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Note: Each Memory Adress is 1 Byte (8-bits) AND Each Register is 4 Bytes (32-bit), which means u need 4 Memory addresses.
| Register | Name | Usage |
|---|---|---|
$zero, $0 |
Zero | Hardwired zero, always reads as zero, cannot be written |
$at |
$1 |
Reserved for assembler use |
$v0, $v1 |
$2 - $3 |
Return values from functions, function results |
$a0 to $a3 |
$4 -$7 |
Function arguments |
$t0 to $t7 |
$8- $15 |
Temporary registers, not preserved across function calls |
$s0 to $s7 |
$16 - $23 |
Saved registers, preserved across function calls |
$t8 to $t9 |
$24 - $25 |
More temps |
$k0 - $k1 |
$26 - $27 |
Reserved for OS Kernel |
$gp |
$28$ |
Global pointer, used for accessing global data |
$sp |
$29$ |
Stack pointer, points to the top of the stack |
$fp |
$30$ |
Frame pointer, used for accessing function arguments and locals |
$ra |
$31$ |
Return address for function calls, saved during function calls |
Little Endian: Most Significant Byte --> Least address Big Endian: Little Endian Opposite ofc :)
MIPS is Big Endian
# Most used MIPS Instructions Summary:
# Load and Store Instructions:
# lw - Load Word: Loads a word from memory into a register.
# sw - Store Word: Stores a word from a register into memory.
# Arithmetic Instructions:
# add - Add: Adds two registers and stores the result in a register.
# addi - Add Immediate: Adds a constant to a register and stores the result in a register.
# sub - Subtract: Subtracts one register from another and stores the result in a register.
# addu, subu - Unsigned Add/Subtract: Similar to add and sub but treat operands as unsigned.
# Data Transfer Instructions:
# lb - Load Byte: Loads a byte from memory into a register.
# lh - Load Halfword: Loads a halfword from memory into a register.
# Branch Instructions:
# beq - Branch if Equal: Branches to a target address if two registers are equal.
# bne - Branch if Not Equal: Branches to a target address if two registers are not equal.
# Logical Instructions:
# and - Bitwise AND: Performs a bitwise AND operation between two registers.
# or - Bitwise OR: Performs a bitwise OR operation between two registers.
# xor - Bitwise XOR: Performs a bitwise XOR operation between two registers.
# nor - Bitwise NOR: Performs a bitwise NOR operation between two registers.
# Shift Instructions:
# sll - Shift Left Logical: Shifts the bits in a register to the left by a specified number of positions.
# srl - Shift Right Logical: Shifts the bits in a register to the right by a specified number of positions.
# Conditional and Loop Instructions:
# slt - Set Less Than: Sets a register to 1 if one register is less than another, else sets it to 0.
# sltu - Set Less Than Unsigned: Sets a register to 1 if one register is less than another (unsigned), else sets it to 0.
# beq, bne - Branch if Equal/Not Equal: Branches to a target address based on a condition.
# j - Jump: Unconditionally jumps to a target address.
# Comparison Instructions:
# slt, sltu - Signed/Unsigned Less Than: Compare two registers and set a target register based on the result.
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