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xstate

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Functional, stateless JavaScript finite state machines and statecharts.

Super quick start

npm i xstate -S
import { Machine } from 'xstate';

const toggleMachine = Machine({
  initial: 'inactive',
  states: {
    inactive: { on: { TOGGLE: 'active' } },
    active: { on: { TOGGLE: 'inactive' } }
  }
});

// Interpret the machine however you want.
// Here's a simple (side-effectful) example:
let currentState = toggleMachine.initialState;

function send(event) {
  currentState = toggleMachine.transition(currentState, event);
  console.log(currentState.value);
}

send('TOGGLE'); // 'active'
send('TOGGLE'); // 'inactive'

๐Ÿ“– Read the documentation!

Visualizer

๐Ÿ†• Preview and simulate your statecharts in the xstate visualizer (beta)!

xstate visualizer

3rd-Party Usage

With sketch.systems, you can now copy-paste your state machine sketches as xstate-compatible JSON!

  1. Create your sketch (example: https://sketch.systems/anon/sketch/new)
  2. Click Export to clipboard...
  3. Select XState JSON

Why?

Statecharts are a formalism for modeling stateful, reactive systems. This is useful for declaratively describing the behavior of your application, from the individual components to the overall application logic.

Read ๐Ÿ“ฝ the slides (๐ŸŽฅ video) or check out these resources for learning about the importance of finite state machines and statecharts in user interfaces:

Installation

  1. npm install xstate --save
  2. import { Machine } from 'xstate';

Finite State Machines

Light Machine

import { Machine } from 'xstate';

const lightMachine = Machine({
  key: 'light',
  initial: 'green',
  states: {
    green: {
      on: {
        TIMER: 'yellow',
      }
    },
    yellow: {
      on: {
        TIMER: 'red',
      }
    },
    red: {
      on: {
        TIMER: 'green',
      }
    }
  }
});

const currentState = 'green';

const nextState = lightMachine
  .transition(currentState, 'TIMER')
  .value;

// => 'yellow'

Hierarchical (Nested) State Machines

Hierarchical Light Machine

import { Machine } from 'xstate';

const pedestrianStates = {
  initial: 'walk',
  states: {
    walk: {
      on: {
        PED_TIMER: 'wait'
      }
    },
    wait: {
      on: {
        PED_TIMER: 'stop'
      }
    },
    stop: {}
  }
};

const lightMachine = Machine({
  key: 'light',
  initial: 'green',
  states: {
    green: {
      on: {
        TIMER: 'yellow'
      }
    },
    yellow: {
      on: {
        TIMER: 'red'
      }
    },
    red: {
      on: {
        TIMER: 'green'
      },
      ...pedestrianStates
    }
  }
});

const currentState = 'yellow';

const nextState = lightMachine
  .transition(currentState, 'TIMER')
  .value;
// => {
//   red: 'walk'
// }

lightMachine
  .transition('red.walk', 'PED_TIMER')
  .value;
// => {
//   red: 'wait'
// }

Object notation for hierarchical states:

// ...
const waitState = lightMachine
  .transition({ red: 'walk' }, 'PED_TIMER')
  .value;

// => { red: 'wait' }

lightMachine
  .transition(waitState, 'PED_TIMER')
  .value;

// => { red: 'stop' }

lightMachine
  .transition({ red: 'stop' }, 'TIMER')
  .value;

// => 'green'

Parallel State Machines

Parallel state machine

const wordMachine = Machine({
  parallel: true,
  states: {
    bold: {
      initial: 'off',
      states: {
        on: {
          on: { TOGGLE_BOLD: 'off' }
        },
        off: {
          on: { TOGGLE_BOLD: 'on' }
        }
      }
    },
    underline: {
      initial: 'off',
      states: {
        on: {
          on: { TOGGLE_UNDERLINE: 'off' }
        },
        off: {
          on: { TOGGLE_UNDERLINE: 'on' }
        }
      }
    },
    italics: {
      initial: 'off',
      states: {
        on: {
          on: { TOGGLE_ITALICS: 'off' }
        },
        off: {
          on: { TOGGLE_ITALICS: 'on' }
        }
      }
    },
    list: {
      initial: 'none',
      states: {
        none: {
          on: { BULLETS: 'bullets', NUMBERS: 'numbers' }
        },
        bullets: {
          on: { NONE: 'none', NUMBERS: 'numbers' }
        },
        numbers: {
          on: { BULLETS: 'bullets', NONE: 'none' }
        }
      }
    }
  }
});

const boldState = wordMachine
  .transition('bold.off', 'TOGGLE_BOLD')
  .value;

// {
//   bold: 'on',
//   italics: 'off',
//   underline: 'off',
//   list: 'none'
// }

const nextState = wordMachine
  .transition({
    bold: 'off',
    italics: 'off',
    underline: 'on',
    list: 'bullets'
  }, 'TOGGLE_ITALICS')
  .value;

// {
//   bold: 'off',
//   italics: 'on',
//   underline: 'on',
//   list: 'bullets'
// }

History States

Machine with history state

const paymentMachine = Machine({
  initial: 'method',
  states: {
    method: {
      initial: 'cash',
      states: {
        cash: { on: { SWITCH_CHECK: 'check' } },
        check: { on: { SWITCH_CASH: 'cash' } },
        hist: { history: true }
      },
      on: { NEXT: 'review' }
    },
    review: {
      on: { PREVIOUS: 'method.hist' }
    }
  }
});

const checkState = paymentMachine
  .transition('method.cash', 'SWITCH_CHECK');

// => State {
//   value: { method: 'check' },
//   history: State { ... }
// }

const reviewState = paymentMachine
  .transition(checkState, 'NEXT');

// => State {
//   value: 'review',
//   history: State { ... }
// }

const previousState = paymentMachine
  .transition(reviewState, 'PREVIOUS')
  .value;

// => { method: 'check' }

Interpreters

xstate's People

Contributors

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Watchers

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