modelatlasoftheearth / model_submission Goto Github PK

-> submitter ORCID (or name)

0000-0002-1270-4377

-> slug

polanco-2024-deltas

-> license

CC-BY-4.0

-> alternative license URL

No response

-> model category

model published in study

-> model status

completed

-> associated publication DOI

10.5194/esurf-12-301-2024

-> model creators

Sara Polanco (0000-0002-1270-4377)
0000-0003-0263-0084
Tristan Salles (0000-0001-6095-7689)
Frederick,Bruce C
0000-0002-2594-6965
0000-0003-3693-932X
0000-0003-3566-1557
0000-0003-2595-2414
0000-0003-3685-174X

-> title

No response

-> description

Two-thirds of the world's most populated cities are situated close to deltas. We use computer simulations to understand how deltas sink or rise in response to climate-driven sea level changes that operate from thousands to millions of years. Our research shows that because of the interaction between the outer layers of the Earth, sediment transport, and sea level changes deltas develop a self-regulated mechanism that modifies the space they need to gain or lose land.

-> abstract

No response

-> scientific keywords

Flexural isostasy
Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA)
Deltaic depocenters
Stratigraphic record

-> funder

Australian Research Council, IH130200012
Australian–American Fulbright Commission
The University of Melbourne

-> model embargo?

No

-> include model code ?

• yes

-> model code/inputs DOI

10.5281/zenodo.10553849

-> model code/inputs notes

The input and boundary conditions for the model are structured as follows:
an input XML file where the initial and boundary conditions are set
a data folder containing the initial surface and the boundary conditions, in this case different sea-level scenarios
a series of IPython Notebooks used to run the experiment and perform some pre or post-processing tasks.

-> include model output data?

• yes

-> data creators

0000-0002-1270-4377

-> model output data DOI

No response

-> model output data notes

The model output data is stored in a hdf5 format. You will see a h5 folder and a series of xdmf files.

• h5 folder contains the hdf5 data, all the information computed by the model are stored in these files. You will have at least the tin (surface) and flow (stream network) dataset and also the sed (stratigraphy) data if the stratal structure is computed in your simulation.

• two .xdmf files for the surface (tin_series.xdmf) and the flow network (flow_series.xdmf) that read the xmf files through time.

-> model output data size

No response

-> software framework DOI/URI

doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1069573

-> software framework source repository

https://github.com/badlands-model/badlands

-> name of primary software framework (e.g. Underworld, ASPECT, Badlands, OpenFOAM)

Badlands

-> software framework authors

No response

-> software & algorithm keywords

No response

-> computer URI/DOI

No response

-> add landing page image and caption

Our simulations produce catchment areas, river lengths, and volumes of deposited sediment that are consistent with the ranges observed in continental-scale deltas such as the Mississippi and Amazon rivers. (a) Example showing the outputs from the numerical simulation showing the elevation and bathymetry (top) and cumulative flexure (bottom). Model dimensions are 4500 km x 2000 km, with a vertical exaggeration of 100x. (b) Scatter plot of river length (top) and 405 shelf width (bottom) versus catchment area from river systems. Data is from Somme et al. (2009), Nyberg et al. (2018), Blum et al. (2013, 2017) and simulations presented in this study. Pal= Paleocene, Oli=Oligocene, PM= Paleo-Mississippi. (c) Example of synthetic stratigraphy from a simulation without (left) and with flexural compensation (right).

-> add an animation (if relevant)

https://github.com/ModelAtlasofTheEarth/model_submission/assets/29790931/b6dae5a4-f5bd-413d-ab7f-14349e1f54a1
The animation shows the surface and stratigraphic evolution of our simulated continental-scale deltas. We let each simulation initialize and run for 2 Myr without any sea-level fluctuations so that the delta can reach dynamic equilibrium without any disturbances in base level, then impose climate-forced sea-level changes.

