manjunath5496 / the-greatest-biologists-of-all-time Goto Github PK

[1] Alexander von Humboldt

Birth: 14 September 1769, Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia in the Holy Roman Empire

Death: 6 May 1859 (aged 89), Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia in the German Confederation

Known for: Humboldtian science

"There are three stages of scientific discovery: first people deny it is true; then 
they deny it is important; finally they credit the wrong person."
 
 ― Alexander Von Humboldt

Publications:

• Cosmos: A Sketch of the Physical Description of the Universe, Vol. 1
• Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America During the Years 1799-1804
• Essay on the Geography of Plants
• Letters of Alexander von Humboldt (Written between the Years 1827 and 1858, to Varnhagen von Ense; Together with Extracts from Varnhagen's Diaries, and Letters from Varnhagen and Others to Humboldt)
• Cosmos: A Sketch of the Physical Description of the Universe, Vol. 2
• Views of Nature
• The Island of Cuba
• Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New continent during the years 1799-1804

[2] Andreas Vesalius

Birth: 31 December 1514, Brussels, Habsburg Netherlands

Death: 15 October 1564 (aged 49), Zakynthos, Venetian Ionian Islands

Known for: De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body)

"I am not accustomed to saying anything with certainty after only one or two observations."
 
 ― Andreas Vesalius

Publications:

• Andreas Vesalius Bruxellensis: The Bloodletting Letter of 1539
• The illustrations from the works of Andreas Vesalius of Brussels
• Vesalius: The China Root Epistle

[3] Antoine Lavoisier

Birth: 26 August 1743, Paris, France

Death: 8 May 1794 (aged 50), Paris, France

Known for: Combustion

"Life is a chemical process."
 
 ―  Antoine Lavoisier

Publications:

• Essays Physical and Chemical
• Elements of Chemistry, In a New Systematic Order, Containing all the Modern Discoveries

[4] Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Birth: 24 October 1632, Delft, Dutch Republic

Death: 26 August 1723 (aged 90), Delft, Dutch Republic

Known for: the Microscopic discovery of microorganisms (animalcule)

"In the year 1657 I discovered very small living creatures in rain water."
 
 ―  Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Publications:

• The Select Works of Antony Van Leeuwenhoek: Containing His Microscopical Discoveries in Many of the Works of Nature

[5] Aristotle

Birth: 384 BC, Stagira, Chalcidian League

Death: 322 BC (aged approx. 62), Euboea, Macedonian Empire

Known for: Classified organisms into a "Ladder of Life"

"The energy of the mind is the essence of life."
 
 ―  Aristotle

Publications:

• History of Animals
• Aristotle's Physics (I-II)
• Prior Analytics
• Posterior Analytics
• De Anima (On the Soul)
• Aristotle - Works
• Metaphysics
• Categories
• Ethics
• Generation of animals
• On Generation and Corruption
• Meteorology
• Parts of Animals
• On Sophistical Refutations. On Coming-to-be and Passing Away. On the Cosmos
• On the Heavens

[6] Claude Bernard

Birth: 12 July 1813, Saint-Julien

Death: 10 February 1878 (aged 64), Paris

Known for: Blind experimental method for objective results

"It's what we think we know that keeps us from learning."
 
 ―  Claude Bernard

Publications:

• Illustrated manual of operative surgery and surgical anatomy (Part I)
• Illustrated manual of operative surgery and surgical anatomy (Part II)
• An introduction to the study of experimental medicine
• A text book of operative surgery and surgical anatomy: Part I
• A text book of operative surgery and surgical anatomy: Part II

[7] Charles Darwin

Birth: 12 February 1809, The Mount, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England

Death: 19 April 1882 (aged 73), Down House, Downe, Kent, England

Known for: Theory of Evolution

"A man who dares to waste one hour of time has not discovered the value of life."
 
 ―  Charles Darwin

Publications:

• Volcanic Islands
• Insectivorous plants
• The Power of Movement in Plants
• The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809-1882
• The Formation of Vegetable Mould
• Geological Observations On South America
• The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species
• The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs
• The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
• The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals
• The Foundation of the Origin of Species
• Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, Volume 2
• Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, Volume 1
• The Origin of Species: By Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life
• The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication
• The Voyage Of The Beetle

[8] Edward Jenner

Birth: 17 May 1749, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England

Death: 26 January 1823 (aged 73), Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England

Known for: Creating the first effective vaccine for smallpox

"I hope that some day the practice of producing cowpox in human beings 
will spread over the world - when that day comes, there will be no more smallpox."
 
 ―  Edward Jenner

Publications:

• Letter from Doctor Edward Jenner, to William Dillwyn, on the effects of vaccination, in preserving from the small-pox
• The Three Original Publications on Vaccination Against Smallpox
• An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae
• A Continuation of Facts and Observations Relative to the Variolæ Vaccinæ, or Cow-Pox. 1800

[9] Claudius Galenus

Birth: September 129 AD, Pergamon, Asia, Roman Empire

Death: c. 210 AD, Rome, Roman Empire

Known for: First to introduce medicinal experimentation

"Employment is nature's physician and is essential to human happiness."
 
