We can make a atapio driver, and then implement a vfs or smth.
First implement:

• atapio_read and atapio_write
• Then make a read-only filesystem maybe.
  Thanks

At execute:

./run.sh

Result:

box.o:(.bss+0x0): multiple definition of `vga_buffer'
kernel.o:(.bss+0x4): first defined here
tic_tac_toe.o:(.bss+0x18): multiple definition of `vga_buffer'
kernel.o:(.bss+0x4): first defined here
grub-file: error: cannot open `TicTacToe.bin': No such file or directory.
cp: cannot stat 'TicTacToe.bin': No such file or directory

Versions:

• GNU assembler version 2.26.20160125
• GNU bash, version 5.0.17(1)-release (x86_64-slackware-linux-gnu)
• gcc (GCC) 10.2.0
• GNU ld version 2.26.20160125

@pritamzope, Please help me in loading some executable format like PE, ELF and others from kernel. Please help me with code. I have no idea on that.

I want to run apps inside my kernel.

Please help me fast!

Hello,
Before anything else, thanks for the videos and this repo, awesome work!
I managed to compile, print/read ints/strings and draw graphics.
But now I want to convert the OS to 64bit, also when horsing around testing stuff, I tried using malloc and even though I have included stdlib.h I get : "....c:(.text+0x602): undefined reference to `malloc'
"
this is where I am trying to use malloc

`typedef struct _POINT_
{
    unsigned int x;
    unsigned int y;
}_POINT_;


struct _POINT_* POINT(const unsigned int _x, const unsigned int _y)
{
    struct _POINT_* point = (_POINT_*)malloc(sizeof(struct _POINT_));

    if(point)
    {
        point->x = _x;
        point->y = _y;
    }
    return point;
};`

Also can you provide more detail/reading material different than wikipedia on how vga_entry(...) works?

Idk for the terminal why the screen isn't made to scroll.... Zeroing out the line buffer should be enough.

When I run run.sh, I get this error in QEMU

BTW, I am in the WSL (Windows subsystem for Linux)

Hello, I have an error while compiling the .asm file to .bin or .iso
This is the error:

WinOS.asm:161: error: TIMES value -5 is negative

I downloaded your source code of the Hello World Extended OS Version in your blogger site. And the error occur in this line:
;/////////////////////////////////////////// ; boot loader magic number times ((0x200 - 2) - ($ - $$)) db 0x00 ;set 512 bytes for boot sector which are necessary dw 0xAA55 ; boot signature 0xAA & 0x55

Please help because, I cannot convert it into .iso or .bin. Linux Distro: Linux Mint Cinnamon 19 Thank you.

The paging initialization restarts qemu. How do I work around/fix this?

I know I need to enter Protected Mode etc. but I don't see any code when I lookup on the web. Can someone give a sample code of a full bootloader in Assembly? Also, I was using GRUB, but I want to create my own. I need to load an elf_i386 file.

I was building the x86 calculator and when I tried to run sh run.sh, I got this:
grub-mkrescue: error: cannot open '/usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh': Permission denied.
I am using Ubuntu 18.04 on Windows Subsystem for Linux. Please solve this issue.
[See image below]

Thank you for your project. Which has provided me with great help.

But, Have you thought about implementing an operating system that runs in 64-bit (long mode)?
Maybe it can be more modern. Contains SMP, process management, and VFS.

This will be very interesting.

Can you please upload your Assembly program without bootloader in a different directory?? Because i am fed up making it as applications for my OS. Drawing rectangles and others in Assembly is 16 bit or 32 bit code??? Please help!!!!!!!!

And: Can i use it as APPS in my OS??

In /VGA/Bitmaps/kernel.c when I try to draw bitmapped lowercase letters on the screen the letter does not display, when using the draw_string() function. I understand this is because there is no definition for lower-case letters in bitmap.c but I don`t know how to make the definitions - there is no page I have found so far on the internet explaining how.

This

;******************************************
; botloader code begin

[bits 16]           ; tell assembler that working in real mode(16 bit mode)
[org 0x7c00]        ; organize from 0x7C00 memory location where BIOS will load us


start:              ; start label from where our code starts


  xor ax,ax           ; set ax register to 0
  mov ds,ax           ; set data segment(ds) to 0
  mov es,ax           ; set extra segment(es) to 0

  ;******************************************
  ; jumping from rel mode to protected mode
  ; by using disk interrupt

  mov ah, 0x02        ; load second stage to memory
  mov al, 0x10        ; numbers of sectors to read into memory
  mov dl, 0x80        ; sector read from fixed/usb disk
  mov ch, 0           ; cylinder number
  mov dh, 0           ; head number
  mov cl, 2           ; sector number
  mov bx, _start      ; load into es:bx segment :offset of buffer
  int 0x13            ; disk I/O interrupt

  ; before jumping clearing all interrupts
  cli

  ; jump to protected mode
  jmp _start                 ; jump to second stage

  times (510 - ($ - $$)) db 0x00     ;set 512 bytes for boot sector which are necessary
  dw 0xAA55                          ; boot signature 0xAA & 0x55


; bootloader code end

;******************************************
; x86 code begin 

_start:

main : 

doesn't jump do protected mode. Theres no GDT in this code, an also, in protected mode you can't use bios interrupts.

Postdata: The disk reading code doesn't work on some emulators and computers, because CS isn't 0 ,you don't set the stack to 0x7c00, you musnt set dl to anything, you don't set bx to 0x7e00 and you don't jump to 0x7e00.

Hope this helps 😅
And to all frustrated people, here you are my bootloader that works anywhere: https://github.com/AtieP/AtieDOS/blob/master/bootloader.asm

@pritamzope , I am having no idea on the Code to load PE. Please help me. Thanks in advance.

https://www.github.com/pritamzope/OS/tree/master/CPUInfo%2Fcpu_info_c%2Frun.sh

The first command to compile the boot.s fails. It says --32 not an option.

Hello! I'm a big fan of your work, and noticed you added terminal scrolling.

I'm building my own OS using your Terminal project as a base.

However, compiling my own code and your code both still don't scroll.

I see you have added a method called terminal_scroll(), however, I do not see any calls of it in terminal's code.

I hope to see this fixed, love your work!

According to the run.sh file in kernel_1 folder, when running this command:
gcc -T linker.ld -o MyOS.bin -ffreestanding -O2 -nostdlib kernel.o boot.o -lgcc
I get the following error:
/usr/bin/ld: boot.o: relocation R_X86_64_32 against '.multiboot' can not be used when making a PIE object; recompile with -fPIC /usr/bin/ld: final link failed: nonrepresentable section on output collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

could not read disk on qemu.
i view iso files and no binary on it only grub folder nd config file

I have taken a look on the code "VGA/kernel_c/Simple/vga.h" and its what i was looking for graphics design, but i see they are predefined 16 colors when the resolution is 320x200 (known as 13h mode), so, i changed the color output and making changes up to 0 - 256 colors palette, instead of using the vga.h colors. But the colors are not displayed. How do i implement them, or its set up in mode AL = 0Dh, instead of AL = 13h?

I cant figure it out

Title says it all. @pritamzope

Please let me know what I need to change for code to work. I have a project on this