-> add a graphic abstract figure (if relevant)

egusphere-2023-53_Fig5.pdf

Output of numerical simulations with imposed synthetic sea-level curves with different frequencies (f) showing elevation, bathymetry and discharge of the river mouth at 8 Myr. Note the difference in lateral extent, elevation due to flexural rebound, and river mouth morphology between the flexural (top) and non-flexural (bottom) cases. (b) Change of river mouth location though time for simulations where synthetic and empirical sea-level curves were imposed. Mean river mouth transit distances in the non-flexurally compensated simulations are shown in lighter shades, whereas the flexurally compensated cases are shown in darker shades. (c) Bar plot showing the frequency of the number of times where the de-trended river-mouth trajectory crosses an arbitrary point in the shelf an indicator of how often the river mouth is close to the shelf break. NF = non-flexural, F = flexural, IH = icehouse, and GH = greenhouse.

-> add a model setup figure (if relevant)

-> add a description of your model setup

Planview of model setup (top) and cross-section in the middle of the modeling domain. The initial configuration of the modeling domain resembles the topography of a natural source-to-sink system with 3400 m elevation in the headwaters, a length of 4500 km, a downstream-decreasing fluvial channel slope, and successive inflections in gradient associated with the coastal-plain to continental shelf and shelf to slope transitions. To ensure that our simulated drainage basin produces a point-source for sediment input to the marine domain we imposed a longitudinal topographic low in the middle of the model.

Please provide any feedback on the model submission process?

Thanks Dan, great job!

-> submitter ORCID (or name)

0000-0002-2207-6837

-> slug

mather-2022-groundwater

-> license

CC-BY-4.0

-> alternative license URL

No response

-> model category

model published in study, inverse model

-> model status

completed

-> associated publication DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08384-w

-> model creators

0000-0003-3566-1557
0000-0002-3334-5764
0000-0002-6034-1881
0000-0002-7182-1864
0000-0002-6557-0237
0000-0003-3685-174X

-> title

No response

-> description

This model was developed in order to study groundwater flow on a continental scale, focusing on the Sydney–Gunnedah–Bowen Basin in Australia. Using data such as hydraulic head measurements and borehole temperatures, it predicts how water moves through deep aquifers to the surface. Coastal aquifers show fast water flow, while inland aquifers have much slower flow. The study shows that increased water extraction from inland areas could permanently change water flow patterns. This open-source model can be used for other regions and aims to support sustainable groundwater management policies

-> abstract

Numerical models of groundwater flow play a critical role for water management scenarios under climate extremes. Large-scale models play a key role in determining long range flow pathways from continental interiors to the oceans, yet struggle to simulate the local flow patterns offered by small-scale models. We have developed a highly scalable numerical framework to model continental groundwater flow which capture the intricate flow pathways between deep aquifers and the near-surface. The coupled thermal-hydraulic basin structure is inferred from hydraulic head measurements, recharge estimates from geochemical proxies, and borehole temperature data using a Bayesian framework. We use it to model the deep groundwater flow beneath the Sydney–Gunnedah–Bowen Basin, part of Australia’s largest aquifer system. Coastal aquifers have flow rates of up to 0.3 m/day, and a corresponding groundwater residence time of just 2,000 years. In contrast, our model predicts slow flow rates of 0.005 m/day for inland aquifers, resulting in a groundwater residence time of 400,000 years. Perturbing the model to account for a drop in borehole water levels since 2000, we find that lengthened inland flow pathways depart significantly from pre-2000 streamlines as groundwater is drawn further from recharge zones in a drying climate. Our results illustrate that progressively increasing water extraction from inland aquifers may permanently alter long-range flow pathways. Our open-source modelling approach can be extended to any basin and may help inform policies on the sustainable management of groundwater.

-> scientific keywords

groundwater, thermal-hydraulic, Bayesian, water-management

-> funder

NSW Department of Industry
https://ror.org/04s1m4564

-> model embargo?

No response

-> include model code ?

• yes

-> model code/inputs DOI

https://github.com/brmather/Sydney_Basin/tree/master

-> model code/inputs notes

In the Scripts folder, HL05 was used to run the optimisation problem and HL06 was used to take the maximum a posteriori model and run it at high resolution.

-> include model output data?

