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ila's Introduction

Introduction to Linear Algebra

This is the source code repository for the online textbook Introduction to Linear Algebra.

The latest version of the book can be found here: http://textbooks.math.gatech.edu/ila/

You might want to submit a comment or suggestion using the Issues tab at the top of the page.

Have a look at DEVELOP.md if you are interested in contributing.

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ila's Issues

Feedback on least-squares

In the section in Interactive Linear Algebra about Least Squares(the ellipse) I believe the RREF calculations is not correct.
The textbooko says the RREF form is
[[1,0,0,0,0,405/266],
[0,1,0,0,0,−89/133],
[0,0,1,0,0,201/133],
[0,0,0,1,0,−123/266],
[0,0,0,0,1,−687/133]]

But I believe it should be

[['1' '0' '0' '0' '0' '10355/8574'],
['0' '1' '0' '0' '0' '-102/1429'],
['0' '0' '1' '0' '0' '1623/1429'],
['0' '0' '0' '1' '0' '-2499/2858'],
['0' '0' '0' '0' '1' '-20113/4287']]

I have gotten this answer through multiple methods including, using my own code, using rref calculators online and using sympy.

Type error

https://textbooks.math.gatech.edu/ila/chap-algebra.html

you will see hnow to express all solutions of a system of linear equations in a unique way using the parametric form of the general solution.

Non-linear transformation examples in section about invertibility of linear transformations

In 3.5.4 Invertible linear transformations, several non-linear transformations (e.g. f(x) = x^3) were used to illustrate non-invertible transformations. It seems to me that since they are not linear to begin with, it's not very educational to use them in a section on invertible linear transformations. (A transformation that's non-linear is not, by definition, an invertible linear transformation.)

At the very least, the section should mention they are not linear to begin with, but are used anyway to illustrate the invertibility aspect alone.

If V is the zero subspace, then it is the span of the empty set

This line reads ... If <m>V</m> is the zero subspace, then it is the span of the empty set.... Should it read then it is the span of the zero vector, since a subspace cannot be empty?

Even though a few pages later the book states "It is natural to define Span{} = {0}," at the line above this was not yet established.

Typo, "Determinants and Volumes"

In the very first equation of this section (4.3), following "The paralellepiped determined by n vectors", the vectors themselves are introduced as a set of V_i, but the equation (slightly below) uses a set of X_i.

Feedback on 2.8 Bases as Coordinate Systems

There is a typing error in Example(A nonstandard coordinate system on R^2.
"Using this grid it is easy to see that the B-coordinates of v are (5 1)".
The number 5 should be 4 in context.

Typo

ila/src/linindep.xml

Lines 211 to 213 in e182f6e

<p>
Solving the matrix equatiion <m>Ax=0</m> will either verify that the columns <m>v_1,v_2,\ldots,v_k</m> are linearly independent, or will produce a linear dependence relation by substituting any nonzero values for the free variables.
</p>

Equatiion -> Equation

ila/src/projections.xml

Lines 610 to 612 in e182f6e

<p>
We will show that <m>\Nul(A^TA)=\{0\}</m>, which implies invertibility by the <xref ref="imt-2"/>. Suppose that <m>A^TAc = 0</m>. Then <m>A^TAc = A^T0</m>, so <m>0_W = Ac</m> by the <xref ref="projections-ATA-formula"/>. But <m>0_W = 0</m> (the orthogonal decomposition of the zero vector is just <m>0 = 0 + 0)</m>, so <m>Ac = 0</m>, and therefore <m>c</m> is in <m>\Nul(A)</m>. Since the columns of <m>A</m> are linearly independent, we have <m>c=0</m>, so <m>\Nul(A^TA)=0</m>, as desired.
</p>

\Nul(A^TA)=0 -> \Nul(A^TA)={0}

Error in Solution Sets: Example 2.4.17

In Example 2.4.17 of chapter "Solution Sets"

The solution to Ax = b is: span{ (1, 1, 0), (-2, 0, 1) } + p, instead of span{ (1, 1, 1), (-2, 0, 1) } + p where p is the particular solution.

Mistake in 5.5 Complex Eigenvalues

In "Recipe: a 2 x 2 matrix with complex eigenvalues" #3 it says "Find a corresponding (complex) eigenvalue v using the trick." It should say eigenvector.

Thank you 🎉

Hey, don't know if this is the right place but I just wanted to thank all the people involved in this amazing book, it's truly a pleasure to read. The concepts become so clear with all these amazing graphics, tikz pictures and even MathBox interactivity. So much work must have gone into it from conceptualization to graphics, nice explanations and customaization of PreTeXt. Thank you for all your effors, it really pays off for the readers and I wish more books like this one were out there.

Broken url for feedback link at footer

Problem description

There's a link "Comments, corrections or suggestions?" at the footer in each page, and the link points to the archived repository QBobWatson/gt-linalg. Since the repository has been archived, no new issues can be created and consequently the link opens GitHub 404 page.

The following code should have worked but not, maybe it's a deployment-related issue?

<!-- JDR: feedback link -->
<xsl:template name="feedback-link">
<div class="feedback-link">
<xsl:element name="a">
<xsl:attribute name="href">
<xsl:text>https://github.com/QBobWatson/ila/issues/new?title=Feedback%20on%20</xsl:text>
<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="internal-id" />
<xsl:text>&amp;body=In%20reference%20to%20version%20</xsl:text>
<xsl:call-template name="git-hash" />
</xsl:attribute>
<xsl:attribute name="class">
<xsl:text>feedback-link</xsl:text>
</xsl:attribute>
<xsl:attribute name="target">_blank</xsl:attribute>
<xsl:attribute name="rel">noopener</xsl:attribute>
<xsl:text>Comments, corrections or suggestions?</xsl:text>
<span class="feedback-link">(Free GitHub account required)</span>
</xsl:element>
</div>
</xsl:template>

Typo in 2.8: Bases as Coordinate Systems

The last-but-one line in the proof of the only fact in the above-mentioned section was intended to say

It follows that $c_i − c'_i = 0$ for all i,

The equals zero-part is currently missing.

BTW, I really like your book!

Mistake in 3.1 Matrix Transformations

If <m>A</m> has <m>n</m> columns, then it only makes sense to multiply <m>A</m> by vectors with <m>n</m> entries. This is why the domain of <m>T(x)=Ax</m> is <m>\R^n</m>. If <m>A</m> has <m>n</m> rows, then <m>Ax</m> has <m>m</m> entries for any vector <m>x</m> in <m>\R^n</m>; this is why the codomain of <m>T(x)=Ax</m> is <m>\R^m</m>.

"If A has n rows, then Ax has m entries."
It should be:
"If A has m rows, then Ax has m entries."

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