < 0 or selected_index >= len(rolls):
    print(f"sorry {player_name}, {text} is not a vaild play!")
    return None

return rolls[selected_index]

if name == 'main':
main()
`

i have followed the chapter 7 code coping perfectly what you do in the videos yet python doesn't seem to accept that anymore. i am using python 8

The start of my rise to the top of the science and technology scene

Add data structure example i.e. Nested list, Counter, Lambda function, Sorting, deque, heap.

While solving any kind of problem, the data structure is important. I want to contribute to this repository by adding examples on the above topics with proper documentation.

Basically, each of the topics will contain motivation, use case, example, dos, and don't-s.

Here's an example:

Initializing a nested list in this format [ [ v ] * n ] * n is not always a good idea.

Look at the snippet below:

>>> a = [ [0] * 3 ] * 3
>>> a
[[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]
>>> a[0][0]=1
>>> a
[[1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0]]

So all of the 0th element of the lists got changed.
It's because * is copying the address of the object (list).

Like this

I have been working on this addition to the RPS game. I have installed prompt-toolkit 3.0.5. As I have been coding along with you, I have received the following error:
File "/PycharmProjects/RPS/RPS-v8.py", line 157
word_comp: object = word_completer(roll_names)
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

I can't figure out what is causing the error as I have attempted to follow your code...there were some differences that came up when I entered the WordCompleter...the autofill had me use word_completer for example. Below is the section of code that relates:

def get_roll(player_name, roll_names):
print(f"Available rolls: {', '.join(roll_names)}"
# for index, r in enumerate(roll_names, start=1):
# print(f"{index}. {r}")

word_comp = word_completer(roll_names)
roll = prompt(f"{player_name}, what is your roll: ", completer=word_comp)

text = input(f"{player_name}, what is your roll?")
selected_index = int(text) - 1

if not roll or roll not in roll_names:
    print(f"Sorry {player_name}, {roll} is not valid!")
    return None

return roll

I'm not really sure how to use functions and what the functions' brackets do. My code was working perfectly before I started adding functions and then I tried following what the errors told me, but it's not working for me. Can someone please tell me what I have to do?

This lesson was a MESS.... i couldnt understand S***... you go so fast on everything....

You select, copy, paste, write so fast... i had to watch it 3 times and i still cand keep it up.

Thumb down!

I'm working through the lecture on building a Tic Tac Toe game. I have followed your suggestion of putting 3 None data types into my lists to build the board. Unfortunately, my program won't run because I keep the following errors:
//PycharmProjects/tictactoe/game.py:21: SyntaxWarning: list indices must be integers or slices, not tuple; perhaps you missed a comma?
[None, None, None]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "//PycharmProjects/tictactoe/game.py", line 77, in
main()
File "//PycharmProjects/tictactoe/game.py", line 21, in main
[None, None, None]
TypeError: list indices must be integers or slices, not tuple

Is there some way I can change the program to get it to run? I have been following the steps you've taken exactly but don't achieve the same results. Any direction you can provide would be helpful. Thank you.

I wish to add a Connect 4 game made in Python. I think it will be a great lesson involving def functions and classes.

Should I be separating this exercise into more functions:

My code is at : https://github.com/Morantz/python-for-absolute-beginners-course/blob/master/practices/ch06-organizing-code-with-functions/guessingfunctions.py

Thanks!
Dan

Hi Michael and everybody. This might be a pointless question but when introducing functions into our more "rudimentary" code and defining them, I see you "take in" (not sure what you mean by that) player_1 and player_2 into the "play_game" function. So:
def play_game(player_1, player_2):
I'm guessing this is because the function will need these two variables. But I don't understand why then, when defining the main() function at the top we change the names of these variables in the play_game function. "(player, ai)"
And furthermore, now that we have changed them we don't have to go back down to the defining play_game lines to change (player_1, player_2) into (player, ai)
To make the question simple I just don't understand why we needed to change these variables names only at the top when defining the main() function but leaving different variable names when defining the play_game function.

Thank you very much for your time!

Hello,

It might be a strange question but ive had a hard time installing git in windows (Yes, im stuck in the set up part of lecture). I actually dont undestand whats all the stuff its asking me. Do i just leave everything as is and install it? (Next, Next, Next)
What components should i install?
PyCharm is the text editor, but i tried to add it in other and the Test Custom editor fails.
Then there is the PATH Selection, the HTTPS, The line ending conversions, etc.

In short, I need a bit of guidence.

In PYCharm I installed the paths too, I hope that was right.

Thanks in advance for the help!

Hello. I'd like to translate this for my school assignment. Can I simply translate a few things?

In Ch 9 rpsgame.py, you use the variable "player1" in the main function, but everywhere else you use the variable "player_1". What's going on here? Your code works in the tutorial, but I'm unable to follow why. I'm also wondering if it's good practice to use both variables.

Thanks for your time,
Daniel

I am not able to get the virtual environment (neither in CMD or in the terminal) to interpret colors. What I'm getting is the ANSI escape codes instead of the actual colors.

Looking at StackOverflow, you'll need to also import init in colorama and add init(convert=True).

I just figured that out, but you may want to consider altering some the lectures. Or I totally missed it.

I have been having issues following along with getting errors that seemed inconsistent with what I thought I should be getting. So, I copied your source for Chapter 9 (linky) and I got the following errors:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "(you don't need to see my roots)/RPS1.py", line 181, in
main()
File "(you don't need to see my roots)/RPS1.py", line 14, in main
show_leaderboard()
File "(you don't need to see my roots)/RPS1.py", line 31, in show_leaderboard
leaders = load_leaders()
File "(you don't need to see my roots)/RPS1.py", line 152, in load_leaders
return json.load(fin)
File "(you don't need to see my roots)\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\json_init_.py", line 293, in load
return loads(fp.read(),
File "(you don't need to see my roots)Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\json_init_.py", line 357, in loads
return _default_decoder.decode(s)
File "(you don't need to see my roots)\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\json\decoder.py", line 337, in decode
obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=_w(s, 0).end())
File "(you don't need to see my roots)\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\json\decoder.py", line 355, in raw_decode
raise JSONDecodeError("Expecting value", s, err.value) from None
json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)

Process finished with exit code 1

I'm getting the same errors when I'm working on my own sheet along with you and I'm on the Demo: Saving Wins lecture.

So, if I'm reading this correctly, the JSON library is not consistent with what you are wanting it to do. How would I update this library?

There's a very real chance I'm doing something wrong here so forgive me. After copying the code from

python-for-absolute-beginners-course/code/06-organizing-code-with-functions/rocks-game/rpsgame.py

the program runs the header, lists available rolls, then requests a roll. after submitting a roll I ge thit with this error:

apologies if I'm missing something obvious, much appreciated.

I was trying to use the prompt_toolkit thing and the program crushed, here's the error that pycharm shows:
"ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'prompt_toolkit'"

It gives me the feeling that this is a trifle, and even so I haven't been able to fix it. Thank you in advance.