• yes

-> data creators

No response

-> model output data DOI

No response

-> model output data notes

model_output_data contains the following file types:

.h5 - Underworld2 data files
.xdmf- Underworld2 xdmf header files
.csv - Various data in csv format
.npz - data on numpy binary format
.png - image files
.pvsm - Paraview state files
.txt - data in .txt format

-> model output data size

15 Gb

-> software framework DOI/URI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7455999

-> software framework source repository

https://github.com/underworldcode/underworld2

-> name of primary software framework (e.g. Underworld, ASPECT, Badlands, OpenFOAM)

No response

-> software framework authors

No response

-> software & algorithm keywords

Python, C, finite element, heat equation, advection-diffusion

-> computer URI/DOI

https://ror.org/04yx6dh41

-> add landing page image and caption

No response

-> add an animation (if relevant)

No response

-> add a graphic abstract figure (if relevant)

Coupled heat-groundwater flow model of the Sydney–Gunnedah–Bowen Basin based on the MAP estimate of material properties and boundary conditions. (A) Groundwater velocity field with coal seams outlined in grey overlain with temperature gradients measured in boreholes. This visualisation of the velocity field obtained from our model was rendered in 3D using Paraview 5.9 (https://www.paraview.org/). (B) temperature field overlain with heat flux vectors. The 2D slice was generated from our models using Matplotlib 3.4 (https://matplotlib.org/).

-> add a model setup figure (if relevant)

3D stratigraphy of the Sydney–Gunnedah–Bowen Basin. The vertical spacing of layers has been exaggerated for visual clarity. The model of the basin was rendered in 3D using Underworld.

-> add a description of your model setup

In this paper, we apply our numerical framework to the Sydney–Gunnedah–Bowen (SGB) Basin in eastern Australia. The SGB Basin covers about 1.5 million square kilometers, and we model it in high-resolution 3D, using over 10 million cells (or 6 x 6 x 0.6 km, in the x, y, z directions, respectively) to detail flow patterns down to 12 km beneath the crust. By adjusting the model to match real-world data, it provides accurate insights into water and heat movement through deep aquifers in large areas. Temperature advection due to groundwater flow is described by the advection-diffusion equation. Darcy flux is calculated from the groundwater flow equation. Groundwater recharge and discharge are driven by changes in hydraulic head, which is set to the height of the water table at the top boundary surface. The thermal boundary conditions include a constant temperature set to the top boundary, which corresponds to the annual mean surface temperature. The side walls are assigned zero flux, and the bottom temperature boundary is an unknown variable that we invert from borehole temperature data within our Bayesian optimization scheme.

Please provide any feedback on the model submission process?

No response

-> submitter ORCID (or name)

0000-0002-2207-6837

-> slug

sandifordcraig-2023-subduction

-> license

CC-BY-4.0

-> alternative license URL

No response

-> model category

model published in study, forward model

-> model status

None

-> associated publication DOI

https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggad230

-> model creators

No response

-> title

No response

-> description

Tectonic plates are recycled into the mantle through subduction, where they bend and deform in various ways, such as brittle failure. This process creates deep sea trenches and results in characteristic earthquake patterns and gravity anomalies. In this study, we used a numerical model to investigate plate bending dynamics, complementing simpler approaches like flexural yield strength envelopes. We focused on the competition between bending stress and sources of net in-plane stress, such as slab pull, which influences the plate's neutral plane depth. It is difficult to reconcile the 'apparent' neutral plane depth with a net slab pull force greater than about 2 TN/m. Deviatoric compression in subducting plates more easily explains reverse earthquakes at depths of 20-50 km in the bending plate.

-> abstract

No response

-> scientific keywords

Dynamics of lithosphere, Lithospheric flexure, Subduction, Earthquakes

-> funder

https://ror.org/05mmh0f86, DP150102887
https://ror.org/03wnrjx87, URF\R1\180088
https://ror.org/02b5d8509

-> model embargo?

No response

-> include model code ?

• yes

-> model code/inputs DOI

https://github.com/dansand/subduction_GJI2022

-> model code/inputs notes

Model setup is provided by an ASPECT input file and a WorldBuilder file (https://github.com/GeodynamicWorldBuilder/WorldBuilder). Minor modifications to the ASPECT source code were implemented and are discussed in the associated publication as well as the model_code_inputs/README.md directory.

-> include model output data?

