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This project forked from open-mpi/ompi
Open MPI main development repository
License: Other
Copyright (c) 2004-2007 The Trustees of Indiana University and Indiana University Research and Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 2004-2015 The University of Tennessee and The University of Tennessee Research Foundation. All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 2004-2008 High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart, University of Stuttgart. All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 2004-2007 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 2006-2016 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 2006-2011 Mellanox Technologies. All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 2006-2012 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 2007 Myricom, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 2008 IBM Corporation. All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 2010 Oak Ridge National Labs. All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 2011 University of Houston. All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 2013-2015 Intel, Inc. All rights reserved Copyright (c) 2015 NVIDIA Corporation. All rights reserved. $COPYRIGHT$ Additional copyrights may follow $HEADER$ =========================================================================== When submitting questions and problems, be sure to include as much extra information as possible. This web page details all the information that we request in order to provide assistance: http://www.open-mpi.org/community/help/ The best way to report bugs, send comments, or ask questions is to sign up on the user's and/or developer's mailing list (for user-level and developer-level questions; when in doubt, send to the user's list): [email protected] [email protected] Because of spam, only subscribers are allowed to post to these lists (ensure that you subscribe with and post from exactly the same e-mail address -- [email protected] is considered different than [email protected]!). Visit these pages to subscribe to the lists: http://lists.open-mpi.org/mailman/listinfo/users http://lists.open-mpi.org/mailman/listinfo/devel Thanks for your time. =========================================================================== Much, much more information is also available in the Open MPI FAQ: https://www.open-mpi.org/faq/ =========================================================================== The following abbreviated list of release notes applies to this code base as of this writing (April 2015): General notes ------------- - Open MPI now includes two public software layers: MPI and OpenSHMEM. Throughout this document, references to Open MPI implicitly include both of these layers. When distinction between these two layers is necessary, we will reference them as the "MPI" and "OSHMEM" layers respectively. - OpenSHMEM is a collaborative effort between academia, industry, and the U.S. Government to create a specification for a standardized API for parallel programming in the Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS). For more information about the OpenSHMEM project, including access to the current OpenSHMEM specification, please visit: http://openshmem.org/ This OpenSHMEM implementation is provided on an experimental basis; it has been lightly tested and will only work in Linux environments. Although this implementation attempts to be portable to multiple different environments and networks, it is still new and will likely experience growing pains typical of any new software package. End-user feedback is greatly appreciated. This implementation will currently most likely provide optimal performance on Mellanox hardware and software stacks. Overall performance is expected to improve as other network vendors and/or institutions contribute platform specific optimizations. See below for details on how to enable the OpenSHMEM implementation. - Open MPI includes support for a wide variety of supplemental hardware and software package. When configuring Open MPI, you may need to supply additional flags to the "configure" script in order to tell Open MPI where the header files, libraries, and any other required files are located. As such, running "configure" by itself may not include support for all the devices (etc.) that you expect, especially if their support headers / libraries are installed in non-standard locations. Network interconnects are an easy example to discuss -- Libfabric and OpenFabrics networks, for example, both have supplemental headers and libraries that must be found before Open MPI can build support for them. You must specify where these files are with the appropriate options to configure. See the listing of configure command-line switches, below, for more details. - The majority of Open MPI's documentation is here in this file, the included man pages, and on the web site FAQ (https://www.open-mpi.org/). - Note that Open MPI documentation uses the word "component" frequently; the word "plugin" is probably more familiar to most users. As such, end users can probably completely substitute the word "plugin" wherever you see "component" in our documentation. For what it's worth, we use the word "component" for historical reasons, mainly because it is part of our acronyms and internal API function calls. - The run-time systems that are currently supported are: - rsh / ssh - LoadLeveler - PBS Pro, Torque - Platform LSF (v7.0.2 and later) - SLURM - Cray XE, XC, and XK - Oracle Grid Engine (OGE) 6.1, 6.2 and open source Grid Engine - Systems that have been tested are: - Linux (various flavors/distros), 32 bit, with gcc - Linux (various flavors/distros), 64 bit (x86), with gcc, Absoft, Intel, and Portland (*) - OS X (10.8, 10.9, 10.10, 10.11), 32 and 64 bit (x86_64), with XCode and Absoft compilers (*) (*) Be sure to read the Compiler Notes, below. - Other systems have been lightly (but not fully tested): - Cygwin 32 & 64 bit with gcc - ARMv4, ARMv5, ARMv6, ARMv7, ARMv8 - Other 64 bit platforms (e.g., Linux on PPC64) - Oracle Solaris 10 and 11, 32 and 64 bit (SPARC, i386, x86_64), with Oracle Solaris Studio 12.5 Compiler Notes -------------- - Open MPI requires a C99-capable compiler to build. - Mixing compilers from different vendors when building Open MPI (e.g., using the C/C++ compiler from one vendor and the Fortran compiler from a different vendor) has been successfully employed by some Open MPI users (discussed on the Open MPI user's mailing list), but such configurations are not tested and not documented. For example, such configurations may require additional compiler / linker flags to make Open MPI build properly. - In general, the latest versions of compilers of a given vendor's series have the least bugs. We have seen cases where Vendor XYZ's compiler version A.B fails to compile Open MPI, but version A.C (where C>B) works just fine. If you run into a compile failure, you might want to double check that you have the latest bug fixes and patches for your compiler. - Users have reported issues with older versions of the Fortran PGI compiler suite when using Open MPI's (non-default) --enable-debug configure option. Per the above advice of using the most recent version of a compiler series, the Open MPI team recommends using the latest version of the PGI suite, and/or not using the --enable-debug configure option. If it helps, here's what we have found with some (not comprehensive) testing of various versions of the PGI compiler suite: pgi-8 : NO known good version with --enable-debug pgi-9 : 9.0-4 known GOOD pgi-10: 10.0-0 known GOOD pgi-11: NO known good version with --enable-debug pgi-12: 12.10 known BAD due to C99 compliance issues, and 12.8 and 12.9 both known BAD with --enable-debug pgi-13: 13.10 known GOOD - Similarly, there is a known Fortran PGI compiler issue with long source directory path names that was resolved in 9.0-4 (9.0-3 is known to be broken in this regard). - IBM's xlf compilers: NO known good version that can build/link the MPI f08 bindings or build/link the OSHMEM Fortran bindings. - On NetBSD-6 (at least AMD64 and i386), and possibly on OpenBSD, libtool misidentifies properties of f95/g95, leading to obscure compile-time failures if used to build Open MPI. You can work around this issue by ensuring that libtool will not use f95/g95 (e.g., by specifying FC=<some_other_compiler>, or otherwise ensuring a different Fortran compiler will be found earlier in the path than f95/g95), or by disabling the Fortran MPI bindings with --disable-mpi-fortran. - Absoft 11.5.2 plus a service pack from September 2012 (which Absoft says is available upon request), or a version later than 11.5.2 (e.g., 11.5.3), is required to compile the new Fortran mpi_f08 module. - Open MPI does not support the Sparc v8 CPU target. However, as of Solaris Studio 12.1, and later compilers, one should not specify -xarch=v8plus or -xarch=v9. The use of the options -m32 and -m64 for producing 32 and 64 bit targets, respectively, are now preferred by the Solaris Studio compilers. GCC may require either "-m32" or "-mcpu=v9 -m32", depending on GCC version. - It has been noticed that if one uses CXX=sunCC, in which sunCC is a link in the Solaris Studio compiler release, that the OMPI build system has issue with sunCC and does not build libmpi_cxx.so. Therefore the make install fails. So we suggest that one should use CXX=CC, which works, instead of CXX=sunCC. - If one tries to build OMPI on Ubuntu with Solaris Studio using the C++ compiler and the -m32 option, you might see a warning: CC: Warning: failed to detect system linker version, falling back to custom linker usage And the build will fail. One can overcome this error by either setting LD_LIBRARY_PATH to the location of the 32 bit libraries (most likely /lib32), or giving LDFLAGS="-L/lib32 -R/lib32" to the configure command. Officially, Solaris Studio is not supported on Ubuntu Linux distributions, so additional problems might be incurred. - Open MPI does not support the gccfss compiler (GCC For SPARC Systems; a now-defunct compiler project from Sun). - At least some versions of the Intel 8.1 compiler seg fault while compiling certain Open MPI source code files. As such, it is not supported. - The Intel 9.0 v20051201 compiler on IA64 platforms seems to have a problem with optimizing the ptmalloc2 memory manager component (the generated code will segv). As