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GitHub talks about this a lot, and I've developed my ideas around it.

Bootstrapping

Bootstrapping is the process of installing dependencies for your project, loading in necessary data, and compiling stuff. The end result of bootstrapping is a project that is fully ready to develop. To bootstrap, you run:

$ script/bootstrap

Tests

Tests are critical to a stable codebase. To run the tests, you can use this simple incantation:

$ script/test
$ script/test unit # just the unit tests
$ script/test integration # just the integration tests

CI Build

Continuous Integration (and the consequent concept of continuous deployment) is useful for swift feedback during development. It runs all your tests in a controlled environment to ensure that everything is kosher and nothing (that is tested) has broken. To run a CI build, run:

$ script/cibuild

Spinning Up a Server

Need to spin up a server? No problem, just run:

$ script/server

Project-Specific Scripts

Some projects require scripts specific to their needs. They should be named generically so that other projects can easily conform to these scripts' naming conventions. These can be easily integrated into other scripts, where needed (e.g. in script/bootstrap). Some examples:

$ script/compile # compile all your assets or what have you
$ script/restore-dev-data # restore the local database with pre-created development data