Authors: Parantak Singh, You Li, Ankur Sikarwar, Weixian Lei, Daniel Gao, Morgan Bruce Talbot, Ying Sun, Mike Zheng Shou, Gabriel Kreiman, Mengmi Zhang
This work has been accepted to the Internation Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) 2023.

Access to our unofficial manuscript HERE, supplementary material HERE, poster HERE and presentation video HERE.

Our education system comprises a series of curricula. For example, when we learn mathematics at school, we learn in order from addition to multiplication, and later to integration. Delineating a curriculum for teaching either a human or a machine shares the underlying goal of maximizing the positive knowledge transfer from early to later tasks and minimizing forgetting of the early tasks. Here, we exhaustively surveyed the effect of curricula on existing continual learning algorithms in the class-incremental setting, where algorithms must learn classes one at a time from a single pass of the data stream. We observed that across a breadth of possible class orders (curricula), curricula influence the retention of information and that this effect is not just a product of stochasticity. Further, as a primary effort toward automated curriculum design, we proposed a method capable of designing and ranking effective curricula based on inter-class feature similarities. We compared the predicted curricula against empirically determined effective curricula and observed significant overlaps between the two. To support the study of a curriculum designer, we conducted a series of human psychophysics experiments and contributed a new continual learning benchmark in object recognition. We assessed the degree of agreement in effective curricula between humans and machines. Our curriculum designer predicts a reasonable set of curricula that is effective for human learning. There are many considerations in curriculum designs, such as timely student feedback and learning with multiple modalities. Our study is the first attempt to set a standard framework for the community to tackle the problem of teaching humans and machines to learn to learn continuously.

Download the NOD dataset from HERE
Extract the dataset to Learning2Learn/continual baselines/data/

PyTorch Dataset for each of our custom tasks can be found in Learning2Learn/continual baselines/utils/custom_datasets.py

• tested with python 3.8 and cuda 11.3
• dependencies can be installed using /requirements.txt

After extracting the NOD dataset, run the following command from Learning2Learn/continual baselines directory to extract logs on dataset 'x' with strategy 'y'
Do not set the -logging_only argument if you want to train from scratch

• dataset - (FashionMNIST/MNIST/CIFAR10)
  strategy - (naive/ewc/lwf)
  python paradigm-I.py --num_subset_classes 5 --num_runs 3 --logging_only True --dataset x --strategy y

• dataset - (NOD)
  strategy - (naive/ewc/lwf)
  python paradigm-I.py --num_experiences 4 --num_runs 3 --logging_only True --dataset NovelNet --strategy y

  *to generate agreement between curricula
  set the follwing args with logging: --strategy_comparison True --no_avg_strategy True

Refer to Learning2Learn/continual baselines/help.md for possible arguments.

To launch the psychophysics experiments highlighted in the paper, refer to the following repository: NOD-Experiment