such, the ptmalloc2 component will automatically disable itself if it detects that it is on this platform/compiler combination. The only effect that this should have is that the MCA parameter mpi_leave_pinned will be inoperative. - It has been reported that the Intel 9.1 and 10.0 compilers fail to compile Open MPI on IA64 platforms. As of 12 Sep 2012, there is very little (if any) testing performed on IA64 platforms (with any compiler). Support is "best effort" for these platforms, but it is doubtful that any effort will be expended to fix the Intel 9.1 / 10.0 compiler issuers on this platform. - Early versions of the Intel 12.1 Linux compiler suite on x86_64 seem to have a bug that prevents Open MPI from working. Symptoms including immediate segv of the wrapper compilers (e.g., mpicc) and MPI applications. As of 1 Feb 2012, if you upgrade to the latest version of the Intel 12.1 Linux compiler suite, the problem will go away. - Early versions of the Portland Group 6.0 compiler have problems creating the C++ MPI bindings as a shared library (e.g., v6.0-1). Tests with later versions show that this has been fixed (e.g., v6.0-5). - The Portland Group compilers prior to version 7.0 require the "-Msignextend" compiler flag to extend the sign bit when converting from a shorter to longer integer. This is is different than other compilers (such as GNU). When compiling Open MPI with the Portland compiler suite, the following flags should be passed to Open MPI's configure script: shell$ ./configure CFLAGS=-Msignextend CXXFLAGS=-Msignextend \ --with-wrapper-cflags=-Msignextend \ --with-wrapper-cxxflags=-Msignextend ... This will both compile Open MPI with the proper compile flags and also automatically add "-Msignextend" when the C and C++ MPI wrapper compilers are used to compile user MPI applications. - Using the MPI C++ bindings with older versions of the Pathscale compiler on some platforms is an old issue that seems to be a problem when Pathscale uses a back-end GCC 3.x compiler. Here's a proposed solution from the Pathscale support team (from July 2010): The proposed work-around is to install gcc-4.x on the system and use the pathCC -gnu4 option. Newer versions of the compiler (4.x and beyond) should have this fixed, but we'll have to test to confirm it's actually fixed and working correctly. We don't anticipate that this will be much of a problem for Open MPI users these days (our informal testing shows that not many users are still using GCC 3.x). Contact Pathscale support if you continue to have problems with Open MPI's C++ bindings. - Using the Absoft compiler to build the MPI Fortran bindings on Suse 9.3 is known to fail due to a Libtool compatibility issue. - MPI Fortran API support has been completely overhauled since the Open MPI v1.5/v1.6 series. ******************************************************************** ******************************************************************** *** There is now only a single Fortran MPI wrapper compiler and a *** single Fortran OSHMEM wrapper compiler: mpifort and oshfort, *** respectively. mpif77 and mpif90 still exist, but they are *** symbolic links to mpifort. ******************************************************************** *** Similarly, Open MPI's configure script only recognizes the FC *** and FCFLAGS environment variables (to specify the Fortran *** compiler and compiler flags, respectively). The F77 and FFLAGS *** environment variables are IGNORED. ******************************************************************** ******************************************************************** As a direct result, it is STRONGLY recommended that you specify a Fortran compiler that uses file suffixes to determine Fortran code layout (e.g., free form vs. fixed). For example, with some versions of the IBM XLF compiler, it is preferable to use FC=xlf instead of FC=xlf90, because xlf will automatically determine the difference between free form and fixed Fortran source code. However, many Fortran compilers allow specifying additional command-line arguments to indicate which Fortran dialect to use. For example, if FC=xlf90, you may need to use "mpifort --qfixed ..." to compile fixed format Fortran source files. You can use either ompi_info or oshmem_info to see with which Fortran compiler Open MPI was configured and compiled. There are up to three sets of Fortran MPI bindings that may be provided depending on your Fortran compiler): - mpif.h: This is the first MPI Fortran interface that was defined in MPI-1. It is a file that is included in Fortran source code. Open MPI's mpif.h does not declare any MPI subroutines; they are all implicit. - mpi module: The mpi module file was added in MPI-2. It provides strong compile-time parameter type checking for MPI subroutines. - mpi_f08 module: The mpi_f08 module was added in MPI-3. It provides many advantages over the mpif.h file and mpi module. For example, MPI handles have distinct types (vs. all being integers). See the MPI-3 document for more details. *** The mpi_f08 module is STRONGLY is recommended for all new MPI Fortran subroutines and applications. Note that the mpi_f08 module can be used in conjunction with the other two Fortran MPI bindings in the same application (only one binding can be used per subroutine/function, however). Full interoperability between mpif.h/mpi module and mpi_f08 module MPI handle types is provided, allowing mpi_f08 to be used in new subroutines in legacy MPI applications. Per the OSHMEM specification, there is only one Fortran OSHMEM binding provided: - shmem.fh: All Fortran OpenSHMEM programs **should** include 'shmem.fh', and Fortran OSHMEM programs that use constants defined by OpenSHMEM **MUST** include 'shmem.fh'. The following notes apply to the above-listed Fortran bindings: - All Fortran compilers support the mpif.h/shmem.fh-based bindings, with one exception: the MPI_SIZEOF interfaces will only be present when Open MPI is built with a Fortran compiler that support the INTERFACE keyword and ISO_FORTRAN_ENV. Most notably, this excludes the GNU Fortran compiler suite before version 4.9. - The level of support provided by the mpi module is based on your Fortran compiler. If Open MPI is built with a non-GNU Fortran compiler, or if Open MPI is built with the GNU Fortran compiler >= v4.9, all MPI subroutines will be prototyped in the mpi module. All calls to MPI subroutines will therefore have their parameter types checked at compile time. If Open MPI is built with an old gfortran (i.e., < v4.9), a limited "mpi" module will be built. Due to the limitations of these compilers, and per guidance from the MPI-3 specification, all MPI subroutines with "choice" buffers are specifically *not* included in the "mpi" module, and their parameters will not be checked at compile time. Specifically, all MPI subroutines with no "choice" buffers are prototyped and will receive strong parameter type checking at run-time (e.g., MPI_INIT, MPI_COMM_RANK, etc.). Similar to the mpif.h interface, MPI_SIZEOF is only supported on Fortran compilers that support INTERFACE and ISO_FORTRAN_ENV. - The mpi_f08 module is new and has been tested with the Intel Fortran compiler and gfortran >= 4.9. Other modern Fortran compilers may also work (but are, as yet, only lightly tested). It is expected that this support will mature over time. Many older Fortran compilers do not provide enough modern Fortran features to support the mpi_f08 module. For example, gfortran < v4.9 does provide enough support for the mpi_f08 module. You can examine the output of the following command to see all the Fortran features that are/are not enabled in your Open MPI installation: shell$ ompi_info | grep -i fort General Run-Time Support Notes ------------------------------ - The Open MPI installation must be in your PATH on all nodes (and potentially LD_LIBRARY_PATH (or DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH), if libmpi/libshmem is a shared library), unless using the --prefix or --enable-mpirun-prefix-by-default functionality (see below). - Open MPI's run-time behavior can be customized via MPI Component Architecture (MCA) parameters (see below for more information on how to get/set MCA parameter values). Some MCA parameters can be set in a way that renders Open MPI inoperable (see notes about MCA parameters later in this file). In particular, some parameters have required options that must be included. - If specified, the "btl" parameter must include the "self" component, or Open MPI will not be able to deliver messages to the same rank as the sender. For example: "mpirun --mca btl tcp,self ..." - If specified, the "btl_tcp_if_exclude" parameter must include the loopback device ("lo" on many Linux platforms), or Open MPI will not be able to route MPI messages using the TCP BTL. For example: "mpirun --mca btl_tcp_if_exclude lo,eth1 ..." - Running on nodes with different endian and/or different datatype sizes within a single parallel job is supported in this release. However, Open MPI does not resize data when datatypes differ in size (for example, sending a 4 byte MPI_DOUBLE and receiving an 8 byte MPI_DOUBLE will fail). MPI Functionality and Features ------------------------------ - Rank reordering support is available using the TreeMatch library. It is activated for the graph and dist_graph topologies. - All MPI-3 functionality is supported. - When using MPI deprecated functions, some compilers will emit warnings. For example: shell$ cat deprecated_example.c #include <mpi.h> void foo(void) { MPI_Datatype type; MPI_Type_struct(1, NULL, NULL, NULL, &type); } shell$ mpicc -c deprecated_example.c deprecated_example.c: In function 'foo': deprecated_example.c:4: warning: 'MPI_Type_struct' is deprecated (declared at /opt/openmpi/include/mpi.h:1522) shell$ - MPI_THREAD_MULTIPLE support is included, but is only lightly tested. It likely does not work for thread-intensive applications. Note that *only* the MPI point-to-point communication functions for the BTL's listed here are considered thread safe. Other support functions (e.g., MPI attributes) have not been certified as safe when simultaneously used by multiple threads. - tcp - sm - self Note that Open MPI's thread support is in a fairly early stage; the above devices may *work*, but the latency is likely to be fairly high. Specifically, efforts so far have concentrated on *correctness*, not *performance* (yet). YMMV. - MPI_REAL16 and MPI_COMPLEX32 are only supported on platforms where a