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Intepretability for Sequence Generation Models 🔍

Inseq is a Pytorch-based hackable toolkit to democratize the access to common post-hoc interpretability analyses of sequence generation models.

Inseq is available on PyPI and can be installed with pip:

pip install inseq

Install extras for visualization in Jupyter Notebooks and 🤗 datasets attribution as pip install inseq[notebook,datasets].

cd inseq
make poetry-download # Download and install the Poetry package manager
make install # Installs the package and all dependencies

This example uses the Integrated Gradients attribution method to attribute the English-French translation of a sentence taken from the WinoMT corpus:

import inseq

model = inseq.load_model("Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt-en-fr", "integrated_gradients")
out = model.attribute(
  "The developer argued with the designer because her idea cannot be implemented.",
  n_steps=100
)
out.show()

This produces a visualization of the attribution scores for each token in the input sentence (token-level aggregation is handled automatically). Here is what the visualization looks like inside a Jupyter Notebook:

Inseq also supports decoder-only models such as GPT-2, enabling usage of a variety of attribution methods and customizable settings directly from the console:

import inseq

model = inseq.load_model("gpt2", "integrated_gradients")
model.attribute(
    "Hello ladies and",
    generation_args={"max_new_tokens": 9},
    n_steps=500,
    internal_batch_size=50
).show()

• Feature attribution of sequence generation for most ForConditionalGeneration (encoder-decoder) and ForCausalLM (decoder-only) models from 🤗 Transformers

• Support for single and batched attribution using multiple gradient-based feature attribution methods from Captum

• Post-hoc aggregation of feature attribution maps via Aggregator classes.

• Attribution visualization in notebooks, browser and command line.

• Command line interface for attributing single examples or entire 🤗 datasets.

• Custom attribution of target functions, supporting advanced usage for cases such as contrastive and uncertainty-weighted feature attributions.

• Extract and visualize custom scores (e.g. probability, entropy) for every generation step alongsides attribution maps.

• Attention-based and occlusion-based feature attribution methods (documented in #107 and #108).

• Interoperability with other interpretability libraries like ferret.

• Rich and interactive visualizations in a tabbed interface, possibly using Gradio Blocks.

The Inseq library also provides useful client commands to enable repeated attribution of individual examples and even entire 🤗 datasets directly from the console. See the available options by typing inseq -h in the terminal after installing the package.

For now, two commands are supported:

• ìnseq attribute: Wraps the attribute method shown above, requires explicit inputs to be attributed.

• inseq attribute-dataset: Enables attribution for a full dataset using Hugging Face datasets.load_dataset.

Both commands support the full range of parameters available for attribute, attribution visualization in the console and saving outputs to disk.

Example: The following command can be used to perform attribution (both source and target-side) of Italian translations for a dummy sample of 20 English sentences taken from the FLORES-101 parallel corpus, using a MarianNMT translation model from Hugging Face transformers. We save the visualizations in HTML format in the file attributions.html. See the --help flag for more options.

inseq attribute-dataset \
  --model_name_or_path Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt-en-it \
  --attribution_method saliency \
  --do_prefix_attribution \
  --dataset_name inseq/dummy_enit \
  --input_text_field en \
  --dataset_split "train[:20]" \
  --viz_path attributions.html \
  --batch_size 8 \
  --hide