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a company wants to increase the reliability of its network and is piloting hardware enhancements in one of the data centers prior to a full-scale roll out. To facilitate the routing of the incoming packets, there is a network of N routers in the data center. Every router is connected to every other router of the network either through a direct link or via some other routers.

to increase the fault tolerance of the network, the company wants to identify routers which would result in a disconnected network if they went down and add replicas of these routers to the network.

Write an algorithm to identify all such routers that need to be connected to the network all the time.

Input: the input to the function/method consists of three arguments: numRouters, an integer representing the number of routers in the data center (>=3) numLinks, an integer representing the number of links between the pair of routers. Links, a list of pairs of integers - A ,B reprensenting a link between the routers A and B. the network will be connected.

numRouters = 7
numLinks = 7
links = [[1,2],[1,3],[2,4],[3,4],[3,6],[6,7],[4,5]]

Output:

Return a list of integers representing the routers which need to be connected to the network all the time.

[3 , 4 , 6]

A company plans to open stores downtown in the city of Techlandia. Downtown Techlandia consists of city blocks, represented as a grid of M*N blocks. Each block represents either building denoted by 1 or open land area denoted by 0. Adjacent blocks with value 1 are considered clusters of buildings. Diagonal blocks with value 1 are not considered part of the same cluster. this company plans to have a store in each cluster of buildings.

Write an algorithm to find the number of stores that this company can open in downtown Techlandia.

Input: the input to the function/method consists of three arguments: rows, an integer representing the number of rows in the grid. columns, an integer representing the number of columns in the grid. grid, a two-dimensional integer array representing downtown Techlandia.

rows = 5
columns = 4
grid = [
   [ 1, 1, 0, 0 ]
   [ 0, 0, 1, 0 ]
   [ 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
   [ 1, 0, 1, 1 ]
   [ 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
]

Output: Returns an integer representing the number of stores that this company could build in downtown Techlandia.

output : 3