portable C datatype can be found that matches the Fortran type REAL*16, both in size and bit representation. - The "libompitrace" library is bundled in Open MPI and is installed by default (it can be disabled via the --disable-libompitrace flag). This library provides a simplistic tracing of select MPI function calls via the MPI profiling interface. Linking it in to your application via (e.g., via -lompitrace) will automatically output to stderr when some MPI functions are invoked: shell$ cd examples/ shell$ mpicc hello_c.c -o hello_c -lompitrace shell$ mpirun -np 1 hello_c MPI_INIT: argc 1 Hello, world, I am 0 of 1 MPI_BARRIER[0]: comm MPI_COMM_WORLD MPI_FINALIZE[0] shell$ Keep in mind that the output from the trace library is going to stderr, so it may output in a slightly different order than the stdout from your application. This library is being offered as a "proof of concept" / convenience from Open MPI. If there is interest, it is trivially easy to extend it to printf for other MPI functions. Patches and/or suggestions would be greatfully appreciated on the Open MPI developer's list. OSHMEM Functionality and Features ------------------------------ - All OpenSHMEM-1.0 functionality is supported. MPI Collectives ----------- - The "hierarch" coll component (i.e., an implementation of MPI collective operations) attempts to discover network layers of latency in order to segregate individual "local" and "global" operations as part of the overall collective operation. In this way, network traffic can be reduced -- or possibly even minimized (similar to MagPIe). The current "hierarch" component only separates MPI processes into on- and off-node groups. Hierarch has had sufficient correctness testing, but has not received much performance tuning. As such, hierarch is not activated by default -- it must be enabled manually by setting its priority level to 100: mpirun --mca coll_hierarch_priority 100 ... We would appreciate feedback from the user community about how well hierarch works for your applications. - The "fca" coll component: the Mellanox Fabric Collective Accelerator (FCA) is a solution for offloading collective operations from the MPI process onto Mellanox QDR InfiniBand switch CPUs and HCAs. - The "ML" coll component is an implementation of MPI collective operations that takes advantage of communication hierarchies in modern systems. A ML collective operation is implemented by combining multiple independently progressing collective primitives implemented over different communication hierarchies, hence a ML collective operation is also referred to as a hierarchical collective operation. The number of collective primitives that are included in a ML collective operation is a function of subgroups(hierarchies). Typically, MPI processes in a single communication hierarchy such as CPU socket, node, or subnet are grouped together into a single subgroup (hierarchy). The number of subgroups are configurable at runtime, and each different collective operation could be configured to have a different of number of subgroups. The component frameworks and components used by/required for a "ML" collective operation. Frameworks: * "sbgp" - Provides functionality for grouping processes into subgroups * "bcol" - Provides collective primitives optimized for a particular communication hierarchy Components: * sbgp components - Provides grouping functionality over a CPU socket ("basesocket"), shared memory ("basesmuma"), Mellanox's ConnectX HCA ("ibnet"), and other interconnects supported by PML ("p2p") * BCOL components - Provides optimized collective primitives for shared memory ("basesmuma"), Mellanox's ConnectX HCA ("iboffload"), and other interconnects supported by PML ("ptpcoll") - The "cuda" coll component provides CUDA-aware support for the reduction type collectives with GPU buffers. This component is only compiled into the library when the library has been configured with CUDA-aware support. It intercepts calls to the reduction collectives, copies the data to staging buffers if GPU buffers, then calls underlying collectives to do the work. OSHMEM Collectives ----------- - The "fca" scoll component: the Mellanox Fabric Collective Accelerator (FCA) is a solution for offloading collective operations from the MPI process onto Mellanox QDR InfiniBand switch CPUs and HCAs. - The "basic" scoll component: Reference implementation of all OSHMEM collective operations. Network Support --------------- - There are three main MPI network models available: "ob1", "cm", and "yalla". "ob1" uses BTL ("Byte Transfer Layer") components for each supported network. "cm" uses MTL ("Matching Tranport Layer") components for each supported network. "yalla" uses the Mellanox MXM transport. - "ob1" supports a variety of networks that can be used in combination with each other: - OpenFabrics: InfiniBand, iWARP, and RoCE - Loopback (send-to-self) - Shared memory - TCP - Intel Phi SCIF - SMCUDA - Cisco usNIC - uGNI (Cray Gemini, Aries) - vader (XPMEM, Linux CMA, Linux KNEM, and general shared memory) - "cm" supports a smaller number of networks (and they cannot be used together), but may provide better overall MPI performance: - QLogic InfiniPath / Intel True Scale PSM - Intel Omni-Path PSM2 - Mellanox MXM - Portals4 - OpenFabrics Interfaces ("libfabric" tag matching) Open MPI will, by default, choose to use "cm" when one of the above transports can be used. Otherwise, "ob1" will be used and the corresponding BTLs will be selected. Users can force the use of ob1 or cm if desired by setting the "pml" MCA parameter at run-time: shell$ mpirun --mca pml ob1 ... or shell$ mpirun --mca pml cm ... - Similarly, there are two OSHMEM network models available: "yoda", and "ikrit". "yoda" also uses the BTL components for many supported network. "ikrit" interfaces directly with Mellanox MXM. - "yoda" supports a variety of networks that can be used: - OpenFabrics: InfiniBand, iWARP, and RoCE - Loopback (send-to-self) - Shared memory - TCP - "ikrit" only supports Mellanox MXM. - MXM is the Mellanox Messaging Accelerator library utilizing a full range of IB transports to provide the following messaging services to the upper level MPI/OSHMEM libraries: - Usage of all available IB transports - Native RDMA support - Progress thread - Shared memory communication - Hardware-assisted reliability - The usnic BTL is support for Cisco's usNIC device ("userspace NIC") on Cisco UCS servers with the Virtualized Interface Card (VIC). Although the usNIC is accessed via the OpenFabrics Libfabric API stack, this BTL is specific to the Cisco usNIC device. - uGNI is a Cray library for communicating over the Gemini and Aries interconnects. - The OpenFabrics Enterprise Distribution (OFED) software package v1.0 will not work properly with Open MPI v1.2 (and later) due to how its Mellanox InfiniBand plugin driver is created. The problem is fixed OFED v1.1 (and later). - Better memory management support is available for OFED-based transports using the "ummunotify" Linux kernel module. OFED memory managers are necessary for better bandwidth when re-using the same buffers for large messages (e.g., benchmarks and some applications). Unfortunately, the ummunotify module was not accepted by the Linux kernel community (and is still not distributed by OFED). But it still remains the best memory management solution for MPI applications that used the OFED network transports. If Open MPI is able to find the <linux/ummunotify.h> header file, it will build support for ummunotify and include it by default. If MPI processes then find the ummunotify kernel module loaded and active, then their memory managers (which have been shown to be problematic in some cases) will be disabled and ummunotify will be used. Otherwise, the same memory managers from prior versions of Open MPI will be used. The ummunotify Linux kernel module can be downloaded from: http://lwn.net/Articles/343351/ - The use of fork() with OpenFabrics-based networks (i.e., the openib BTL) is only partially supported, and only on Linux kernels >= v2.6.15 with libibverbs v1.1 or later (first released as part of OFED v1.2), per restrictions imposed by the OFED network stack. - Linux "knem" support is used when the "vader" or "sm" (shared memory) BTLs are compiled with knem support (see the --with-knem configure option) and the knem Linux module is loaded in the running kernel. If the knem Linux kernel module is not loaded, the knem support is (by default) silently deactivated during Open MPI jobs. See http://runtime.bordeaux.inria.fr/knem/ for details on Knem. - Linux Cross-Memory Attach (CMA) or XPMEM is used by the vader shared-memory BTL when the CMA/XPMEM libraries are installedm, respectively. Linux CMA and XPMEM are similar (but different) mechanisms for Open MPI to utilize single-copy semantics for shared memory. Open MPI Extensions ------------------- - An MPI "extensions" framework has been added (but is not enabled by default). See the "Open MPI API Extensions" section below for more information on compiling and using MPI extensions. - The following extensions are included in this version of Open MPI: - affinity: Provides the OMPI_Affinity_str() routine on retrieving a string that contains what resources a process is bound to. See its man page for more details. - cr: Provides routines to access to checkpoint restart routines. See ompi/mpiext/cr/mpiext_cr_c.h for a listing of available functions. - cuda: When the library is compiled with CUDA-aware support, it provides two things. First, a macro MPIX_CUDA_AWARE_SUPPORT. Secondly, the function MPIX_Query_cuda_support that can be used to query for support. - example: A non-functional extension; its only purpose is to provide an example for how to create other extensions. =========================================================================== Building Open MPI ----------------- Open MPI uses a traditional configure script paired with "make" to build. Typical installs can be of the pattern: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- shell$ ./configure [...options...] shell$ make all install --------------------------------------------------------------------------- There are many available configure options (see "./configure --help" for a full list); a summary of the more commonly used ones is included below. Note that for many of Open MPI's --with-<foo> options, Open MPI will, by default, search for header files and/or libraries for <foo>. If the relevant files are