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- Prerequisites
- Important notes
- Traefik non TlS simple installation
- Traefik non TlS simple installation with basic auth
- Traefik non TlS simple installation with basic auth and subpath
- Traefik with TLS
- Traefik TLS with Authelia
- Traefik TLS with Authelia and consul
- Traefik TLS, Authelia and consul with metrics using prometheus
The following settings shown here can be used as a guide to be able to Traefik version 2.X in multiple possible scenarios, these scenarios have been tested in the dev environment and in the home-self project so if you want to deploy Traefik in production environment please follow the official documentation provided by the developer, without further ado the description of my settings.
There are a few things that we are going to make clear from the beginning, all the settings shown here will have the same pattern so it is better to clarify them at the beginning so that there is no confusion about it.
- All settings are in YML Files.
- A docker compose per project was used to deploy all the necessary components for its operation.
- Port expose instead of port so that traefik can interpret and identify to which port traffic should redirect.
- Use the minimum lines in the docker compose (I hate docker-compose files with long amounts of lines).
- All repositories use an environment file please rename that file to .env.
- For all the configurations it is necessary to have a docker network called proxy, it can be created easily by executing the following command
$ docker network create proxy
- In order to execute any of the configurations the following this command
docker-compose up -d
or if you only want to run a single container
docker-compose up -d NAME_OF_SERVICE_TO_DECLARE_THE_CONTIANER
In this section we can find a fairly simple Traefik configuration just using port 80 to be able to enter, using only the docker provider to read the elements executed in the same node that bring the instructions to use traefik.
- In order to traefik you can read that the container has instructions to be read, it must be enabled for its proper reading with the following instruction.
- traefik.enable=true
-
The containers that are going to be used by traefik must be in the same network or traefik must know this network so that communication can take place.
-
As the containers are within the same network as traefik, it is not necessary to publish the ports with the command expose traefik automatically knows to which port the traffic must be redirected, with this we avoid having to create a service rule and tRaefik generates it for us from automatic way
expose:
- PORT NUMBER
In this section we can find a small variation to our configuration which adds a new concept for version 2 of traefik which is what is known as middleware to know more read the following Link,the variation that we add is that there is some level of restriction in order to be able to access the dashboard using one predefine user, we can do the following.
In the file traefik_config/configurations/middlewares.yml there is a predefined user change it using the following website Generate your user and password
- We use the same configurations that we saw in the last configuration.
- The only change we have is that in the docker-compose commands we add the middleware so that traefik can enter using the new login we just created
- traefik.http.routers.traefik-http-mdw.middlewares=user-auth@file
- Additionally we create a service so that you can use the GUI without having to open any additional port
- traefik.http.routers.traefik-http-svc.service=api@internal
This section is to show a configuration with a slightly different change to the one we have been working on instead of using subdomain we will use subpath, this is to use the same domain but using different path to enter different applications.
In the file traefik_config/configurations/middleware-http.yml there is a predefined user change it using the following website Generate your user and password
Here is an example of what the configuration looks like.:
- Traefik =
v2.2.1Official website Link - Portainer =
1.25.5Official website Link - MariaDB =
10.4.13Official website Link - PhpmyAdmin =
5.0.2Official website Link - Whoami =
latest
- All the configuration uses only port 80, it is not necessary to use an exclusive port to enter the dashboard of bringsfik example 8080.
- The docker-compose file has two different ways of defining the settings, one is in the case of the container whoami that carries the definition of the subpath and the other is the declaration of a complement of route rule.
- the suar subpath is necessary to add a / to the end of the url for it to work in this way that aggregation is done automatically using middlewares.
- Traefik supports that we make chains of our middlewares so that we can use them in groups in our case we use one to work which we call middlewares-chain.yml, very important note the middlewares must be created to refer to the chain, for more information you can consult the Official documentation.
- Using this label the docker container will not appear in the settings of traefik.
- traefik.enable=false
In this section we are going to start using tls using a free service called Let's Encrypt which we are going to store in a json file for more information read the following article.A very important note is that both the ports for the http protocol and for the https protocol must be redirected to the node that is running traefik with tls otherwise it will not work.
- Acme File as part of a requirement, this file must have permission 0600 so that it can work to traefik. In this file all our certificates will be stored for each domain we use.
$ sudo chmod 0600 ./traefik_config/acme/acme.json
- We use the same configurations that we saw in the last configuration.
- Add one more middleware to redirect the entrypoint https
- In this configuration the containers have a double declaration to solve the fact that some user does not put the https to enter
## http Routers Rules
- traefik.http.routers.portainer-http-rtr.rule=Host(`portainer.$DOMAINNAME`)
- traefik.http.routers.portainer-http-rtr.entrypoints=http
## Middlewares Rules
- traefik.http.routers.portainer-http-rtr.middlewares=middlewares-https-redirect@file
## https Routers Rules
- traefik.http.routers.portainer-https-rtr.rule=Host(`portainer.$DOMAINNAME`)
- traefik.http.routers.portainer-https-rtr.entrypoints=https
- traefik.http.routers.portainer-https-rtr.tls=true
- traefik.http.routers.portainer-https-rtr.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt
In this example we can see how a route is created to enter through the http entrypoint but it redirects to https using middleware, and in the https configuration we declare which certificate to resolve we are going to use for said services since multiple tls can be declared resolvers in the settings of traefik. 4. In the file of traefik.yml we make the declaration of our certificate of letsencrypt 5. In the declaration of our file provider we can declare this ( watch: true ) function which gives us the ability to create, modify, delete or update files that are located in the selected folder,without the need to restart our traefik
file:
directory: /configurations/
watch: true
In this section we are going to use traefik using tls but adding a separate authentication software, this software is called Authelia and you can enter the link shown in the software versions, which provides us with a single login or a double authentication in any of our services depending on our level of requirement, it should be noted that using mariadb and redis is completely optional for the use of it, so if you do not want to use it, you can comment on it in the configuration file.
