The LSVMTools project provides tools for shielding Linux VMs operating in the Microsoft(R) Windows Hyper-V environment. LSVMTools aims to protect Linux VMs from attack while at rest and in flight. It builds on the following technologies.
- Windows Server 2016 Guarded Fabric
- Hyper-V Shielded VMs
- UEFI
- TPM 2.0
- Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS)
- dm-crypt
LSVMTools provides two main tools.
- LSVMPREP - Prepares the image for shielding
- LSVMLOAD - The primary boot loader for the image
LVSMPREP prepares the Linux enviroment for shielding. After the image is prepared, it must be templatized and provisioned as described in the LSVM How-To document. LSVMPREP performs the following steps.
- Encrypts the boot partition with a well-known passphrase
- Patches the system to automatically mount the encyrpted boot parition
- Installs LSVMLOAD on the EFI System Partition (ESP)
- TPM-seals the passphrases and stores them on the ESP
- Copies the SHIM and GRUB2 to the encrypted boot partition
- Patches the initial ramdisk configuration to get passphrases non-interactively
- Regenerates the initial ramdisks and GRUB2 configuration
- Applies any UEFI dbx updates (for black-listed boot loaders)
After these steps are performed, the image is ready to be templatized. See the LSVM How-To document for details.
LSVMLOAD becomes the primary EFI boot loader for the Linux VM. UEFI loads LSVMLOAD, assuming it passes certificate verification (LSVMLOAD must be signed by a certificate that Hyper-V trusts). LSVMLOAD performs the following steps.
- Uses TPM to unseal a keyfile (containing the disk partition passphrases)
- Maps the ESP onto an ESP ramdisk
- Maps the encrypted boot partition onto an unencrypted boot ramdisk
- Patches the initial ramdisk with the keyfile (on the boot ramdisk)
- Loads the Linux SHIM from the boot ramdisk
- Launches the SHIM, which is redirected to the ESP ramdisk
The SHIM finds GRUB2 on the ESP ramdisk (copied from the encrypted boot partition by LSVMLOAD). The SHIM executes GRUB2, which is redirected to the boot ramdisk, where it finds:
- A patched GRUB2 configuration file
- A patched initial ramdisk (patched by LSVMLOAD with the keyfile)
- The Linux kernel
GRUB2 executes the kernel and the initial ramdisk. The initial ramdisk mounts the boot and root partitions using the keyfile injected by LSVMLOAD.
LSVMLOAD works using unmodified SHIM and GRUB2 executables, making it possible to configure a Linux environment for shielding without having to change any programs along the boot chain.
LSVMTool current supports the following Linux distributions.
- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS with the 4.4 kernel
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.3
- SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 Service Pack 2
This section explains how to install from a binary distribution. Binary distributions can be downloaded from the following link.
These distributions include LSVMPREP and a signed LSVMLOAD.
Use the following commands to install the distibution.
# tar zxvf lsvmtools-1.0.0-x86_64.tar.gz
# cd lsvmtools-1.0.0-x86_64
# ./install
Created /opt/lsvmtools-1.0.0
This installs LSVMTools in the following location.
/opt/lsvmtools-1.0.0
Caution: Running LSVMPREP encrypts the boot partition and makes irreversible configuration changes to a virtual machine. Only run LSVMPREP to prepare an image for templatization.
To run LSVMPREP, execute the following commands as root.
# cd /opt/lsvmtools-1.0.0
# ./lsvmprep
***************************************************
* ____ _ _ _ _____ ___ ___ _ _ *
* / ___| / \ | | | |_ _|_ _/ _ \| \ | | *
* | | / _ \| | | | | | | | | | | \| | *
* | |___ / ___ \ |_| | | | | | |_| | |\ | *
* \____/_/ \_\___/ |_| |___\___/|_| \_| *
* *
* *
* LSVMPREP is about to encrypt the boot partition *
* and make irreversible configuration changes to *
* this machine. If you are certain you want to *
* proceed, type YES in uppercase and then press *
* enter; else press ENTER to terminate. *
* *
***************************************************
> _
If LSVMPREP runs successfully, the image is ready to be templatized. See LSVM How-To for what to do next.
This section explains how to build LSVMTools from source, but note that LSVMPREP requires a signed LSVMLOAD image, which must be downloaded separately (see the previous section for details).
To build LSVMTools, type these commands.
# ./configure
# make
These commands build LSVMPREP and an unsigned LSVMLOAD.
To run the tests, type:
# make tests
In case anything goes wrong, use the following command to recover LUKS keys.
# dmsetup table --showkeys
LSVMTools
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