found, Open MPI will built support for <foo>; if they are not found, Open MPI will skip building support for <foo>. However, if you specify --with-<foo> on the configure command line and Open MPI is unable to find relevant support for <foo>, configure will assume that it was unable to provide a feature that was specifically requested and will abort so that a human can resolve out the issue. INSTALLATION OPTIONS --prefix=<directory> Install Open MPI into the base directory named <directory>. Hence, Open MPI will place its executables in <directory>/bin, its header files in <directory>/include, its libraries in <directory>/lib, etc. --disable-shared By default, libmpi and libshmem are built as a shared library, and all components are built as dynamic shared objects (DSOs). This switch disables this default; it is really only useful when used with --enable-static. Specifically, this option does *not* imply --enable-static; enabling static libraries and disabling shared libraries are two independent options. --enable-static Build libmpi and libshmem as static libraries, and statically link in all components. Note that this option does *not* imply --disable-shared; enabling static libraries and disabling shared libraries are two independent options. Be sure to read the description of --without-memory-manager, below; it may have some effect on --enable-static. --disable-wrapper-rpath By default, the wrapper compilers (e.g., mpicc) will enable "rpath" support in generated executables on systems that support it. That is, they will include a file reference to the location of Open MPI's libraries in the application executable itself. This means that the user does not have to set LD_LIBRARY_PATH to find Open MPI's libraries (e.g., if they are installed in a location that the run-time linker does not search by default). On systems that utilize the GNU ld linker, recent enough versions will actually utilize "runpath" functionality, not "rpath". There is an important difference between the two: "rpath": the location of the Open MPI libraries is hard-coded into the MPI/OSHMEM application and cannot be overridden at run-time. "runpath": the location of the Open MPI libraries is hard-coded into the MPI/OSHMEM application, but can be overridden at run-time by setting the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable. For example, consider that you install Open MPI vA.B.0 and compile/link your MPI/OSHMEM application against it. Later, you install Open MPI vA.B.1 to a different installation prefix (e.g., /opt/openmpi/A.B.1 vs. /opt/openmpi/A.B.0), and you leave the old installation intact. In the rpath case, your MPI application will always use the libraries from your A.B.0 installation. In the runpath case, you can set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable to point to the A.B.1 installation, and then your MPI application will use those libraries. Note that in both cases, however, if you remove the original A.B.0 installation and set LD_LIBRARY_PATH to point to the A.B.1 installation, your application will use the A.B.1 libraries. This rpath/runpath behavior can be disabled via --disable-wrapper-rpath. --enable-dlopen Build all of Open MPI's components as standalone Dynamic Shared Objects (DSO's) that are loaded at run-time (this is the default). The opposite of this option, --disable-dlopen, causes two things: 1. All of Open MPI's components will be built as part of Open MPI's normal libraries (e.g., libmpi). 2. Open MPI will not attempt to open any DSO's at run-time. Note that this option does *not* imply that OMPI's libraries will be built as static objects (e.g., libmpi.a). It only specifies the location of OMPI's components: standalone DSOs or folded into the Open MPI libraries. You can control whether Open MPI's libraries are build as static or dynamic via --enable|disable-static and --enable|disable-shared. --with-platform=FILE Load configure options for the build from FILE. Options on the command line that are not in FILE are also used. Options on the command line and in FILE are replaced by what is in FILE. NETWORKING SUPPORT / OPTIONS --with-fca=<directory> Specify the directory where the Mellanox FCA library and header files are located. FCA is the support library for Mellanox QDR switches and HCAs. --with-hcoll=<directory> Specify the directory where the Mellanox hcoll library and header files are located. This option is generally only necessary if the hcoll headers and libraries are not in default compiler/linker search paths. hcoll is the support library for MPI collective operation offload on Mellanox ConnectX-3 HCAs (and later). --with-knem=<directory> Specify the directory where the knem libraries and header files are located. This option is generally only necessary if the knem headers and libraries are not in default compiler/linker search paths. knem is a Linux kernel module that allows direct process-to-process memory copies (optionally using hardware offload), potentially increasing bandwidth for large messages sent between messages on the same server. See http://runtime.bordeaux.inria.fr/knem/ for details. --with-libfabric=<directory> Specify the directory where the OpenFabrics Interfaces libfabric library and header files are located. This option is generally only necessary if the libfabric headers and libraries are not in default compiler/linker search paths. Libfabric is the support library for OpenFabrics Interfaces-based network adapters, such as Cisco usNIC, Intel True Scale PSM, etc. --with-libfabric-libdir=<directory> Look in directory for the libfabric libraries. By default, Open MPI will look in <libfabric directory>/lib and <libfabric directory>/lib64, which covers most cases. This option is only needed for special configurations. --with-mxm=<directory> Specify the directory where the Mellanox MXM library and header files are located. This option is generally only necessary if the MXM headers and libraries are not in default compiler/linker search paths. MXM is the support library for Mellanox Network adapters. --with-mxm-libdir=<directory> Look in directory for the MXM libraries. By default, Open MPI will look in <mxm directory>/lib and <mxm directory>/lib64, which covers most cases. This option is only needed for special configurations. --with-portals4=<directory> Specify the directory where the Portals4 libraries and header files are located. This option is generally only necessary if the Portals4 headers and libraries are not in default compiler/linker search paths. Portals is a low-level network API for high-performance networking on high-performance computing systems developed by Sandia National Laboratories, Intel Corporation, and the University of New Mexico. The Portals 4 Reference Implementation is a complete implementation of Portals 4, with transport over InfiniBand verbs and UDP. --with-portals4-libdir=<directory> Location of libraries to link with for Portals4 support. --with-portals4-max-md-size=SIZE --with-portals4-max-va-size=SIZE Set configuration values for Portals 4 --with-psm=<directory> Specify the directory where the QLogic InfiniPath / Intel True Scale PSM library and header files are located. This option is generally only necessary if the PSM headers and libraries are not in default compiler/linker search paths. PSM is the support library for QLogic InfiniPath and Intel TrueScale network adapters. --with-psm-libdir=<directory> Look in directory for the PSM libraries. By default, Open MPI will look in <psm directory>/lib and <psm directory>/lib64, which covers most cases. This option is only needed for special configurations. --with-psm2=<directory> Specify the directory where the Intel Omni-Path PSM2 library and header files are located. This option is generally only necessary if the PSM2 headers and libraries are not in default compiler/linker search paths. PSM2 is the support library for Intel Omni-Path network adapters. --with-psm2-libdir=<directory> Look in directory for the PSM2 libraries. By default, Open MPI will look in <psm2 directory>/lib and <psm2 directory>/lib64, which covers most cases. This option is only needed for special configurations. --with-scif=<dir> Look in directory for Intel SCIF support libraries --with-verbs=<directory> Specify the directory where the verbs (also know as OpenFabrics, and previously known as OpenIB) libraries and header files are located. This option is generally only necessary if the verbs headers and libraries are not in default compiler/linker search paths. "OpenFabrics" refers to operating system bypass networks, such as InfiniBand, usNIC, iWARP, and RoCE (aka "IBoIP"). --with-verbs-libdir=<directory> Look in directory for the verbs libraries. By default, Open MPI will look in <verbs_directory>/lib and <verbs_ directory>/lib64, which covers most cases. This option is only needed for special configurations. --with-verbs-usnic This option will activate support in Open MPI for disabling a dire-sounding warning message from libibverbs that Cisco usNIC devices are not supported (because Cisco usNIC devices are supported through libfabric, not libibverbs). This libibverbs warning can also be suppressed by installing the "no op" libusnic_verbs plugin for libibverbs (see https://github.com/cisco/libusnic_verbs, or download binaries from cisco.com). This option is disabled by default because it causes libopen-pal.so to depend on libibverbs.so, which is undesirable to many downstream packagers. --with-usnic Abort configure if Cisco usNIC support cannot be built. RUN-TIME SYSTEM SUPPORT --enable-mpirun-prefix-by-default This option forces the "mpirun" command to always behave as if "--prefix $prefix" was present on the command line (where $prefix is the value given to the --prefix option to configure). This prevents most rsh/ssh-based users from needing to modify their shell startup files to set the PATH and/or LD_LIBRARY_PATH for Open MPI on remote nodes. Note, however, that such users may still desire to set PATH -- perhaps even in their shell startup files -- so that executables such as mpicc and mpirun can be found without needing to type long path names. --enable-orterun-prefix-by-default is a synonym for this option. --enable-sensors Enable internal sensors (default: disabled). --enable-orte-static-ports Enable orte static ports for tcp oob (default: enabled). --with-alps Force the building of for the Cray Alps run-time environment. If Alps support cannot be found, configure will abort. --with-loadleveler