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house-rental's Introduction

'House Rental' 구현하기

Truffle과 Ganache(TestRPC)를 이용하여 손쉽게 Smart Contract 구현 및 배포하고 간단한 Dapp 애플리케이션을 구동시켜보는 실습입니다.

 

Part 1: 개발 환경 설정

1.1. Install the prerequisites

1.2. Project 디렉토리 생성하기

$ mkdir house-rental
$ cd house-rental

1.3. Truffle Scaffolding

$ truffle unbox pet-shop

✔︎ 다음과 같은 결과가 출력됩니다.

Downloading...
Unpacking...
Setting up...
Unbox successful. Sweet!

Commands:

  Compile:        truffle compile
  Migrate:        truffle migrate
  Test contracts: truffle test
  Run dev server: npm run dev

1.4.(Optional) 불필요한 파일 삭제하기

아래 이미지를 삭제합니다. (미사용)

$ rm box-img-lg.png
$ rm box-img-sm.png
$ rm -rf src/images/*.jpeg
$ rm src/pets.json

index.html과 app.js도 삭제합니다. (나중에 다른 내용으로 대체)

$ rm src/index.html
$ rm src/js/app.js

Part 2: Smart Contract 생성 / 컴파일 및 배포 / 테스트

2.1. Smart Contract 작성하기

$ vi contracts/LeaseProperty.sol

코드를 아래와 같이 수정하세요.

pragma solidity ^0.4.24;

contract LeaseProperty {

    address[16] public lessees;

    // Lease a property
    function lease(uint propertyId) public returns (uint) {
        require(propertyId >= 0 && propertyId <= 15);
        lessees[propertyId] = msg.sender;
        return propertyId;
    }

    // Retrieving the lessees
    function getLessees() public view returns (address[16]) {
        return lessees;
    }
}

2.2. Smart Contract 컴파일

$ truffle compile

✔︎ 다음과 같은 결과가 출력됩니다.

Compiling ./contracts/LeaseProperty.sol...
Compiling ./contracts/Migrations.sol...
Writing artifacts to ./build/contracts

2.3. 마이그레이션 코드 작성하기

$ vi migrations/2_deploy_contracts.js

코드를 아래와 같이 수정하세요.

var LeaseProperty = artifacts.require("./LeaseProperty.sol");

module.exports = function(deployer) {
  deployer.deploy(LeaseProperty);
};

Migrations/ 폴더에 default로 1_initial_migration.js 파일이 존재합니다. 이 파일은 Migrations.sol 컨트랙트의 배포를 관리하며, 변경되지 않은 컨트랙트를 이중 마이그레이션하지 않도록 보장합니다.

2.4. Ganache 실행하기 (개발환경)

Smart Contract를 블록체인에 마이그레이션(배포)하기 전에 먼저 블록체인을 실행해야합니다. 여기서는 개발 환경으로 Ganache (TestRPC)를 사용합니다.

2.5. Smart Contract 마이그레이션하기 (Ganache)

$ truffle migrate 

truffle.js파일에서 networks에 'development' 정보를 읽어 로컬 Ganache에 연결됩니다.

✔︎ 다음과 같은 결과가 출력됩니다.

Using network 'development'.

Running migration: 1_initial_migration.js
  Deploying Migrations...
  ... 0xb191d286c9a2fcab68b1218cafc7c40477b3c5c4e5987582b7b53004ae776c5a
  Migrations: 0x534774eee39ec144dd188399cfb0a49b63c2c005
Saving successful migration to network...
  ... 0x8c282e8b29cb0692ec8d37a36d43986dfbdd684c3af92db6b1f7b6f531e36317
Saving artifacts...
Running migration: 2_deploy_contracts.js
  Deploying LeaseProperty...
  ... 0x0804a39647b115bf060cd269feff909564e8aac975ba3860c2165bcff73e8f0e
  LeaseProperty: 0xfa124fc5290ac561b69bcf8a23d4128e7ac22e5d
Saving successful migration to network...
  ... 0x0d35af9affae169a12bb8cddaca285dc5a0ab2599cc60b46ebea8c1e70e2b0fb
Saving artifacts...

