A sympy based python package for symbolic calculation of quantum circuit and machine learning. See GitHub: https://github.com/r08222011/Qympy
Simply run pip install, see Qympy
pip install qympySee qympy/example/example_circuit.ipynb
1. Circuit Initialization
Common circuits ansatz can be found in qympy.quantum_circuit, mostly follow with Qiskit.operations. To build a circuit from beginning, use qympy.quantum_circuit.sp_circuit.Circuit. The basic use of Circuit is same as Qiskit. For example:
from qympy.quantum_circuit.sp_circuit import Circuit
qc = Circuit(3) # initialize a 3-qubit quantum circuit
qc.h(0) # Hadamard gate on 0th qubit
qc.ry("x", 0) # y-rotation on 0th qubit with theta = x
qc.rxx("y", 1, 2) # xx-rotation on 1st and 2nd qubits with theta = y
qc.cx(0,1) # CNOT on 1st and 2nd qubits
qc.cz(1,2) # CZ on 1st and 2nd qubits2. Draw the circuit
We now have initialized a quantum circuit. To see the circuit we built, we can use Circuit.draw(). This method use qiskit.circuit.QuantumCircuit.draw with draw('mpl') as default. For example:
qc.draw("mpl")
3. Evolve and measure the circuit
The last step for getting the analytic expression is to call the method Circuit.evolve(). This will calculate the final state with the gates applied. After evolving the quantum state, we can measure the quantum state with X, Y, Z basis with a single certain qubit. For example:
'''It would be a good habit to evolve the state first.
Although when using 'measure' qympy will automatically evolve if you haven't evolve.
We design in this way since we won't always need to know the final state for every case.'''
qc.evolve() # evolve the circuit
result = qc.measure(2, "Z") # measure the 2nd qubit in Z-basisThe result would be
2 2
⎛ ⎛x⎞ ⎛x⎞⎞ ⎛ ⎛x⎞ ⎛x⎞⎞ ⎛
⎜ √2⋅sin⎜─⎟ √2⋅cos⎜─⎟⎟ ⎜ √2⋅sin⎜─⎟ √2⋅cos⎜─⎟⎟ ⎜√
⎜ ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠⎟ 2⎛y⎞ ⎜ ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠⎟ 2⎛y⎞ ⎜
- ⎜- ───────── + ─────────⎟ ⋅sin ⎜─⎟ + ⎜- ───────── + ─────────⎟ ⋅cos ⎜─⎟ - ⎜─
⎝ 2 2 ⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎝
2 2
⎛x⎞ ⎛x⎞⎞ ⎛ ⎛x⎞ ⎛x⎞⎞
2⋅sin⎜─⎟ √2⋅cos⎜─⎟⎟ ⎜√2⋅sin⎜─⎟ √2⋅cos⎜─⎟⎟
⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠⎟ 2⎛y⎞ ⎜ ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠⎟ 2⎛y⎞
──────── + ─────────⎟ ⋅sin ⎜─⎟ + ⎜───────── + ─────────⎟ ⋅cos ⎜─⎟
2 2 ⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠ ⎝2⎠See qympy/example/example_ml.ipynb
In this section, we demonstrate how to use symbolic expression to calculate machine learning, including classical and quantum machine learning, also hybrid. We use a very simple hybrid model with 2-dimensional input data for example.
1. Contruct a hybrid model
We construct a hybrid model with a Linear layer followed by a quantum circuit, which is constructed with AngleEncoding and SingleRot, and finally end up with a Measurement.
import sympy as sp
from qympy.quantum_circuit.sp_circuit import Circuit
from qympy.machine_learning.classical import Linear
from qympy.machine_learning.quantum import Measurement, AngleEncoding, SingleRot
class HybridModel:
def __init__(self, input_dim):
self.net = [
Linear(input_dim, input_dim),
AngleEncoding(input_dim, rot_gate="ry") + SingleRot(input_dim, rot_mode=['rz'], ent_mode='cx'),
Measurement(qubits=[0], bases=["Z"]),
]
def __call__(self, x):
for submodel in self.net:
x = submodel(x)
return x2. Feed forward the input data
We then feed forward a 2-dimensional data x = [x0, x1]
# initialize input variables: x0 and x1
x0 = sp.Symbol("x0", real=True)
x1 = sp.Symbol("x1", real=True)
x = sp.Matrix([x0, x1])
# create a hybrid model
input_dim = len(x)
model = HybridModel(input_dim)
result = model(x)[0]The result would be
2⎛L¹₀ L¹₁⋅x₀ L¹₂⋅x₁⎞ 2⎛L²₀ L²₁⋅x₀ L²₂⋅x₁⎞ 2⎛L¹₀ L¹₁⋅x₀
- sin ⎜─── + ────── + ──────⎟⋅sin ⎜─── + ────── + ──────⎟ - sin ⎜─── + ──────
⎝ 2 2 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 2 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 2
L¹₂⋅x₁⎞ 2⎛L²₀ L²₁⋅x₀ L²₂⋅x₁⎞ 2⎛L²₀ L²₁⋅x₀ L²₂⋅x₁⎞ 2⎛L¹₀
+ ──────⎟⋅cos ⎜─── + ────── + ──────⎟ + sin ⎜─── + ────── + ──────⎟⋅cos ⎜─── +
2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 2 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 2 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2
L¹₁⋅x₀ L¹₂⋅x₁⎞ 2⎛L¹₀ L¹₁⋅x₀ L¹₂⋅x₁⎞ 2⎛L²₀ L²₁⋅x₀ L²₂⋅x₁⎞
────── + ──────⎟ + cos ⎜─── + ────── + ──────⎟⋅cos ⎜─── + ────── + ──────⎟
2 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 2 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 2 2 ⎠
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