Force the building of LoadLeveler scheduler support. If LoadLeveler support cannot be found, configure will abort. --with-lsf=<directory> Specify the directory where the LSF libraries and header files are located. This option is generally only necessary if the LSF headers and libraries are not in default compiler/linker search paths. LSF is a resource manager system, frequently used as a batch scheduler in HPC systems. NOTE: If you are using LSF version 7.0.5, you will need to add "LIBS=-ldl" to the configure command line. For example: ./configure LIBS=-ldl --with-lsf ... This workaround should *only* be needed for LSF 7.0.5. --with-lsf-libdir=<directory> Look in directory for the LSF libraries. By default, Open MPI will look in <lsf directory>/lib and <lsf directory>/lib64, which covers most cases. This option is only needed for special configurations. --with-pmi Build PMI support (by default on non-Cray XE/XC systems, it is not built). On Cray XE/XC systems, the location of pmi is detected automatically as part of the configure process. For non-Cray systems, if the pmi2.h header is found in addition to pmi.h, then support for PMI2 will be built. --with-slurm Force the building of SLURM scheduler support. --with-sge Specify to build support for the Oracle Grid Engine (OGE) resource manager and/or the Open Grid Engine. OGE support is disabled by default; this option must be specified to build OMPI's OGE support. The Oracle Grid Engine (OGE) and open Grid Engine packages are resource manager systems, frequently used as a batch scheduler in HPC systems. --with-tm=<directory> Specify the directory where the TM libraries and header files are located. This option is generally only necessary if the TM headers and libraries are not in default compiler/linker search paths. TM is the support library for the Torque and PBS Pro resource manager systems, both of which are frequently used as a batch scheduler in HPC systems. MISCELLANEOUS SUPPORT LIBRARIES --with-blcr=<directory> Specify the directory where the Berkeley Labs Checkpoint / Restart (BLCR) libraries and header files are located. This option is generally only necessary if the BLCR headers and libraries are not in default compiler/linker search paths. This option is only meaningful if the --with-ft option is also used to active Open MPI's fault tolerance behavior. --with-blcr-libdir=<directory> Look in directory for the BLCR libraries. By default, Open MPI will look in <blcr directory>/lib and <blcr directory>/lib64, which covers most cases. This option is only needed for special configurations. --with-dmtcp=<directory> Specify the directory where the Distributed MultiThreaded Checkpointing (DMTCP) libraries and header files are located. This option is generally only necessary if the DMTCP headers and libraries are not in default compiler/linker search paths. This option is only meaningful if the --with-ft option is also used to active Open MPI's fault tolerance behavior. --with-dmtcp-libdir=<directory> Look in directory for the DMTCP libraries. By default, Open MPI will look in <dmtcp directory>/lib and <dmtcp directory>/lib64, which covers most cases. This option is only needed for special configurations. --with-libevent(=value) This option specifies where to find the libevent support headers and library. The following VALUEs are permitted: internal: Use Open MPI's internal copy of libevent. external: Use an external libevent installation (rely on default compiler and linker paths to find it) <no value>: Same as "internal". <directory>: Specify the location of a specific libevent installation to use By default (or if --with-libevent is specified with no VALUE), Open MPI will build and use the copy of libevent that it has in its source tree. However, if the VALUE is "external", Open MPI will look for the relevant libevent header file and library in default compiler / linker locations. Or, VALUE can be a directory tree where the libevent header file and library can be found. This option allows operating systems to include Open MPI and use their default libevent installation instead of Open MPI's bundled libevent. libevent is a support library that provides event-based processing, timers, and signal handlers. Open MPI requires libevent to build; passing --without-libevent will cause configure to abort. --with-libevent-libdir=<directory> Look in directory for the libevent libraries. This option is only usable when building Open MPI against an external libevent installation. Just like other --with-FOO-libdir configure options, this option is only needed for special configurations. --with-hwloc(=value) Build hwloc support (default: enabled). This option specifies where to find the hwloc support headers and library. The following values are permitted: internal: Use Open MPI's internal copy of hwloc. external: Use an external hwloc installation (rely on default compiler and linker paths to find it) <no value>: Same as "internal". <directory>: Specify the location of a specific hwloc installation to use By default (or if --with-hwloc is specified with no VALUE), Open MPI will build and use the copy of hwloc that it has in its source tree. However, if the VALUE is "external", Open MPI will look for the relevant hwloc header files and library in default compiler / linker locations. Or, VALUE can be a directory tree where the hwloc header file and library can be found. This option allows operating systems to include Open MPI and use their default hwloc installation instead of Open MPI's bundled hwloc. hwloc is a support library that provides processor and memory affinity information for NUMA platforms. --with-hwloc-libdir=<directory> Look in directory for the hwloc libraries. This option is only usable when building Open MPI against an external hwloc installation. Just like other --with-FOO-libdir configure options, this option is only needed for special configurations. --disable-hwloc-pci Disable building hwloc's PCI device-sensing capabilities. On some platforms (e.g., SusE 10 SP1, x86-64), the libpci support library is broken. Open MPI's configure script should usually detect when libpci is not usable due to such brokenness and turn off PCI support, but there may be cases when configure mistakenly enables PCI support in the presence of a broken libpci. These cases may result in "make" failing with warnings about relocation symbols in libpci. The --disable-hwloc-pci switch can be used to force Open MPI to not build hwloc's PCI device-sensing capabilities in these cases. Similarly, if Open MPI incorrectly decides that libpci is broken, you can force Open MPI to build hwloc's PCI device-sensing capabilities by using --enable-hwloc-pci. hwloc can discover PCI devices and locality, which can be useful for Open MPI in assigning message passing resources to MPI processes. --with-libltdl=<directory> Specify the directory where the GNU Libtool libltdl libraries and header files are located. This option is generally only necessary if the libltdl headers and libraries are not in default compiler/linker search paths. Note that this option is ignored if --disable-dlopen is specified. --disable-libompitrace Disable building the simple "libompitrace" library (see note above about libompitrace) --with-valgrind(=<directory>) Directory where the valgrind software is installed. If Open MPI finds Valgrind's header files, it will include additional support for Valgrind's memory-checking debugger. Specifically, it will eliminate a lot of false positives from running Valgrind on MPI applications. There is a minor performance penalty for enabling this option. MPI FUNCTIONALITY --with-mpi-param-check(=value) Whether or not to check MPI function parameters for errors at runtime. The following values are permitted: always: MPI function parameters are always checked for errors never: MPI function parameters are never checked for errors runtime: Whether MPI function parameters are checked depends on the value of the MCA parameter mpi_param_check (default: yes). yes: Synonym for "always" (same as --with-mpi-param-check). no: Synonym for "none" (same as --without-mpi-param-check). If --with-mpi-param is not specified, "runtime" is the default. --enable-mpi-thread-multiple Allows the MPI thread level MPI_THREAD_MULTIPLE. This is currently disabled by default. Enabling this feature will automatically --enable-opal-multi-threads. --enable-opal-multi-threads Enables thread lock support in the OPAL and ORTE layers. Does not enable MPI_THREAD_MULTIPLE - see above option for that feature. This is currently disabled by default. --enable-mpi-cxx Enable building the C++ MPI bindings (default: disabled). The MPI C++ bindings were deprecated in MPI-2.2, and removed from the MPI standard in MPI-3.0. --enable-mpi-java Enable building of an EXPERIMENTAL Java MPI interface (disabled by default). You may also need to specify --with-jdk-dir, --with-jdk-bindir, and/or --with-jdk-headers. See README.JAVA.txt for details. Note that this Java interface is INCOMPLETE (meaning: it does not support all MPI functionality) and LIKELY TO CHANGE. The Open MPI developers would very much like to hear your feedback about this interface. See README.JAVA.txt for more details. --enable-mpi-fortran(=value) By default, Open MPI will attempt to build all 3 Fortran bindings: mpif.h, the "mpi" module, and the "mpi_f08" module. The following values are permitted: all: Synonym for "yes". yes: Attempt to build all 3 Fortran bindings; skip any binding that cannot be built (same as --enable-mpi-fortran). mpifh: Build mpif.h support. usempi: Build mpif.h and "mpi" module support. usempif08: Build mpif.h, "mpi" module, and "mpi_f08" module support. none: Synonym for "no". no: Do not build any MPI Fortran support (same as --disable-mpi-fortran). This is mutually exclusive with building the OSHMEM Fortran interface. --enable-mpi-ext(=<list>) Enable Open MPI's non-portable API extensions. If no <list> is specified, all of the extensions are enabled. See "Open MPI API Extensions", below, for more details. --with-io-romio-flags=flags Pass flags to the ROMIO distribution configuration script. This option is usually only necessary to pass parallel-filesystem-specific preprocessor/compiler/linker flags back to the ROMIO system. --enable-sparse-groups Enable the usage of sparse groups. This would save memory significantly especially if you are creating large communicators. (Disabled by default) OSHMEM FUNCTIONALITY --disable-oshmem Disable building