2.6. Ganache에서 블록체인의 상태가 변경 확인하기

Ganache를 통해 블록체인의 상태가 변경된 것을 확인합니다. 현재 블록이 이전에 0이었는데 블록이 4로 변경된 되고, 첫 번째 계정의 원래 100 ETH였지만 마이그레이션하는 데 드는 트랜잭션 비용으로 인해 이제는 더 낮아졌습니다. Alt text

2.7. Tests용 신규 파일 생성하기

$ vi test/TestLeaseProperty.sol

코드를 아래와 같이 수정하세요.

pragma solidity ^0.4.24;

import "truffle/Assert.sol";
import "truffle/DeployedAddresses.sol";
import "../contracts/LeaseProperty.sol";

contract TestLeaseProperty {
    LeaseProperty leaseProperty = LeaseProperty(DeployedAddresses.LeaseProperty());

    // Testing the lease() function
    function testUserCanLeaseProperty() public {
        uint returnedId = leaseProperty.lease(8);
        uint expected = 8;
        Assert.equal(returnedId, expected, "Lease of property ID 8 should be recorded.");
    }

    // Testing retrieval of a single property's owner
    function testGetLesseeAddressByPropertyId() public {
        // Expected owner is this contract
        address expected = this;
        address lessee = leaseProperty.lessees(8);
        Assert.equal(lessee, expected, "Owner of property ID 8 should be recorded.");
    }

    // Testing retrieval of all lessors
    function testGetLesseeAddressByPropertyIdInArray() public {
        // Expected owner is this contract
        address expected = this;
        // Store lessees in memory rather than contract's storage
        address[16] memory lessees = leaseProperty.getLessees();
        Assert.equal(lessees[8], expected, "Owner of property ID 8 should be recorded.");
    }
}

2.8. Test 실행하기

$ truffle test

✔︎ 만일 모든 테스트가 통과되면, 다음과 같은 결과가 출력됩니다.

Using network 'development'.

Compiling ./contracts/LeaseProperty.sol...
Compiling ./test/TestLeaseProperty.sol...
Compiling truffle/Assert.sol...
Compiling truffle/DeployedAddresses.sol...


  TestLeaseProperty
    ✓ testUserCanLeaseProperty (131ms)
    ✓ testGetLesseeAddressByPropertyId (131ms)
    ✓ testGetLesseeAddressByPropertyIdInArray (147ms)


  3 passing (1s)

Part 3: Smart Contract와 상호 작용하는 사용자 인터페이스 만들기

3.1. app.js 파일 수정하기

$ vi src/js/app.js

코드를 아래와 같이 수정하세요.

App = {
  web3Provider: null,
  contracts: {},

  init: function() {
    // Load properties.
    $.getJSON('../properties.json', function(data) {
      var propertiesRow = $('#propertiesRow');
      var propertyTemplate = $('#propertyTemplate');

      for (i = 0; i < data.length; i ++) {
        propertyTemplate.find('.panel-amount').text(data[i].amount);
        propertyTemplate.find('img').attr('src', data[i].picture);
        propertyTemplate.find('.property-address').text(data[i].address);
        propertyTemplate.find('.property-bedrooms').text(data[i].bedrooms);
        propertyTemplate.find('.property-location').text(data[i].location);
        propertyTemplate.find('.btn-lease').attr('data-id', data[i].id);

        propertiesRow.append(propertyTemplate.html());
      }
    });

    return App.initWeb3();
  },

  initWeb3: function() {
    // Is there an injected web3 instance?
    if (typeof web3 !== 'undefined') {
      App.web3Provider = web3.currentProvider;
    } else {
      // If no injected web3 instance is detected, fall back to Ganache
      App.web3Provider = new Web3.providers.HttpProvider('http://localhost:7545');
    }
    web3 = new Web3(App.web3Provider);
    return App.initContract();
  },

  initContract: function() {
    $.getJSON('LeaseProperty.json', function(data) {
      // Get the necessary contract artifact file and instantiate it with truffle-contract
      var LeasePropertyArtifact = data;
      App.contracts.LeaseProperty = TruffleContract(LeasePropertyArtifact);

      // Set the provider for our contract
      App.contracts.LeaseProperty.setProvider(App.web3Provider);

      // Use our contract to retrieve and mark the leased properties
      return App.markLeased();
    });

    return App.bindEvents();
  },

  bindEvents: function() {
    $(document).on('click', '.btn-lease', App.handleLease);
  },

  markLeased: function(lessees, account) {
    var leasePropertyInstance;

