Quine Relay

What this is

This is a Ruby program that generates Rust program that generates Scala program that generates ...(through 128 languages in total)... REXX program that generates the original Ruby code again.

(If you want to see the old 50-language version, see 50 branch.)

Usage

Ubuntu

If you are using Ubuntu 19.04 (Disco Dingo), you can perform the following steps.

1. Install all interpreters/compilers.

First, you have to type the following apt-get command to install all of them.

$ sudo apt-get install afnix algol68g aplus-fsf aspectc++ aspectj \
  asymptote ats2-lang bash bc bf bison bsdgames bsh clisp clojure cmake \
  cmake coffeescript dafny dc ecere-dev elixir emacs25 erlang f2c fish \
  flex fp-compiler fsharp g++ gambas3-script gap gawk gcc gdb gdc \
  generator-scripting-language genius gforth gfortran ghc ghostscript \
  gnat gnu-smalltalk gnucobol gnuplot gobjc golang gri groff groovy \
  guile-2.0 gzip haxe icont iconx intercal iverilog jasmin-sable jq \
  julia ksh libgd-dev libpng-dev lisaac livescript llvm lua5.3 m4 make \
  maxima minizinc mlton mono-devel mono-mcs mono-vbnc nasm neko nickle \
  nim node-typescript nodejs ocaml octave openjdk-13-jdk pakcs pari-gp \
  parser3-cgi perl php-cli pike8.0 python r-base rakudo ratfor rc \
  regina-rexx ruby ruby-mustache rustc scala sed slsh spin squirrel3 \
  swi-prolog tcl tcsh valac vim xsltproc yabasic yorick zoem zsh

Then, build the bundled interpreters.