the OpenSHMEM implementation (by default, it is enabled). --disable-oshmem-fortran Disable building only the Fortran OSHMEM bindings. Please see the "Compiler Notes" section herein which contains further details on known issues with various Fortran compilers. MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONALITY --without-memory-manager Disable building Open MPI's memory manager. Open MPI's memory manager is usually built on Linux based platforms, and is generally only used for optimizations with some OpenFabrics-based networks (it is not *necessary* for OpenFabrics networks, but some performance loss may be observed without it). However, it may be necessary to disable the memory manager in order to build Open MPI statically. --with-ft=TYPE Specify the type of fault tolerance to enable. Options: LAM (LAM/MPI-like), cr (Checkpoint/Restart). Fault tolerance support is disabled unless this option is specified. --enable-peruse Enable the PERUSE MPI data analysis interface. --enable-heterogeneous Enable support for running on heterogeneous clusters (e.g., machines with different endian representations). Heterogeneous support is disabled by default because it imposes a minor performance penalty. *** THIS FUNCTIONALITY IS CURRENTLY BROKEN - DO NOT USE *** --with-wrapper-cflags=<cflags> --with-wrapper-cxxflags=<cxxflags> --with-wrapper-fflags=<fflags> --with-wrapper-fcflags=<fcflags> --with-wrapper-ldflags=<ldflags> --with-wrapper-libs=<libs> Add the specified flags to the default flags that used are in Open MPI's "wrapper" compilers (e.g., mpicc -- see below for more information about Open MPI's wrapper compilers). By default, Open MPI's wrapper compilers use the same compilers used to build Open MPI and specify a minimum set of additional flags that are necessary to compile/link MPI applications. These configure options give system administrators the ability to embed additional flags in OMPI's wrapper compilers (which is a local policy decision). The meanings of the different flags are: <cflags>: Flags passed by the mpicc wrapper to the C compiler <cxxflags>: Flags passed by the mpic++ wrapper to the C++ compiler <fcflags>: Flags passed by the mpifort wrapper to the Fortran compiler <ldflags>: Flags passed by all the wrappers to the linker <libs>: Flags passed by all the wrappers to the linker There are other ways to configure Open MPI's wrapper compiler behavior; see the Open MPI FAQ for more information. There are many other options available -- see "./configure --help". Changing the compilers that Open MPI uses to build itself uses the standard Autoconf mechanism of setting special environment variables either before invoking configure or on the configure command line. The following environment variables are recognized by configure: CC - C compiler to use CFLAGS - Compile flags to pass to the C compiler CPPFLAGS - Preprocessor flags to pass to the C compiler CXX - C++ compiler to use CXXFLAGS - Compile flags to pass to the C++ compiler CXXCPPFLAGS - Preprocessor flags to pass to the C++ compiler FC - Fortran compiler to use FCFLAGS - Compile flags to pass to the Fortran compiler LDFLAGS - Linker flags to pass to all compilers LIBS - Libraries to pass to all compilers (it is rarely necessary for users to need to specify additional LIBS) PKG_CONFIG - Path to the pkg-config utility For example: shell$ ./configure CC=mycc CXX=myc++ FC=myfortran ... *** NOTE: We generally suggest using the above command line form for setting different compilers (vs. setting environment variables and then invoking "./configure"). The above form will save all variables and values in the config.log file, which makes post-mortem analysis easier if problems occur. Note that if you intend to compile Open MPI with a "make" other than the default one in your PATH, then you must either set the $MAKE environment variable before invoking Open MPI's configure script, or pass "MAKE=your_make_prog" to configure. For example: shell$ ./configure MAKE=/path/to/my/make ... This could be the case, for instance, if you have a shell alias for "make", or you always type "gmake" out of habit. Failure to tell configure which non-default "make" you will use to compile Open MPI can result in undefined behavior (meaning: don't do that). Note that you may also want to ensure that the value of LD_LIBRARY_PATH is set appropriately (or not at all) for your build (or whatever environment variable is relevant for your operating system). For example, some users have been tripped up by setting to use a non-default Fortran compiler via FC, but then failing to set LD_LIBRARY_PATH to include the directory containing that non-default Fortran compiler's support libraries. This causes Open MPI's configure script to fail when it tries to compile / link / run simple Fortran programs. It is required that the compilers specified be compile and link compatible, meaning that object files created by one compiler must be able to be linked with object files from the other compilers and produce correctly functioning executables. Open MPI supports all the "make" targets that are provided by GNU Automake, such as: all - build the entire Open MPI package install - install Open MPI uninstall - remove all traces of Open MPI from the $prefix clean - clean out the build tree Once Open MPI has been built and installed, it is safe to run "make clean" and/or remove the entire build tree. VPATH and parallel builds are fully supported. Generally speaking, the only thing that users need to do to use Open MPI is ensure that <prefix>/bin is in their PATH and <prefix>/lib is in their LD_LIBRARY_PATH. Users may need to ensure to set the PATH and LD_LIBRARY_PATH in their shell setup files (e.g., .bashrc, .cshrc) so that non-interactive rsh/ssh-based logins will be able to find the Open MPI executables. =========================================================================== Open MPI Version Numbers and Binary Compatibility ------------------------------------------------- Open MPI has two sets of version numbers that are likely of interest to end users / system administrator: * Software version number * Shared library version numbers Both are predicated on Open MPI's definition of "backwards compatibility." NOTE: The version numbering conventions were changed with the release of v1.10.0. Most notably, Open MPI no longer uses an "odd/even" release schedule to indicate feature development vs. stable releases. See the README in releases prior to v1.10.0 for more information (e.g., https://github.com/open-mpi/ompi-release/blob/v1.8/README#L1392-L1475). Backwards Compatibility ----------------------- Open MPI version vY is backwards compatible with Open MPI version vX (where Y>X) if users can: * Users can compile a correct MPI / OSHMEM program with vX * Run it with the same CLI options and MCA parameters using vX or vY * The job executes correctly Note that this definition encompasses several things: * Application Binary Interface (ABI) * MPI / OSHMEM run time system * mpirun / oshrun command line options * MCA parameter names / values / meanings However, this definition only applies when the same version of Open MPI is used with all instances of the runtime and MPI / OSHMEM processes in a single MPI job. If the versions are not exactly the same everywhere, Open MPI is not guaranteed to work properly in any scenario. Software Version Number ----------------------- Official Open MPI releases use the common "A.B.C" version identifier format. Each of the three numbers has a specific meaning: * Major: The major number is the first integer in the version string Changes in the major number typically indicate a significant change in the code base and/or end-user functionality, and also indicate a break from backwards compatibility. Specifically: Open MPI releases with different major version numbers are not backwards compatibale with each other. CAVEAT: This rule does not extend to versions prior to v1.10.0. Specifically: v1.10.x is not guaranteed to be backwards compatible with other v1.x releases. * Minor: The minor number is the second integer in the version string. Changes in the minor number indicate a user-observable change in the code base and/or end-user functionality. Backwards compatibility will still be preserved with prior releases that have the same major version number (e.g., v2.5.3 is backwards compatible with v2.3.1). * Release: The release number is the third integer in the version string. Changes in the release number typically indicate a bug fix in the code base and/or end-user functionality. For example, if there is a release that only contains bug fixes and no other user-observable changes or new features, only the third integer will be increased (e.g., from v4.3.0 to v4.3.1). The "A.B.C" version number may optionally be followed by a Quantifier: * Quantifier: Open MPI version numbers sometimes have an arbitrary string affixed to the end of the version number. Common strings include: o aX: Indicates an alpha release. X is an integer indicating the number of the alpha release (e.g., v1.10.3a5 indicates the 5th alpha release of version 1.10.3). o bX: Indicates a beta release. X is an integer indicating the number of the beta release (e.g., v1.10.3b3 indicates the 3rd beta release of version 1.10.3). o rcX: Indicates a release candidate. X is an integer indicating the number of the release candidate (e.g., v1.10.3rc4 indicates the 4th release candidate of version 1.10.3). Nightly development snapshot tarballs use a different version number scheme; they contain three distinct values: * The most recent Git tag name on the branch from which the tarball was created. * An integer indicating how many Git commits have occurred since that Git tag. * The Git hash of the tip of the branch. For example, a snapshot tarball filename of "openmpi-v1.8.2-57-gb9f1fd9.tar.bz2" indicates that this tarball was created from the v1.8 branch, 57 Git commits after the "v1.8.2" tag, specifically at Git hash gb9f1fd9. Open MPI's Git master branch contains a single "dev" tag. For example, "openmpi-dev-8-gf21c349.tar.bz2" represents a snapshot tarball created from the master branch, 8 Git commits after the "dev" tag, specifically at Git hash gf21c349. The exact value of the "number of Git commits past a tag" integer is fairly meaningless; its sole purpose is to provide an easy, human-recognizable ordering for snapshot tarballs. Shared Library Version Number ----------------------------- The GNU Libtool official documentation details how the versioning scheme works. The quick version is that the shared library versions are a triple of integers: (current,revision,age), or "c:r:a". This triple is not related to the Open MPI software version number. There are six simple rules for updating the values (taken almost verbatim from the Libtool docs): 1. Start with version information of "0:0:0" for each shared library. 