Upton is a framework for easy web-scraping with a useful debug mode that doesn't hammer your target's servers. It does the repetitive parts of writing scrapers, so you only have to write the unique parts for each site.
Add the gem to your Gemfile and run the bundle command:
gem 'upton'With Upton, you can scrape complex sites to a CSV in just a few lines of code:
scraper = Upton::Scraper.new("http://www.propublica.org", "section#river h1 a")
scraper.scrape_to_csv "output.csv" do |html|
Nokogiri::HTML(html).search("#comments h2.title-link").map &:text
endJust specify a URL to a list of links -- or simply a list of links --, an XPath expression or CSS selector for the links and a block of what to do with the content of the pages you've scraped. Upton comes with some pre-written blocks (Procs, technically) for scraping simple lists and tables, like the list function above.
Upton operates on the theory that, for most scraping projects, you need to scrape two types of pages:
- Instance pages, which are the goal of your scraping, e.g. job listings or news articles.
- Index pages, which list instance pages. For example, a job search site's search page or a newspaper's homepage.
For more complex use cases, subclass Upton::Scraper and override the relevant methods. If you're scraping links from an API, you would override get_index; if you need to log in before scraping a site or do something special with the scraped instance page, you would override get_instance.
The get_instance and get_index methods use a protected method get_page(url) which, well, gets a page. That's not very special. The more interesting part is that get_page(url, stash) transparently stashes the response of each request if the second parameter, stash, is true. Whenever you repeat a request (with true as the second parameter), the stashed HTML is returned without going to the server. This is helpful in the development stages of a project when you're testing some aspect of the code and don't want to hit a server each time. If you are using get_instance and get_index, this can be en/disabled per instance of Upton::Scraper or its subclasses with the @debug option. Setting the stash parameter of the get_page method should only be used if you've overridden get_instance or get_index in a subclass.
Upton also sleeps (by default) 30 seconds between non-stashed requests, to reduce load on the server you're scraping. This is configurable with the @sleep_time_between_requests option.
Upton can handle pagination too. Scraping paginated index pages that use a query string parameter to track the current page (e.g. /search?q=test&page=2) is possible by setting @paginated to true. Use @pagination_param to set the query string parameter used to specify the current page (the default value is page). Use @pagination_max_pages to specify the number of pages to scrape (the default is two pages). You can also set @pagination_interval` if you want to increment pages by a number other than 1 (i.e. if the first page is 1 and lists instances 1 through 20, the second page is 21 and lists instances 21-41, etc.) See the Examples section below.
To handle non-standard pagination, you can override the next_index_page_url and next_instance_page_url methods; Upton will get each page's URL returned by these functions and return their contents.
For more complete documentation, see the RDoc.
Important Note: Upton is alpha software. The API may change at any time.
Upton is, in essence, sugar around RestClient and Nokogiri. If you just used those tools by themselves to write scrapers, you'd be responsible for writing code to fetch, save (maybe), debug and sew together all the pieces in a slightly different way for each scraper. Upton does most of that work for you, so you can skip the boilerplate.
Here are some similar libraries to check out for inspiration. No promises, since I've never used them, but they seem similar and were recommended by various HN commenters:
And these are some libraries that do related things:
If you want to scrape ProPublica's website with Upton, this is how you'd do it. (Scraping our RSS feed would be smarter, but not every site has a full-text RSS feed...)
scraper = Upton::Scraper.new("http://www.propublica.org", "section#river section h1 a")
scraper.scrape do |article_html_string|
puts "here is the full html content of the ProPublica article listed on the homepage: "
puts "#{article_html_string}"
#or, do other stuff here.
endSimple sites can be scraped with pre-written list block in `Upton::Utils', as below:
scraper = Upton::Scraper.new("http://nytimes.com", "ul.headlinesOnly a")
scraper.scrape_to_csv("output.csv", &Upton::Utils.list("h6.byline"))A table block also exists in Upton::Utils to scrape tables to an array of arrays, as below:
> scraper = Upton::Scraper.new(["http://website.com/story.html"])
> scraper.scrape(&Upton::Utils.table("//table[2]"))
[["Jeremy", "$8.00"], ["John Doe", "$15.00"]]This example shows how to scrape the first three pages of ProPublica's search results for the term tools:
scraper = Upton::Scraper.new("http://www.propublica.org/search/search.php?q=tools",
".compact-list a.title-link")
scraper.paginated = true
scraper.pagination_param = 'p' # default is 'page'
scraper.pagination_max_pages = 3 # default is 2
scraper.scrape_to_csv("output.csv", &Upton::Utils.list("h2"))I'd love to hear from you if you're using Upton. I also appreciate your suggestions/complaints/bug reports/pull requests. If you're interested, check out the issues tab or drop me a note.
In particular, if you have a common, abstract use case, please add them to lib/utils.rb. Check out the table_to_csv and list_to_csv methods for examples.
(The pull request process is pretty easy. Fork the project in Github (or via the git CLI), make your changes, then submit a pull request on Github.)
Upton Sinclair was a pioneering, muckraking journalist who is most famous for The Jungle, a novel portraying the reality of immigrant labor struggles in Chicago meatpacking plants at the start of the 1900s. Upton, the gem, sprang out of a ProPublica project pertaining to labor issues.
Test data is copyrighted by either ProPublica or various Wikipedia contributors. In either case, it's reproduced here under a Creative Commons license. In ProPublica's case, it's BY-NC-ND; in Wikipedia's it's BY-SA.
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