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DR算法

记录IMU为$b$系, 车体为$v$系,导航坐标系为$n$系,忽略地球自转,则$n$系与惯性坐标系$i$系以及世界坐标系$w$系重合。 以$b$系为定位中心,以b系在$n$系下的角度$\bm{R}^n_b$,速度$\bm{v}^n_b$,加速度计偏置$\bm{b}_a$为状态变量,则系统状态方程可以写为: $$ \begin{equation} \begin{bmatrix} \dot{\bm{R}}^n_b \
\dot{\bm{v}}^n_b \ \dot{\bm{b}}_a \end{bmatrix}

\begin{bmatrix} \bm{R}b^n \cdot \bm{\omega}^b{nb} \
\bm{R}b^n (\bm{f^b{nb}} - \bm{b_a}) + \bm{g}^n \ \bm{0} \end{bmatrix} \end{equation} $$

在公式中,$\bm{R}b^n$为$b$系在$n$系下的旋转矩阵,$\bm{\omega}^b{nb}$为$b$系在$n$系下的角速度,$\bm{f^b_{nb}}$为加速度计读数,$\bm{g}^n$为重力加速度。

同时,将上边的公式改为误差形式,参考高博的书《自动驾驶中的SLAM技术》,可以将上边的系统状态方程改写为:

$$ \begin{equation} \begin{bmatrix} \delta \dot{\bm{\theta}} \
\delta \dot{\bm{v}} \ \delta \dot{\bm{b}}_a \end{bmatrix}

\begin{bmatrix} \bm{R}b^n \cdot \bm{\omega}^b{nb} \
\bm{R}b^n (\bm{f^b{nb}} - \bm{b_a}) + \bm{g}^n \ \bm{0} \end{bmatrix} \end{equation} $$

其中,为$b$系在$n$系下的旋转误差,$\bm{e}_v^n_b$为$b$系在$n$系下的速度误差,$\bm{e}_b_a$为加速度计偏置误差。

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