2. Update the version information only immediately before a public release of your software. More frequent updates are unnecessary, and only guarantee that the current interface number gets larger faster. 3. If the library source code has changed at all since the last update, then increment revision ("c:r:a" becomes "c:r+1:a"). 4. If any interfaces have been added, removed, or changed since the last update, increment current, and set revision to 0. 5. If any interfaces have been added since the last public release, then increment age. 6. If any interfaces have been removed since the last public release, then set age to 0. Here's how we apply those rules specifically to Open MPI: 1. The above rules do not apply to MCA components (a.k.a. "plugins"); MCA component .so versions stay unspecified. 2. The above rules apply exactly as written to the following libraries starting with Open MPI version v1.5 (prior to v1.5, libopen-pal and libopen-rte were still at 0:0:0 for reasons discussed in bug ticket #2092 https://svn.open-mpi.org/trac/ompi/ticket/2092): * libopen-rte * libopen-pal * libmca_common_* 3. The following libraries use a slightly modified version of the above rules: rules 4, 5, and 6 only apply to the official MPI and OpenSHMEM interfaces (functions, global variables). The rationale for this decision is that the vast majority of our users only care about the official/public MPI/OSHMEM interfaces; we therefore want the .so version number to reflect only changes to the official MPI/OSHMEM APIs. Put simply: non-MPI/OSHMEM API / internal changes to the MPI-application-facing libraries are irrelevant to pure MPI/OSHMEM applications. * libmpi * libmpi_mpifh * libmpi_usempi_tkr * libmpi_usempi_ignore_tkr * libmpi_usempif08 * libmpi_cxx * libmpi_java * liboshmem =========================================================================== Checking Your Open MPI Installation ----------------------------------- The "ompi_info" command can be used to check the status of your Open MPI installation (located in <prefix>/bin/ompi_info). Running it with no arguments provides a summary of information about your Open MPI installation. Note that the ompi_info command is extremely helpful in determining which components are installed as well as listing all the run-time settable parameters that are available in each component (as well as their default values). The following options may be helpful: --all Show a *lot* of information about your Open MPI installation. --parsable Display all the information in an easily grep/cut/awk/sed-able format. --param <framework> <component> A <framework> of "all" and a <component> of "all" will show all parameters to all components. Otherwise, the parameters of all the components in a specific framework, or just the parameters of a specific component can be displayed by using an appropriate <framework> and/or <component> name. --level <level> By default, ompi_info only shows "Level 1" MCA parameters -- parameters that can affect whether MPI processes can run successfully or not (e.g., determining which network interfaces to use). The --level option will display all MCA parameters from level 1 to <level> (the max <level> value is 9). Use "ompi_info --param <framework> <component> --level 9" to see *all* MCA parameters for a given component. See "The Modular Component Architecture (MCA)" section, below, for a fuller explanation. Changing the values of these parameters is explained in the "The Modular Component Architecture (MCA)" section, below. When verifying a new Open MPI installation, we recommend running six tests: 1. Use "mpirun" to launch a non-MPI program (e.g., hostname or uptime) across multiple nodes. 2. Use "mpirun" to launch a trivial MPI program that does no MPI communication (e.g., the hello_c program in the examples/ directory in the Open MPI distribution). 3. Use "mpirun" to launch a trivial MPI program that sends and receives a few MPI messages (e.g., the ring_c program in the examples/ directory in the Open MPI distribution). 4. Use "oshrun" to launch a non-OSHMEM program across multiple nodes. 5. Use "oshrun" to launch a trivial MPI program that does no OSHMEM communication (e.g., hello_shmem.c program in the examples/ directory in the Open MPI distribution.) 6. Use "oshrun" to launch a trivial OSHMEM program that puts and gets a few messages. (e.g., the ring_shmem.c in the examples/ directory in the Open MPI distribution.) If you can run all six of these tests successfully, that is a good indication that Open MPI built and installed properly. =========================================================================== Open MPI API Extensions ----------------------- Open MPI contains a framework for extending the MPI API that is available to applications. Each extension is usually a standalone set of functionality that is distinct from other extensions (similar to how Open MPI's plugins are usually unrelated to each other). These extensions provide new functions and/or constants that are available to MPI applications. WARNING: These extensions are neither standard nor portable to other MPI implementations! Compiling the extensions ------------------------ Open MPI extensions are all enabled by default; they can be disabled via the --disable-mpi-ext command line switch. Since extensions are meant to be used by advanced users only, this file does not document which extensions are available or what they do. Look in the ompi/mpiext/ directory to see the extensions; each subdirectory of that directory contains an extension. Each has a README file that describes what it does. Using the extensions -------------------- To reinforce the fact that these extensions are non-standard, you must include a separate header file after <mpi.h> to obtain the function prototypes, constant declarations, etc. For example: ----- #include <mpi.h> #if defined(OPEN_MPI) && OPEN_MPI #include <mpi-ext.h> #endif int main() { MPI_Init(NULL, NULL); #if defined(OPEN_MPI) && OPEN_MPI { char ompi_bound[OMPI_AFFINITY_STRING_MAX]; char current_binding[OMPI_AFFINITY_STRING_MAX]; char exists[OMPI_AFFINITY_STRING_MAX]; OMPI_Affinity_str(OMPI_AFFINITY_LAYOUT_FMT, ompi_bound, current_bindings, exists); } #endif MPI_Finalize(); return 0; } ----- Notice that the Open MPI-specific code is surrounded by the #if statement to ensure that it is only ever compiled by Open MPI. The Open MPI wrapper compilers (mpicc and friends) should automatically insert all relevant compiler and linker flags necessary to use the extensions. No special flags or steps should be necessary compared to "normal" MPI applications. =========================================================================== Compiling Open MPI Applications ------------------------------- Open MPI provides "wrapper" compilers that should be used for compiling MPI and OSHMEM applications: C: mpicc, oshcc C++: mpiCC, oshCC (or mpic++ if your filesystem is case-insensitive) Fortran: mpifort, oshfort For example: shell$ mpicc hello_world_mpi.c -o hello_world_mpi -g shell$ For OSHMEM applications: shell$ oshcc hello_shmem.c -o hello_shmem -g shell$ All the wrapper compilers do is add a variety of compiler and linker flags to the command line and then invoke a back-end compiler. To be specific: the wrapper compilers do not parse source code at all; they are solely command-line manipulators, and have nothing to do with the actual compilation or linking of programs. The end result is an MPI executable that is properly linked to all the relevant libraries. Customizing the behavior of the wrapper compilers is possible (e.g., changing the compiler [not recommended] or specifying additional compiler/linker flags); see the Open MPI FAQ for more information. Alternatively, Open MPI also installs pkg-config(1) configuration files under $libdir/pkgconfig. If pkg-config is configured to find these files, then compiling / linking Open MPI programs can be performed like this: shell$ gcc hello_world_mpi.c -o hello_world_mpi -g \ `pkg-config ompi-c --cflags --libs` shell$ Open MPI supplies multiple pkg-config(1) configuration files; one for each different wrapper compiler (language): ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ompi Synonym for "ompi-c"; Open MPI applications using the C MPI bindings ompi-c Open MPI applications using the C MPI bindings ompi-cxx Open MPI applications using the C or C++ MPI bindings ompi-fort Open MPI applications using the Fortran MPI bindings ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The following pkg-config(1) configuration files *may* be installed, depending on which command line options were specified to Open MPI's configure script. They are not necessary for MPI applications, but may be used by applications that use Open MPI's lower layer support libraries. orte: Open MPI Run-Time Environment applications opal: Open Portable Access Layer applications =========================================================================== Running Open MPI Applications ----------------------------- Open MPI supports both mpirun and mpiexec (they are exactly equivalent) to launch MPI applications. For example: shell$ mpirun -np 2 hello_world_mpi or shell$ mpiexec -np 1 hello_world_mpi : -np 1 hello_world_mpi are equivalent. Some of mpiexec's switches (such as -host and -arch) are not yet functional, although they will not error if you try to use them. The rsh launcher (which defaults to using ssh) accepts a -hostfile parameter (the option "-machinefile" is equivalent); you can specify a -hostfile parameter indicating an standard mpirun-style hostfile (one hostname per line): shell$ mpirun -hostfile my_hostfile -np 2 hello_world_mpi If you intend to run more than one process on a node, the hostfile can use the "slots" attribute. If "slots" is not specified, a count of 1 is assumed. For example, using the following hostfile: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- node1.example.com node2.example.com node3.example.com slots=2 node4.example.com slots=4 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- shell$ mpirun -hostfile