• yes

-> data creators

No response

-> model output data DOI

No response

-> model output data notes

Computations were done using the ASPECT code version 2.4.0. ASPECT output data from 2 simulations are included with this model. The reference model is the same model setup/data described in Sandiford and Craig, (2023). An alternative model is included in which the over-riding plate is welded to the left sidewall at the start of the simulation (whereas the initial temperature field in the reference model has a ridge). Note that both simulations develop a short-wavelength instability in the free surface of the over-riding plate, which begins approximately 3 Ma after the start of the simulation. The top level directories contains typical ASPECT output files, including log.txt and restart files. The primary output data consists of:

• plain text files representing model topography (e.g. topography.00000)
• a range of "field" data, in .vtu format in the ./solution sub-directory (e.g. solution-00000.0000.vtu). At each output step, there are 48 vtu files written. These can be opened with Paraview using the solution.pvd file in the top level. Quantities generally have SI units. Velocities are output as meters/year.
• particle information stored as .vtu files (16 per timestep). Particles were used to track the 2-km-thick weak entrained layer that facilitates the plate interface decoupling zone.

-> model output data size

47 Gb

-> software framework DOI/URI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6903424

-> software framework source repository

https://github.com/geodynamics/aspect

-> name of primary software framework (e.g. Underworld, ASPECT, Badlands, OpenFOAM)

No response

-> software framework authors

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2311-9402
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0357-7115
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0035-7723
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-8198
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9481-1749
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8137-3903
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-5236
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5697-7203

-> software & algorithm keywords

C++, finite-element, adaptive-mesh-refinement, particles

-> computer URI/DOI

https://dx.doi.org/10.25914/608bfd1838db2

-> add landing page image and caption

Downdip component of strain rate tensor and resolved stress difference from the numerical model, focusing on features within the plate/slab. The resolved stress difference is defined as ($\sigma_{s} - \sigma_{z}$), where $\hat{s}$, and $\hat{z}$ are unit vectors in the downdip and slab normal directions. The fields show, for example, shortening/extension in the downdip direction. Stress profiles at four locations are shown. The blue line ($x_0$) is the first zero crossing based on analysis of the flexural component of the topography. The black line is the location of maximum bending moment.

-> add an animation (if relevant)

https://github.com/ModelAtlasofTheEarth/model_submission/assets/10967872/f9e647c5-3341-400c-bac3-d5546f1d7226
Animation shows the model domain at 2x vertical exaggeration. The scalar field is the effective strain rate, i.e. $\dot\epsilon_{II} = \sqrt{J2} = \sqrt{0.5(\dot\epsilon_{i,j}: \epsilon_{i,j})}$. Upper panel shows the evolution of the model topography (a true free surface). The topographic profile reveals the long-wavelength isostatic thermal subsidence, as well as the flexural topography associated with the subduction zone. The model exhibits a very short-wavelength instability in the free surface of the over-riding plate, which begins approximately 3 Ma after the start of the simulation.

-> add a graphic abstract figure (if relevant)

The main panel shows the variation in terms that arise in a 2D "vertically integrated" form of the force balance (or stress equilibrium) equations. Assuming a traction-free surface, the force balance states that across a horizontal section of the lithosphere, the following terms must sum to zero: 1) integrated basal shear traction, 2) the difference in the vertically-integrated deviatoric stress and 3), the difference in the vertically-integrated vertical normal stress (often called the GPE). In the figure, the overbar symbols represent vertical integration across the lithosphere. Specifically, integration from a reference height, (taken here as the mean ridge height) down to a reference depth (taken here as 150 km beneath the reference height). In the main panel, the black line shows the horizontal variation in the vertically integrated deviatoric stress difference ($\tau_{xx} - \tau_{zz}$). Positive values indicate a state of deviatoric tension. The dashed blue line shows the horizontal variation in the vertically integrated vertical normal stress ($\sigma_{yy}$) (or the GPE). Strictly speaking, this quantity is only equal to the GPE when the vertical normal stress is lithostatic, but the term is retained in this study due to convention. The upper panel shows the subducting plate topography at 2 different scales.

-> add a model setup figure (if relevant)

The main panel shows the full model domain and initial temperature field. The texture is generated with a line integral convolution of the velocity field. Contours show evolution of the slab during the 10 Myr simulation. Velocity arrows show convergence rates at 5 Myr into the simulation. Inset panels show details of the adaptive mesh refinement during the simulation.