    App.contracts.LeaseProperty.deployed().then(function(instance) {
      leasePropertyInstance = instance;

      return leasePropertyInstance.getLessees.call();
    }).then(function(lessees) {
      for (i = 0; i < lessees.length; i++) {
        if (lessees[i] !== '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000') {
          $('.panel-property').eq(i).find('button').text('Purchased').attr('disabled', true);
        }
      }
    }).catch(function(err) {
      console.log(err.message);
    });
  },

  handleLease: function(event) {
    event.preventDefault();

    var propertyId = parseInt($(event.target).data('id'));

    var leasePropertyInstance;

    web3.eth.getAccounts(function(error, accounts) {
      if (error) {
        console.log(error);
      }

      var account = accounts[0];
      
      App.contracts.LeaseProperty.deployed().then(function(instance) {
        leasePropertyInstance = instance;

        // Execute lease as a transaction by sending account
        return leasePropertyInstance.lease(propertyId, {from: account});
      }).then(function(result) {
        return App.markLeased();
      }).catch(function(err) {
        console.log(err.message);
      });
    });
  }
};

$(function() {
  $(window).load(function() {
    App.init();
  });
});

3.2. the index.html 파일 수정하기

$ vi src/index.html

코드를 아래와 같이 수정하세요.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <!-- The above 3 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must come *after* these tags -->
    <title>HOUSE RENTAL</title>

    <!-- Bootstrap -->
    <link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

    <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->
    <!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// -->
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
      <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
      <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="container">
      <div class="row">
        <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-sm-push-2">
          <h1 class="text-center">House Rental Lists</h1>
          <hr/>
          <br/>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div id="propertiesRow" class="row">
        <!-- PROPERTIES LOAD HERE -->
      </div>
    </div>

    <div id="propertyTemplate" style="display: none;">
      <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3">
        <div class="panel panel-default panel-property">
          <div class="panel-heading">
            <h3 class="panel-amount">$1000 per week</h3>
          </div>
          <div class="panel-body">
            <img alt="140x140" data-src="holder.js/140x140" class="img-rounded img-center" style="width: 100%;" src="https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dapp-lease-house/images/house.png" data-holder-rendered="true">
            <br/><br/>
            <strong>Bedrooms</strong>: <span class="property-bedrooms">3</span><br/>            
            <strong>Address</strong>: <span class="property-address">123 Main St</span><br/>
            <strong>Location</strong>: <span class="property-location">Warren, MI</span><br/><br/>
            <button class="btn btn-default btn-lease" type="button" data-id="0">Lease</button>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <!-- jQuery (necessary for Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins) -->
    <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed -->
    <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    <script src="js/web3.min.js"></script>
    <script src="js/truffle-contract.js"></script>
    <script src="js/app.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>

3.3 properties.json 파일 생성하기

$ vi src/properties.json

코드를 아래와 같이 수정하세요.