my_hostfile -np 8 hello_world_mpi will launch MPI_COMM_WORLD rank 0 on node1, rank 1 on node2, ranks 2 and 3 on node3, and ranks 4 through 7 on node4. Other starters, such as the resource manager / batch scheduling environments, do not require hostfiles (and will ignore the hostfile if it is supplied). They will also launch as many processes as slots have been allocated by the scheduler if no "-np" argument has been provided. For example, running a SLURM job with 8 processors: shell$ salloc -n 8 mpirun a.out The above command will reserve 8 processors and run 1 copy of mpirun, which will, in turn, launch 8 copies of a.out in a single MPI_COMM_WORLD on the processors that were allocated by SLURM. Note that the values of component parameters can be changed on the mpirun / mpiexec command line. This is explained in the section below, "The Modular Component Architecture (MCA)". Open MPI supports oshrun to launch OSHMEM applications. For example: shell$ oshrun -np 2 hello_world_oshmem OSHMEM applications may also be launched directly by resource managers such as SLURM. For example, when OMPI is configured --with-pmi and --with-slurm one may launch OSHMEM applications via srun: shell$ srun -N 2 hello_world_oshmem =========================================================================== The Modular Component Architecture (MCA) The MCA is the backbone of Open MPI -- most services and functionality are implemented through MCA components. Here is a list of all the component frameworks in Open MPI: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- MPI component frameworks: ------------------------- bcol - Base collective operations bml - BTL management layer coll - MPI collective algorithms crcp - Checkpoint/restart coordination protocol fbtl - file byte transfer layer: abstraction for individual read/write operations for OMPIO fcoll - collective read and write operations for MPI I/O fs - file system functions for MPI I/O io - MPI I/O mtl - Matching transport layer, used for MPI point-to-point messages on some types of networks op - Back end computations for intrinsic MPI_Op operators osc - MPI one-sided communications pml - MPI point-to-point management layer rte - Run-time environment operations sbgp - Collective operation sub-group sharedfp - shared file pointer operations for MPI I/O topo - MPI topology routines vprotocol - Protocols for the "v" PML OSHMEM component frameworks: ------------------------- atomic - OSHMEM atomic operations memheap - OSHMEM memory allocators that support the PGAS memory model scoll - OSHMEM collective operations spml - OSHMEM "pml-like" layer: supports one-sided, point-to-point operations sshmem - OSHMEM shared memory backing facility Back-end run-time environment (RTE) component frameworks: --------------------------------------------------------- dfs - Distributed file system errmgr - RTE error manager ess - RTE environment-specific services filem - Remote file management grpcomm - RTE group communications iof - I/O forwarding notifier - System-level notification support odls - OpenRTE daemon local launch subsystem oob - Out of band messaging plm - Process lifecycle management ras - Resource allocation system rmaps - Resource mapping system rml - RTE message layer routed - Routing table for the RML rtc - Run-time control framework schizo - OpenRTE personality framework snapc - Snapshot coordination sstore - Distributed scalable storage state - RTE state machine Miscellaneous frameworks: ------------------------- allocator - Memory allocator backtrace - Debugging call stack backtrace support btl - point-to-point Byte Transfer Layer compress - Compression algorithms crs - Checkpoint and restart service dl - Dynamic loading library interface event - Event library (libevent) versioning support hwloc - Hardware locality (hwloc) versioning support if - OS IP interface support installdirs - Installation directory relocation services memchecker - Run-time memory checking memcpy - Memory copy support memory - Memory management hooks mpool - Memory pooling patcher - Symbol patcher hooks pmix - Process management interface (exascale) pstat - Process status rcache - Memory registration cache reachable - Network reachability computations sec - Security framework shmem - Shared memory support (NOT related to OSHMEM) timer - High-resolution timers --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Each framework typically has one or more components that are used at run-time. For example, the btl framework is used by the MPI layer to send bytes across different types underlying networks. The tcp btl, for example, sends messages across TCP-based networks; the openib btl sends messages across OpenFabrics-based networks. Each component typically has some tunable parameters that can be changed at run-time. Use the ompi_info command to check a component to see what its tunable parameters are. For example: shell$ ompi_info --param btl tcp shows a some of parameters (and default values) for the tcp btl component. Note that ompi_info only shows a small number a component's MCA parameters by default. Each MCA parameter has a "level" value from 1 to 9, corresponding to the MPI-3 MPI_T tool interface levels. In Open MPI, we have interpreted these nine levels as three groups of three: 1. End user / basic 2. End user / detailed 3. End user / all 4. Application tuner / basic 5. Application tuner / detailed 6. Application tuner / all 7. MPI/OSHMEM developer / basic 8. MPI/OSHMEM developer / detailed 9. MPI/OSHMEM developer / all Here's how the three sub-groups are defined: 1. End user: Generally, these are parameters that are required for correctness, meaning that someone may need to set these just to get their MPI/OSHMEM application to run correctly. 2. Application tuner: Generally, these are parameters that can be used to tweak MPI application performance. 3. MPI/OSHMEM developer: Parameters that either don't fit in the other two, or are specifically intended for debugging / development of Open MPI itself. Each sub-group is broken down into three classifications: 1. Basic: For parameters that everyone in this category will want to see. 2. Detailed: Parameters that are useful, but you probably won't need to change them often. 3. All: All other parameters -- probably including some fairly esoteric parameters. To see *all* available parameters for a given component, specify that ompi_info should use level 9: shell$ ompi_info --param btl tcp --level 9 These values can be overridden at run-time in several ways. At run-time, the following locations are examined (in order) for new values of parameters: 1. <prefix>/etc/openmpi-mca-params.conf This file is intended to set any system-wide default MCA parameter values -- it will apply, by default, to all users who use this Open MPI installation. The default file that is installed contains many comments explaining its format. 2. $HOME/.openmpi/mca-params.conf If this file exists, it should be in the same format as <prefix>/etc/openmpi-mca-params.conf. It is intended to provide per-user default parameter values. 3. environment variables of the form OMPI_MCA_<name> set equal to a <value> Where <name> is the name of the parameter. For example, set the variable named OMPI_MCA_btl_tcp_frag_size to the value 65536 (Bourne-style shells): shell$ OMPI_MCA_btl_tcp_frag_size=65536 shell$ export OMPI_MCA_btl_tcp_frag_size 4. the mpirun/oshrun command line: --mca <name> <value> Where <name> is the name of the parameter. For example: shell$ mpirun --mca btl_tcp_frag_size 65536 -np 2 hello_world_mpi These locations are checked in order. For example, a parameter value passed on the mpirun command line will override an environment variable; an environment variable will override the system-wide defaults. Each component typically activates itself when relevant. For example, the MX component will detect that MX devices are present and will automatically be used for MPI communications. The SLURM component will automatically detect when running inside a SLURM job and activate itself. And so on. Components can be manually activated or deactivated if necessary, of course. The most common components that are manually activated, deactivated, or tuned are the "BTL" components -- components that are used for MPI point-to-point communications on many types common networks. For example, to *only* activate the TCP and "self" (process loopback) components are used for MPI communications, specify them in a comma-delimited list to the "btl" MCA parameter: shell$ mpirun --mca btl tcp,self hello_world_mpi To add shared memory support, add "sm" into the command-delimited list (list order does not matter): shell$ mpirun --mca btl tcp,sm,self hello_world_mpi To specifically deactivate a specific component, the comma-delimited list can be prepended with a "^" to negate it: shell$ mpirun --mca btl ^tcp hello_mpi_world The above command will use any other BTL component other than the tcp component. =========================================================================== Common Questions ---------------- Many common questions about building and using Open MPI are answered on the FAQ: https://www.open-mpi.org/faq/ =========================================================================== Got more questions? ------------------- Found a bug? Got a question? Want to make a suggestion? Want to contribute to Open MPI? Please let us know! When submitting questions and problems, be sure to include as much extra information as possible. This web page details all the information that we request in order to provide assistance: https://www.open-mpi.org/community/help/ User-level questions and comments should generally be sent to the user's mailing list ([email protected]). Because of spam, only subscribers are allowed to post to this list (ensure that you subscribe with and post from *exactly* the same e-mail address -- [email protected] is considered different than [email protected]!). Visit this page to subscribe to the user's list: http://lists.open-mpi.org/mailman/listinfo/users Developer-level bug reports, questions, and comments should generally be sent to the developer's mailing list ([email protected]). Please do not post the same question to both lists. As with the user's list, only subscribers are allowed to post to the developer's list. Visit the following web page to subscribe: http://lists.open-mpi.org/mailman/listinfo/devel Make today an Open MPI day!
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