Here is a brief diagram of what the configuration looks like:
- Traefik =
v2.2.1Official website Link - Authelia =
4.18.1Official website Link - MariaDB =
10.4.13Official website Link - PhpmyAdmin =
5.0.2Official website Link - Redis =
latestOfficial website Link - Portainer =
1.25.5Official website Link - Dozzle =
v1.22.3Official website Link - Whoami =
latest
Adding this Authelia software change our file distribution a little bit , remembering that all the files that we put in the configuration folder will be automatically updated in our file.
- Recommendation traefik in version 2.x incorporates the distribution of its components in
- Routes
- Middlewares
- services
Reason why I recommended to put each one of these separately so that its maintenance is easier,knowing that http and tcp are handled now, so 1 huge file could cause chaos and complications in the future,so create separate files identifying them with the corresponding protocol.
- routes-http.yml
- routes-tcp.yml
---------------------
- middlewares-http.yml
- middlewares-tcp.yml
----------------------
- services-http.yml
- services-tcp.yml
- We can also create a file for our own TLS as shown in the example calling it tls.yml. Official documentation.
- Traefik supports that we make chains of our middlewares so that we can use them in groups in our case we use one to work with authelia which we call middlewares-chain.yml, very important note the middlewares must be created to refer to the chain, for more information you can consult the Official documentation.
For the creation of the users Authelia allows two forms of authentication, one by using text file and the other using LDAP, in our case we are going to use the one of the file.
Having said that, there are two ways to generate a new password:
- Docker Generator Official documentation.
$ docker run authelia/authelia:VERSION authelia hash-password yourpassword
Password hash: $argon2id$v=19$m=65536$3oc26byQuSkQqksq$zM1QiTvVPrMfV6BVLs2t4gM+af5IN7euO0VB6+Q8ZFs
- Using online Website with Ramdom Generator, for this second method take into account the following factors:
- it is necessary to have the master token to be configured in the configuration file, which can be generated with this Link.
- Once having this link we can generate our password on this site, the algorithm that is used Authelia is the Argon2id.
- Create the new user with the generated password, restart the container and trying to login to the new user.
Note = if the user does not enter there is a possibility that the wrong password will be generated, check all the steps again and try again.
- We use the same configurations that we saw in the last configuration.
- Add one more middleware to redirect the entrypoint https and one to use authelia config.
- New middleware chain that references two at the same time
- The new configuration that we add to our containers to use Emplelia is the following:
## Middlewares Rules
- traefik.http.routers.traefik-rtr.middlewares=chain-authelia@file
Where we refer to the chain that we create.
In this section it is practically the same as the previous one with the difference that a new provider is added to the backend of traefik which is consul catalog which will allow to register all the services that are discovered new in consul, something important that in this repo no show any configuration for consul.
Here is a brief diagram of what the configuration looks like:
- Traefik =
v2.2.1Official website Link - Authelia =
4.18.1Official website Link - MariaDB =
10.4.13Official website Link - PhpmyAdmin =
5.0.2Official website Link - Redis =
latestOfficial website Link - Portainer =
1.25.5Official website Link - Dozzle =
v1.22.3Official website Link - Whoami =
latest
In this repo no other configuration is shown that is not from Traefik but this configuration was tested with the following softwares
- The only thing that changes here is that we add a new provider to the static configuration file of traefik, for the update of this it is necessary to restart the container of traefik. Link
- In case the consul I have the ACL mode it is necessary declare in the docker compose in the enviroment part the corresponding token so that traefik can read the services consult.
environment:
- "CONSUL_HTTP_TOKEN=CONSUL_ACL_FOR_TRAEFIK"
- We use the same configurations that we saw in the last configuration.
- Add one more middleware to redirect the entrypoint https and one to use authelia config.
- New provider Consul Catalog.
For this section we use authelia and also use consul,so we need a little monitoring to know what is happening through our traefik, thanks to the fact that it has a monitoring feature, we incorporate prometheus into our config to know what is happening.Link
Here is a brief diagram of what the configuration looks like:
- Traefik =
v2.2.1Official website Link - Authelia =
4.18.1Official website Link - MariaDB =
10.4.13Official website Link - PhpmyAdmin =
5.0.2Official website Link - Redis =
latestOfficial website Link - Portainer =
1.25.5Official website Link - Dozzle =
v1.22.3Official website Link - Cadvisor =
v0.33.0Official website Link - Node Exporter=
v1.0.0Official website Link - Whoami =
latest
In this repo no other configuration is shown that is not from Traefik but this configuration was tested with the following softwares
- Consul =
1.7.3Official website Link - Registrator =
masterOfficial website Link - Prometheus =
v2.19.0Official website Link - Grafana =
7.0.3Official website Link
- For our configuration file, add in our static files the section referring to the metrics of prometheus.
- So must also create a new entrypoint so that the metrics work correctly.
- The port must be declared in the docker-compose so that there are no problems.
- The respective configuration must be created in prometheus so that it reads the metrics generated by traefik. Link
- We use the same configurations that we saw in the last configuration.
- Add one more middleware to redirect the entrypoint https and one to use authelia config.
- New metrics are sent to prometheus for respective monitoring.
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