$ sudo apt-get install libpng-dev libgd-dev groff flex bison
$ make -C vendor

2. Run each program on each interpreter/compiler.

$ ulimit -s unlimited
$ ruby QR.rb > QR.rs
$ rustc QR.rs && ./QR > QR.scala
$ scalac QR.scala && scala QR > QR.scm
$ guile QR.scm > QR.sed
$ sed -E -f QR.sed QR.sed > QR.spl
$ ./vendor/local/bin/spl2c < QR.spl > QR.spl.c && gcc -o QR -I ./vendor/local/include -L ./vendor/local/lib QR.spl.c -lspl -lm &&
  ./QR > QR.sls
$ slsh QR.sls > QR.st
$ gst QR.st > QR.nut
$ squirrel QR.nut > QR.sml
$ mlton @MLton fixed-heap 200M -- QR.sml && ./QR > QR.sq
$ ruby vendor/subleq.rb QR.sq > QR.tcl
$ tclsh QR.tcl > QR.tcsh
$ tcsh QR.tcsh > QR.t
$ ruby vendor/thue.rb QR.t > QR.ts
$ tsc --outFile QR.ts.js QR.ts && nodejs QR.ts.js > QR.unl
$ ruby vendor/unlambda.rb QR.unl > QR.vala
$ valac QR.vala && ./QR > QR.mid
$ mono vendor/local/bin/Vlt.exe /s QR.mid && mono QR.exe > QR.v
$ iverilog -o QR QR.v && ./QR -vcd-none > QR.vim
$ vim -EsS QR.vim > QR.vb
$ vbnc QR.vb && mono ./QR.exe > QR.ws
$ ruby vendor/whitespace.rb QR.ws > QR.xslt
$ xsltproc QR.xslt > QR.yab
$ yabasic QR.yab > QR.yorick
$ yorick -batch QR.yorick > QR.azm
$ zoem -i QR.azm > QR.zsh
$ zsh QR.zsh > QR.+
$ a+ QR.+ > qr.adb
$ gnatmake qr.adb && ./qr > QR.als
$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/afnix axi QR.als > QR.aheui
$ go run vendor/goaheui/main.go QR.aheui > QR.a68
$ a68g QR.a68 > QR.ante
$ ruby vendor/ante.rb QR.ante > QR.cc
$ ag++ -o QR QR.cc && ./QR > QR.aj
$ JAVACMD=/usr/lib/jvm/java-13-openjdk-amd64/bin/java ajc QR.aj &&
  java QR > QR.asy
$ asy QR.asy > QR.dats
$ patscc -o QR QR.dats && ./QR > QR.awk
$ awk -f QR.awk > QR.bash
$ bash QR.bash > QR.bc
$ BC_LINE_LENGTH=4000000 bc -q QR.bc > QR.bsh
$ bsh QR.bsh > QR.bef
$ cfunge QR.bef > QR.Blc
$ ruby vendor/blc.rb < QR.Blc > QR.bf
$ bf -c500000 QR.bf > QR.c
$ gcc -o QR QR.c && ./QR > QR.cpp
$ g++ -o QR QR.cpp && ./QR > QR.cs
$ mcs QR.cs && mono QR.exe > QR.chef
$ PERL5LIB=vendor/local/lib/perl5 compilechef QR.chef QR.chef.pl &&
  perl QR.chef.pl > QR.clj
$ clojure QR.clj > QR.cmake
$ cmake -P QR.cmake > QR.cob
$ cobc -O2 -x QR.cob && ./QR > QR.coffee
$ coffee --nodejs --stack_size=100000 QR.coffee > QR.lisp
$ clisp QR.lisp > QR.curry
$ pakcs --nocypm :load QR.curry :save :quit && ./QR > QR.d
$ gdc -o QR QR.d && ./QR > QR.dfy
$ dafny QR.dfy && mono QR.exe > QR.dc
$ dc QR.dc > QR.ec || true
$ ecp -c QR.ec -o QR.sym && ecc -c QR.ec -o QR.c && ecs -console QR.sym QR.imp -o QR.main.ec &&
  ecp -c QR.main.ec -o QR.main.sym && ecc -c QR.main.ec -o QR.main.c &&
  gcc -o QR QR.c QR.main.c -lecereCOM && ./QR > QR.exs
$ elixir QR.exs > QR.el
$ emacs -Q --script QR.el > QR.erl
$ escript QR.erl > QR.fsx
$ fsharpc QR.fsx -o QR.exe && mono QR.exe > QR.false
$ ruby vendor/false.rb QR.false > QR.fl
$ flex -o QR.fl.c QR.fl && gcc -o QR QR.fl.c && ./QR > QR.fish
$ fish QR.fish > QR.fs
$ gforth QR.fs > QR.f
$ gfortran -o QR QR.f && ./QR > QR.f90
$ gfortran -o QR QR.f90 && ./QR > QR.gbs
$ gbs3 QR.gbs > QR.g
$ gap -q QR.g > QR.gdb
$ gdb -q -x QR.gdb > QR.gel
$ genius QR.gel > QR.gsl
$ gsl -q QR.gsl > QR.plt
$ gnuplot QR.plt > QR.go
$ go run QR.go > QR.gs
$ ruby vendor/golfscript.rb QR.gs > QR.grass
$ ruby vendor/grass.rb QR.grass > QR.gri
$ gri QR.gri > QR.groovy
$ groovy QR.groovy > QR.gz
$ gzip -cd QR.gz > QR.hs
$ ghc QR.hs && ./QR > QR.hx
$ haxe -main QR -neko QR.n && neko QR.n > QR.icn
$ icont -s QR.icn && ./QR > QR.i
$ ick -bfOc QR.i && gcc -static QR.c -I /usr/include/ick-* -o QR -lick &&
  ./QR > QR.j
$ jasmin QR.j && java QR > QR.java
$ javac QR.java && java QR > QR.js
$ nodejs QR.js > QR.jq
$ jq -r -n -f QR.jq > QR.jsfuck
$ nodejs --stack_size=100000 QR.jsfuck > QR.ksh
$ ksh QR.ksh > QR.lazy
$ lazyk QR.lazy > qr.li
$ lisaac qr.li && ./qr > QR.jl
$ julia QR.jl > QR.ls
$ lsc QR.ls > QR.ll
$ llvm-as QR.ll && lli QR.bc > QR.lol
$ lci QR.lol > QR.lua
$ lua5.3 QR.lua > QR.m4
$ m4 QR.m4 > QR.mk
$ make -f QR.mk > QR.mac
$ maxima -q --init-mac=QR.mac > QR.mzn
$ mzn2fzn QR.mzn && fzn-gecode QR.fzn | solns2out --soln-sep '' QR.ozn > QR.il
$ ilasm QR.il && mono QR.exe > QR.mustache
$ mustache QR.mustache QR.mustache > QR.asm
$ nasm -felf QR.asm && ld -m elf_i386 -o QR QR.o && ./QR > QR.neko
$ nekoc QR.neko && neko QR.n > QR.5c
$ nickle QR.5c > QR.nim
$ nim c QR.nim && ./QR > QR.m
$ gcc -o QR QR.m && ./QR > QR.ml
$ ocaml QR.ml > QR.octave
$ mv QR.m QR.m.bak && octave -qf QR.octave > QR.ook && mv QR.m.bak QR.m
$ ruby vendor/ook-to-bf.rb QR.ook QR.ook.bf && bf -c500000 QR.ook.bf > QR.gp
$ gp -f -q QR.gp > QR.p
$ parser3 QR.p > QR.pas
$ fpc QR.pas && ./QR > QR.pl
$ perl QR.pl > QR.pl6
$ perl6 QR.pl6 > QR.php
$ php QR.php > QR.png
$ npiet QR.png > QR.pike
$ pike QR.pike > QR.ps
$ gs -dNODISPLAY -q QR.ps > QR.ppt
$ ppt -d < QR.ppt > QR.prolog
$ swipl -q -t qr -f QR.prolog > QR.pr
$ spin -T QR.pr > QR.py
$ python QR.py > QR.R
$ R --slave -f QR.R > QR.ratfor
$ ratfor -o QR.ratfor.f QR.ratfor && gfortran -o QR QR.ratfor.f &&
  ./QR > QR.rc
$ rc QR.rc > QR.rexx
$ rexx ./QR.rexx > QR2.rb