-> add a description of your model setup

The subduction model comprises a rectangular domain with a depth of 2900 km, and an aspect ratio of 4. The initial conditions comprise an adiabatic mantle with a potential temperature of 1350 C and two plates, whose age and thermal structure follows the cooling 1d cooling profile for a half-space (infinite in the depth direction). One of these plates is attached to a slab that extends to 660 km depth, and has an age of 100 Myr at the trench. The upper plate is modelled with a younger thermal age, 25 Myr at the trench. Imposing an initial slab that reaches the transition zone was found to be a more stable initial configuration in terms of instabilities of the free surface. 7 levels of mesh refinement were used, with the largest (Q2) elements having an edge length of 45 km, and the smallest elements have an edge length of ∼ 700 m. The interface is modelled through an entrained weak layer approach. A thin layer (here 2 km thick) represented by a separate composition is imposed on the top of the subducting plate, as well as between the subducting slab and upper plate. This composition has a low coefficient of friction, providing a shear stress that varies between between about 10 - 20 MPa throughout the plate interface domain. See the included model input file (.prm) for further details.

Please provide any feedback on the model submission process?

No response

-> submitter ORCID (or name)

0000-0002-2207-6837

-> slug

sandiford-2021-detachment

-> license

CC-BY-4.0

-> model category

model published in study, forward model

-> associated publication DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021gc009681

-> model creators

-> model contributors

No response

-> title

No response

-> description

This model was developed in order to study the rotation of footwall rocks beneath oceanic detachment faults (ODFs). It showed that solid-block rotation dominates beneath a concave-down fault, while significant flexural stresses form later during "apparent unbending," causing both compression and extension-related brittle strain within oceanic core complexes (OCCs).

-> abstract

No response

-> scientific keywords

tectonics, faulting, detachment faults

-> funder

https://ror.org/05mmh0f86, DP180102280
https://www.helmholtz.de/, VH-NG-1132

-> include model code ?

• yes

-> model code/inputs DOI

https://github.com/dansand/odf_paper

-> model code/inputs notes

ASPECT Input files for model. Input file has been updated for compatibility with more recent ASPECT versions. Input file tested on ASPECT version 2.6.0-pre (fix_stresses_elasticity, 621dd61f2), using deal.II 9.4.2.

-> include model output data?

• yes

-> data creators

0000-0002-2207-6837

-> model output data DOI

No response

-> model output data notes

Data directory contains output data for 2 simulations stored in the following directories: ref_model_hires, alt_model_hires. Top level contains typical ASPECT output files, including log.txt and restart files. Topography and mesh variables were output at 100 Kyr intervals. Model end time is 5 Myr. Main output data consists of of plain text files representing model topography (e.g. topography.00000), vtu files (in the ./solution sub-directory) representing model output fields (e.g. solution-00000.0000.vtu). At each output step, there are 16 vtu files written. These can be opened with Paraview using the solution.pvd file in the top level.

-> model output data size

Model output data total about 11Gb

-> software framework DOI/URI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8200213

-> software framework source repository

No response

-> name of primary software framework (e.g. Underworld, ASPECT, Badlands, OpenFOAM)

No response

-> software framework authors

No response

-> software & algorithm keywords

C++, finite-element, mesh-refinement

-> computer URI/DOI

https://dx.doi.org/10.25914/608bfd1838db2

-> add landing page image and caption

Deviatoric stresses and vorticity in reference model.

-> add an animation (if relevant)

https://github.com/ModelAtlasofTheEarth/Model_Submission/assets/10967872/1f89632e-53ee-4b34-8eaf-2f8a8ce351a4
Animation for alternative model showing vorticity.

-> add a graphic abstract figure (if relevant)

Schematic showing the stress state that would be generated assuming elastic constitutive response of the ODF footwall (top). Bottom shows the strain-rate due to "advective" component of the curvature rate.

-> add a model setup figure (if relevant)

Initial conditions, showing mesh refinement.