 ―  Claudius Galenus

Publications:

• The writings of Hippocrates and Galen: Part 1
• The writings of Hippocrates and Galen: Part 2
• Galen On the Natural Faculties
• Galen's On the Elements According to Hippocrates
• Galen on anatomical procedures
• Galen on Mental Disorders
• Galen, Three Treatises

[10] Gregor Mendel

Birth: 20 July 1822, Heinzendorf bei Odrau, Silesia, Austrian Empire

Death: 6 January 1884 (aged 61), Brünn, Moravia, Austria-Hungary

Known for: Modern Genetics

"I am convinced that it will not be long before the whole world acknowledges the results of my work."
 
 ―  Gregor Mendel

Publications:

• Experiments on Plant Hybridization

[11] Hippocrates

Birth: c. 460 BC, Kos, Ancient Greece

Death: c. 370 BC (aged c. 90), Larissa, Ancient Greece

Known for: The Father of Western Medicine

"Science is the father of knowledge, but opinion breeds ignorance."
 
 ―  Hippocrates

Publications:

• Hippocratic writings: Part I
• Hippocratic writings: Part II
• On Airs, Waters, and Places
• The Aphorisms of Hippocrates
• Hippocrates On head wounds
• On Fractures
• The Genuine Works Of Hippocrates
• On Regimen in Acute Diseases
• Hippocrates: Volume II
• On the Sacred Disease
• Hippocrates: Volume I

[12] Joseph Lister

Birth: 5 April 1827, Upton House, West Ham, England

Death: 10 February 1912 (aged 84), Walmer, Kent, England

Known for: Using antiseptics for cleaning and sterilizing wounds

"I trust I may be enabled in the treatment of patients always to act with a single eye to their good."
 
 ―  Joseph Lister 

Publications:

• The Collected Papers of Joseph, Baron Lister: Part I
• The Collected Papers of Joseph, Baron Lister: Part II
• The Autobiography of Joseph Lister: Of Bradford in Yorkshire, to which is Added a Contemporary Account of the Defence of Bradford and Capture of Leeds by the Parliamentarians in 1642
• On the Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery

[13] Louis Pasteur

Birth: December 27, 1822, Dole, Jura, France

Death: September 28, 1895 (aged 72), Marnes-la-Coquette, France

Known for: Created the process of pasteurization for treating milk and wine

"In the fields of observation chance favors only the prepared mind."
 
 ―  Louis Pasteur 

Publications:

• The Foundations of Stereo Chemistry
• Studies on Fermentation: The Diseases of Beer, Their Causes, and the Means of Preventing Them

[14] Joseph Priestley

Birth: 24 March [O.S. 13 March] 1733, Birstall, West Riding of Yorkshire, UK

Death: 6 February 1804 (aged 70), Northumberland, Pennsylvania, US

Known for: Discovery of Oxygen

"In completing one discovery we never fail to get an imperfect knowledge of others."
 
 ―  Joseph Priestley  

Publications:

• Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air (1774–86)
• The History and Present State of Electricity
• Observations on Respiration, and the Use of the Blood

[15] Rachel Carson

Birth: May 27, 1907, Springdale, Pennsylvania, U.S.

Death: April 14, 1964 (aged 56), Silver Spring, Maryland, U.S.

Known for: Movement against using pesticides

"In nature nothing exists alone."
 
 ―  Rachel Carson  

Publications:

• Silent Spring
• The Sea Around Us
• Under the Sea Wind
• The Edge of the Sea

[16] Robert Brown

Birth: 21 December 1773, Montrose, Scotland, UK

Death: 10 June 1858 (aged 84), 17 Dean St, Soho Square, London, England

Known for: Discovered the cell nucleus

"Who hears music feels his solitude peopled at once."
 
 ―  Robert Brown  

Publications:

• The miscellaneous botanical works of Robert Brown: Part I
• The miscellaneous botanical works of Robert Brown: Part II
• Chloris Melvilliana: A List of Plants Collected in Melville Island
• General remarks, geographical and systematical, on the botany of Terra Australis

[17] Robert Hooke

Birth: 28 July [O.S. 18 July] 1635, Freshwater, Isle of Wight, England

Death: 3 March 1703 (aged 67), London, England

Known for: Coined the term "cell"

"It is commonly believed that anyone who tabulates numbers is a statistician.
This is like believing that anyone who owns a scalpel is a surgeon."
 
 ―  Robert Hooke  

Publications:

• Micrographia
• Philosophical experiments and observations of the late eminent Robert Hooke: Part I
• Philosophical experiments and observations of the late eminent Robert Hooke: Part II