Your assignment today is to build the fi JS library. This is a toolset of useful functional programming helpers, following the functional programming paradigm.
NOTE You should try to first complete this assignment by testing your functions with the example inputs found in this readme. Open index.html in the browser and try to use Chrome's debugging tools. When you've finished, feel free to run learn from your terminal. Try doing this using BDD first, then run the tests.
Your functions should conform to the following guidelines:
- Write pure functions
- Avoid sharing or mutating state
- Avoid side effects
Given the same input your functions should always return the same value.
Below you will find a list of function descriptions detailing what their name, parameters and return value should be. Your job is to develop the code to implement these functions.
The entire fi library should be wrapped in an Immediately Invoked Function Expression (IIFE), like the example below.
fi = (function() {
return {
libraryMethod: function() {
return "Start by reading https://medium.com/javascript-scene/master-the-javascript-interview-what-is-functional-programming-7f218c68b3a0";
},
each: function() {
/*TODO*/
}
};
})();
fi.libraryMethod();More info on the Module Pattern
The point of this exercise is to build your own implementation of Higher Order Functions using lower level building blocks of the JavaScript language. So, your implementation of map should not use the native JavaScript map. Your version should use a for loop, while loop, or for in loop to produce the functionality described.
fi.each
fi.each(collection, callback)
Iterates over a collection of elements, passing each element in turn to a callback function. Each invocation of callback is called with one argument. If collection is an array, callback's argument will be a value within the array. If collection is a JavaScript object, callback's argument will be a value within the object (keys are not passed into callback). Returns the original collection for chaining.
fi.each([1, 2, 3], alert);
=> alerts each number in turn and returns the original collection
fi.each({one: 1, two: 2, three: 3}, alert);
=> alerts each number value in turn and returns the original collectionfi.map
fi.map(collection, callback)
Produces a new array of values by mapping each value in collection through a transformation function (callback). The callback is passed one argument. Returns a new array for chaining without modifying the original.
fi.map([1, 2, 3], function(num){ return num * 3; });
=> [3, 6, 9]
fi.map({one: 1, two: 2, three: 3}, function(num, key){ return num * 3; });
=> [3, 6, 9]fi.reduce
fi.reduce(collection, callback, [acc])
Reduce boils down a collection of values into a single value. Acc (short for accumulator) starts as the initial state of the reduction, and with each successive step it should be accumulate the return value of callback. If there is no accumulator, the initial state is represented by the first value in the array or object. The callback is passed three arguments: the acc, the current value in our iteration (the element in the array or object), and finally a reference to the entire collection.
fi.reduce([4,3], function(acc, val, collection) { return acc / val; }, 12);
=> 1
fi.reduce([1, 2, 3], function(acc, val, collection) { return acc + val; });
=> 6fi.find
fi.find(collection, predicate)
Looks through each value in the collection, returning the first one that passes a truth test (predicate), or undefined if no value passes the test. The function returns as soon as it finds an acceptable element, and doesn't traverse the entire collection.
fi.find([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num){ return num % 2 == 0; });
=> 2fi.filter
fi.filter(collection, predicate)
Looks through each value in the collection, returning an array of all the values that pass a truth test (predicate).
fi.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num){ return num % 2 == 0; });
=> [2, 4, 6]fi.size
fi.size(collection)
Return the number of values in the collection.
fi.size({one: 1, two: 2, three: 3});
=> 3fi.first
fi.first(array, [n])
Returns the first element of an array. Passing n will return the first n elements of the array.
fi.first([5, 4, 3, 2, 1]);
=> 5
fi.first([5, 4, 3, 2, 1], 3);
=> [5, 4, 3]fi.last
fi.last(array, [n])
Returns the last element of an array. Passing n will return the last n elements of the array.
fi.last([5, 4, 3, 2, 1]);
=> 1fi.compact
fi.compact(array)
Returns a copy of the array with all falsy values removed. In JavaScript, false, null, 0, "", undefined and NaN are all falsy.
fi.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
=> [1, 2, 3]fi.sortBy
fi.sortBy(array, callback)
Returns a sorted copy of array, ranked in ascending order by the results of running each value through callback. The values from the original array should be retained within the sorted copy, just in ascending order.
The point of this exercise is not to write your own sorting algorithm and you are free to use the native JS sort
If you would like to go deeper and try to construct your own sorting algorithm this is a great extension. Here is a list of sorting algorithms implemented in JS with additional resources
fi.sortBy([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num){ return Math.sin(num) });
=> [5, 4, 6, 3, 1, 2];fi.flatten (bonus function)
fi.flatten(array, [shallow])
Flattens a nested array (the nesting can be to any depth).
If you pass true for the second argument, the array will only be flattened a single level.
fi.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]]);
=> [1, 2, 3, 4];
fi.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]], true);
=> [1, 2, 3, [[4]]];fi.uniq
fi.uniq(array, [isSorted], [callback])
Produces a duplicate-free version of the array, using === to test object equality. In particular only the first occurrence of each value is kept. If you know in advance that the array is sorted, passing true for isSorted will run a much faster algorithm. If you want to compute unique items based on a transformation, pass a callback function.
Specifically, if the callback function returns the same value that a previous execution of the callback also returned, (even if the original array's elements are different), we don't include it in the return array.
fi.uniq([1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 3]);
=> [1, 2, 4, 3]
fi.uniq([1, 2, 3, 6], false, (x => x % 3));
=> [1, 2, 3]fi.keys
fi.keys(object)
Retrieve all the names of the object's own enumerable properties.
fi.keys({one: 1, two: 2, three: 3});
=> ["one", "two", "three"]fi.values
fi.values(object)
Return all of the values of the object's own properties.
fi.values({one: 1, two: 2, three: 3});
=> [1, 2, 3]fi.functions
fi.functions(object)
Returns a sorted collection of the names of every function in an object — that is to say, the name of every property whose value is a function.
fi.functions(fi);
=> ["compact", "each", "filter", "find", "first", "functions", "last", "map", "reduce", "size", "sortBy"]fi.giveMeMore
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