-> add a description of your model setup

The domain is $400 ; \mathrm{km}$ wide and $100 ; \mathrm{km}$ deep, and includes five levels of mesh refinement, as shown in the figure. The model is initialised with a symmetric temperature structure, defined by a transient 1-D cooling profile, with an age of $0.5 ; \mathrm{Myr}$ in the center of the domain. The thermal profile ages outwardly in proportion to the applied spreading rate of $2 ; \mathrm{cm,{yr}^{-1}}$ (full rate), which is representative for slow spreading ridges. Uniform inflow at the bottom boundary balances the outward flux of material at the side boundaries. The model has a true free surface, and a diffusion process is applied to the surface topography in order to counteract strong mesh deformation. A simplification here is that the effect of the water column is ignored, i.e. the detachment system is modeled as sub-aerial. There is no compositional differentiation in the model (i.e. no crust/mantle) and all parts of the domain are subject to the same constitutive model. The constitutive model incorporates viscous (dislocation creep), elastic and plastic (pseudo-brittle) deformation mechanisms, hereafter referred to as visco-elastic plastic (VEP) rheology, following the approach of Moresi et al. (2003). The advection-diffusion equation included an anomalously- high diffusivity $(3 \times {10}^{-6} ; \mathrm{m^2 , s^{-1}})$ which is intended to model the near axis cooling effect of hydrothermal circulation (cf. Lavier and Buck, 2002). As implemented here, the higher diffusivity applies throughout the domain, rather than being localized at the ridge (as in Lavier and Buck, 2002). The parameters chosen here result in $\sim 10 ; \mathrm{km}$ lithosphere at the ridge axis, which is in the range identified for ODF development. Due to the difference in diffusivity values in the initial conditions $({10}^{-6} ; \mathrm{m^2 , s^{-1}})$, and temperature evolution equation $(3 \times {10}^{-6})$, the thermal structure is not in steady state and some cooling of the off-axis lithosphere occurs.

-> submitter ORCID (or name)

0000-0002-1521-7910

-> slug

RodriguezCorcho-2022-ArcCollision

-> license

CC-BY-4.0

-> alternative license URL

No response

-> model category

model published in study

-> model status

completed

-> associated publication DOI

https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GC010386

-> model creators

No response

-> title

The Role of Lithospheric-Deep Mantle Interactions on the Style and Stress Evolution of Arc-Continent Collision

-> description

The model is designed to investigate the role of buoyancy contrasts in determining the style of arc-continent collision and the stress and strain evolution in the continental plate

-> abstract

We investigate how the mechanical properties of intra-oceanic arcs affect the collision style and associated stress-strain evolution with buoyancy-driven models of subduction that accurately reproduce the dynamic interaction of the lithosphere and mantle. We performed a series of simulations only varying the effective arc thickness as it controls the buoyancy of intra-oceanic arcs. Our simulations spontaneously evolve into two contrasting styles of collision that are controlled by a 3% density contrast between the arc and the continental plate. In simulations with less buoyant arcs (15–31 km; effective thickness), we observe arc-transference to the overriding plate and slab-anchoring and folding at the 660 km transition zone that result in fluctuations in the slab dip, strain-stress regime, surface kinematics, and viscous dissipation. After slab-folding occurs, the gravitational potential energy is dissipated in the form of lithospheric flow causing lithospheric extension in the overriding plate. Conversely, simulations with more buoyant arcs (32–35 km; effective thickness) do not lead to arc-transference and result in slab break-off, which causes an asymptotic trend in surface kinematics, viscous dissipation and strain-stress regime, and lithospheric extension in the overriding plate. The results of our numerical modeling highlight the importance of slab-anchoring and folding in the 660 km transition zone on increasing the mechanical coupling of the subduction system.

-> scientific keywords

buoyancy contrast, gravitational collapse, arc-collision, slab-folding, slab-anchoring

-> funder

Australian Research Council's ITRH Project, IH130200012 and DP150102887
Colombian Government PhD Scholarship, 783
Colombian Association of Petroleum Geologists and Geophysicists, Corrigan grant 2019
Auscope
Nectar Research Cloud
National Computational Infrastructure, projects m18 and mw52

-> model embargo?

No response

-> include model code ?

