An example repo that shows how to rewrite IIS URL (outbound) to configure legacy asp.net web apps hosted on Azure App Service but safeguarded with a WAF (Front-door/Application Gateway). Setting up Azure Front-door or Azure Application Gateway are fairly straight forward process and well documented in Microsoft Azure Docs. That is beyond the scope of this repository. However, when you deploy a legacy asp.net application that uses either OAuth 2.0/Open ID connect based authentications or OWIN based authentication middleware you often run into a broken authN flow because the application might not care about the front-door/gateway host-headers and produces a reditect (302 permanent) to a path that constructed based on App service URI's - as oppose to the front-door/gateway URI. Once can of course fix this by changing the code - but that sometimes might not be practical/possible. Other alternative approach (which is described below) is to catch one or more specific outbound URIs (the redirect flows) in a web.config file and use the IIS URL rewrite module to overwrite them accordingly. That would require changes in web.config but not the source codes. Which is rather cleaner approach as you can do that even from the source control managment (KUDO) sites.

The changes in web.config looks like following:

      <!- Creating Rewrite rules -->
      <rewrite>
        <outboundRules>          
          <!-- The below rule captures a 302 (redirect) response 
               with 'Location' response header contains 
               an outbound URL (coming from the web app) 
               that has 'signin-oidc' in the path.  
               When there are 'signin-oidc' present into the path, it 
               will match the regular expression and rewrite the Location 
               header with the hostname that comes from 
               your front-door/application gateway URL. The notion {R:2} preserves 
               any following query parameters or sub path that was 
               present in the original URL -->
          <rule name="changeURI" enabled="true">
            <match 
                serverVariable="RESPONSE_Location" 
                pattern="^(.*)/signin-oidc(.+)" 
                ignoreCase="true" />
            <action type="Rewrite" 
                value="https://my-waf.azureafd.net/signin-oidc{R:2}" />
          </rule>          
        </outboundRules>
      </rewrite>      

The above rule captures a 302 (redirect) response with Location response header contains an outbound URL (coming from the web app) that has signin-oidc in the path. When there are signin-oidc present into the path, it will match the regular expression and rewrite the Location header with the hostname that comes from your front-door/application gateway URL (i.e. https://my-waf.azurefd.net). The notion {R:2} preserves any following query parameters or sub path that was present in the original URL.

In order to understand the {R:2} syntax in depth, please read the back-references in Microsoft documentation.

The important bit from the document is quoted below:

Usage of back-references is the same regardless of which pattern syntax was used to capture them. Back-references can be used in the following locations within rewrite rules:

• In condition input strings
• In rule actions, specifically:
  • url attribute of Rewrite and Redirect action
  • statusLine and responseLine of a CustomResponse action
• In a key parameter to the rewrite map

Back-references to condition patterns are identified by {C:N} where N is from 0 to 9. Back-references to rule patterns are identified by {R:N} where N is from 0 to 9. Note that for both types of back-references, {R:0} and {C:0}, will contain the matched string.

For example, in this pattern:

^(www\.)(.*)$

For the string: www.foo.com the back-references will be indexed as follows:

{C:0} - www.foo.com
{C:1} - www.
{C:2} - foo.com

Within a rule action, you can use the back-references to the rule pattern and to the last matched condition of that rule. Within a condition input string, you can use the back-references to the rule pattern and to the previously matched condition.

The following rule example demonstrates how back-references are created and referenced:

<rule name="Rewrite subdomain">
 <match url="^(.+)" /> <!-- rule back-reference is captured here -->
 <conditions>
  <!-- condition back-reference is captured here -->
  <add input="{HTTP_HOST}" type="Pattern" pattern="^([^.]+)\.mysite\.com$" /> 
 </conditions>
 <!-- rewrite action uses back-references to condition and 
      to rule when rewriting the url -->
 <action type="Rewrite" url="{C:1}/{R:1}" /> 
</rule>

Check out this Microsoft Documentation how to use the Test pattern tool that comes with IIS installation.

That's about it!