Manage AWS instances using the Vagrant client, running in Docker.

Build:

$ docker build -t aws-vagrant .

And make any desired edits to the Vagrantfile.

Now run:

$ docker run \
         --rm \
         -ti \
         -v "$PWD:/app" \
         -v "$HOME/.ssh:/app/ssh" \
         -e AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID \
         -e AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY \
         -e AWS_SESSION_TOKEN \
         aws-vagrant \
         vagrant up --provider=aws

The last line is the actual vagrant command, run inside docker.

This assumes you have the AWS credentials in the environment. If they live in your ~/.aws directory instead, use this:

$ docker run \
         --rm \
         -ti \
         -v "$PWD:/app" \
         -v "$HOME/.ssh:/app/ssh" \
         -v "$HOME/.aws:/root/.aws" \
         aws-vagrant \
         vagrant up --provider=aws

(actually I'm not 100% on whether that works. you might need to play around with the Vagrantfile a bit.)

This uses Docker because installing vagrant and the aws-vagrant plugin may not be desirable on the system you want to use it from. E.g.: a CI box.