• yes

-> model code/inputs DOI

https://github.com/andresrcorcho/Dynamics-of-Arc-Continent-Collision

-> model code/inputs notes

The model is set up using a python script and uses the Underworld 2 geodynamic code. In the GitHub repo, the original script used to run the model is available, and also the script used for post-processing.

-> include model output data?

• yes

-> data creators

0000-0002-1521-7910, Rodriguez Corcho Andres Felipe

-> model output data DOI

No response

-> model output data notes

The output consists of xdmf and h5 files. There is one xdmf file per time step (every 0.5 Myr) and a set of h5 files that contain the distinct model properties.

-> model output data size

~140 Gb

-> software framework DOI/URI

https://zenodo.org/records/3996738

-> software framework source repository

https://github.com/underworldcode/UWGeodynamics

-> name of primary software framework (e.g. Underworld, ASPECT, Badlands, OpenFOAM)

Underworld2

-> software framework authors

0000-0003-3891-5444, Beucher Romain
0000-0003-3685-174X, Moresi Louis
0000-0003-4515-9296, Giordani Julian
0000-0001-5865-1664, Mansour Jhon
0000-0002-2207-6837, Sandiford Dan
0000-0002-2594-6965, Farrington Rebecca
0000-0001-7779-509X, Mondy Luke
0000-0003-2595-2414, Mallard Claire
0000-0002-1767-8593, Rey Patrice
0000-0002-9512-7252, Duclaux Guillaume
0000-0001-6303-5671, Kaluza Owen
0000-0002-3484-7985, Laik Arijit
0000-0002-1270-4377, Polanco Sara

-> software & algorithm keywords

Python, Finite Element, MPI, Particle-in-cell

-> computer URI/DOI

No response

-> add landing page image and caption

Stress evolution of more buoyant arc-continent collision. This style of collision results in slab break-off

-> add an animation (if relevant)

Evolution of less buoyant arc-continent collision. This style of collision results in arc transference to the continental overriding plate.

animation_25.1.mp4

-> add a graphic abstract figure (if relevant)

This research shows that a buoyancy contrast of 3% between the colliding buoyant remnant arc and the continental plate determines the style of collision. A buoyancy contrast less than 3% results in arc transference to the continental overriding plate and slab-anchoring . In contrast, a buoyancy contrast more than 3% results in slab break-off and failed arc transference.

-> add a model setup figure (if relevant)

-> add a description of your model setup

The model develops in a cartesian domain 3600 km in length (in the horizontal direction) and 800 km in depth. It includes an oceanic subducting plate (dark yellow), an overriding plate composed by a continental (cyan) and cratonic domain (dark blue), and a ribbon of thicker crust representing a remnant = intra-oceanic arc attached to the oceanic plate (red). The upper mantle and the upper-lower mantle boundary are included to capture deep-mantle slab interactions. Orange, yellow, and dark green dots show locations where subducting plate convergence velocity, the trench-retreat velocity and the overriding plate (OP) retreat velocity were measured. The (b–e) profiles show a schematic lithospheric cross-section of the domains considered in our model set-up. (b) Lithospheric profile of the oceanic plate which is composed by a 7 km thick oceanic crust and the cold-brittle oceanic lithospheric mantle. (c) Lithospheric profile of the cratonic continental lithosphere which is composed by a 40 km thick continental crust and a thermally mature and thicker continental lithospheric mantle. (d) Lithospheric profile of the continental plate which is composed by a 20 km thick continental crust and a thermally mature continental lithospheric mantle. (e) lithospheric profile of the intra-oceanic arc composed by an upper arc-crust of basaltic composition, and a middle-lower arc crust averaged between gabbro (same as basalt) and tonalite. Therefore, a thicker middle-lower intra-oceanic arc crust makes the arc more buoyant. Note that the effective arc thickness is defined as the overall thickness of all crustal levels: upper crust, middle-lower crust. Because the effective thickness of the upper intra-oceanic arc crust tends to be similar to the normal oceanic crust, the middle-lower arc crust can be considered as a free parameter as implemented in Leng & Gurnis [2015].

Please provide any feedback on the model submission process?

The process for adding ORCID iDs in the software framework section is time-consuming. Maybe the ORCID can be retrieved in the same fashion as the authors from the paper?. There are issues when dragging images to the boxes. It is better to just use copy and paste.