[
  {
    "id": 0,
    "amount": "$750 per week",
    "picture": "https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dapp-lease-house/images/house-00.jpeg",
    "bedrooms": 3,
    "address": "1 Park Blvd",
    "location": "Lisco, Alabama"
  },
  {
    "id": 1,
    "amount": "$650 per week",
    "picture": "https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dapp-lease-house/images/house-01.jpeg",
    "bedrooms": 3,
    "address": "2 W Ash St ",
    "location": "Tooleville, West Virginia"
  },
  {
    "id": 2,
    "amount": "$1250 per week",
    "picture": "https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dapp-lease-house/images/house-02.jpeg",
    "bedrooms": 2,
    "address": "3 Broadway Ave",
    "location": "Freeburn, Idaho"
  },
  {
    "id": 3,
    "amount": "$800 per week",
    "picture": "https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dapp-lease-house/images/house-03.jpeg",
    "bedrooms": 2,
    "address": "4 Market St",
    "location": "Camas, Pennsylvania"
  },
  {
    "id": 4,
    "amount": "$900 per week",
    "picture": "https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dapp-lease-house/images/house-04.jpeg",
    "bedrooms": 2,
    "address": "5 Cedar Rd",
    "location": "Gerber, South Dakota"
  },
  {
    "id": 5,
    "amount": "$1100 per week",
    "picture": "https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dapp-lease-house/images/house-05.jpeg",
    "bedrooms": 3,
    "address": "6 Elm St",
    "location": "Innsbrook, Illinois"
  },
  {
    "id": 6,
    "amount": "$680 per week",
    "picture": "https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dapp-lease-house/images/house-06.jpeg",
    "bedrooms": 3,
    "address": "7 Island Ave",
    "location": "Soudan, Louisiana"
  },
  {
    "id": 7,
    "amount": "$700 per week",
    "picture": "https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dapp-lease-house/images/house-07.jpeg",
    "bedrooms": 3,
    "address": "8 Imperial Ave",
    "location": "Jacksonwald, Palau"
  },
  {
    "id": 8,
    "amount": "$850 per week",
    "picture": "https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dapp-lease-house/images/house-08.jpeg",
    "bedrooms": 2,
    "address": "9 National St",
    "location": "Honolulu, Hawaii"
  },
  {
    "id": 9,
    "amount": "$1120 per week",
    "picture": "https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dapp-lease-house/images/house-09.jpeg",
    "bedrooms": 3,
    "address": "10 Commercial Rd",
    "location": "Matheny, Utah"
  },
  {
    "id": 10,
    "amount": "$900 per week",
    "picture": "https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dapp-lease-house/images/house-10.jpeg",
    "bedrooms": 2,
    "address": "11 Harrison Rd",
    "location": "Tyhee, Indiana"
  },
  {
    "id": 11,
    "amount": "$770 per week",
    "picture": "https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dapp-lease-house/images/house-11.jpeg",
    "bedrooms": 3,
    "address": "12 Jullian St",
    "location": "Windsor, Montana"
  },
  {
    "id": 12,
    "amount": "$1300 per week",
    "picture": "https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dapp-lease-house/images/house-12.jpeg",
    "bedrooms": 3,
    "address": "13 Irving Ave",
    "location": "Kingstowne, Nevada"
  },
  {
    "id": 13,
    "amount": "$450 per week",
    "picture": "https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dapp-lease-house/images/house-13.jpeg",
    "bedrooms": 4,
    "address": "14 Valley Rd",
    "location": "Sultana, Massachusetts"
  },
  {
    "id": 14,
    "amount": "$1000 per week",
    "picture": "https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dapp-lease-house/images/house-14.jpeg",
    "bedrooms": 2,
    "address": "15 Clay St",
    "location": "Broadlands, Oregon"
  },
  {
    "id": 15,
    "amount": "$900 per week",
    "picture": "https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dapp-lease-house/images/house-15.jpeg",
    "bedrooms": 2,
    "address": "16 Franklin Ave",
    "location": "Dawn, Wisconsin"
  }
]

Part 4: 브라우저에서 dapp과 상호 작용

4.1. MetaMask 설치 및 세팅하기

  • 브라우저에 MetaMask를 설치합니다. https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/metamask/nkbihfbeogaeaoehlefnkodbefgpgknn?hl=en

  • 일단 설치가 완료되면, 주소 표시줄 옆에 MetaMask fox 아이콘을 볼수 있습니다.

  • Privacy Notice를 수락하기 위해서 'Accept' 버튼을 클릭합니다.

  • 그러면 사용조건(Term of Use)가 나타나며, 읽은 다음 밑으로 스크롤링 하고 역시 'Accept'를 클릭합니다.

  • 이제 초기 MetaMask 화면이 나타나면 'Import Existing DEN'을 클릭합니다. 아래에 Ganache의 Mnemonic과 비밀번호를 입력하고 'OK'를 클릭합니다. Alt text

  • MetaMask를 Ganache에 연결합니다. 'Main Network'가 표시된 메뉴를 클릭하고 Custom RPC를 선택하십시오.

  • 'New RPC URL'상자에 http://127.0.0.1:7545를 입력하고 'Save'을 클릭합니다.

  • 'Setting'옆에 있는 왼쪽 화살표를 클릭하여 페이지를 닫고 계정 페이지로 돌아갑니다. Alt text

4.2. dApp 구동하기

로컬 웹 서버를 시작합니다.

$ npm run dev
  • dev 서버가 실행되고 dapp이 포함된 새 브라우저 탭이 자동으로 열립니다.

  • dapp을 사용하기 위해 원하는 Lease 버튼을 클릭하세요. Alt text

  • MetaMask를 통해 트랜잭션을 승인하라는 메시지가 자동으로 표시됩니다. SUBMIT을 클릭하여 트랜잭션을 승인합니다.

  • Lease가 완료된 House의 경우 'Success'이라고 표시됩니다.

 

And we're all done on TestRPC!

 

☛ AWS 운영 배포하기 https://github.com/awslego/house-rental/blob/master/README_AWS_Deploy.md

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