You will see that QR.rb is the same as QR2.rb.

$ diff QR.rb QR2.rb

Alternatively, just type make.

$ make

Note: It may require huge memory to compile some files.

Arch Linux

Just install quine-relay-git from AUR and run quine-relay. Report any problems as comments to the AUR package or to the respective packages, if one of the many compilers should have issues.

Other platforms

You may find instructions for other platforms in the wiki.

If you are not using these Linux distributions, please find your way yourself. If you could do it, please let me know. Good luck.

Tested interpreter/compiler versions

I used the following Ubuntu deb packages to test this program.

#	language	ubuntu package	version
1	Ruby	ruby	1:2.5.1
2	Rust	rustc	1.32.0+dfsg1+llvm-1ubuntu1
3	Scala	scala	2.11.12-4
4	Scheme	guile-2.0	2.0.13+1-5ubuntu4
5	sed	sed	4.7-1
6	Shakespeare	N/A	-
7	S-Lang	slsh	2.3.2-1ubuntu1
8	Smalltalk	gnu-smalltalk	3.2.5-1.2build1
9	Squirrel	squirrel3	3.1-5
10	Standard ML	mlton	20130715-3
11	Subleq	N/A	-
12	Tcl	tcl	8.6.9+1
13	tcsh	tcsh	6.20.00-7build1
14	Thue	N/A	-
15	TypeScript	node-typescript	3.3.3333-1
16	Unlambda	N/A	-
17	Vala	valac	0.44.3-1
18	Velato	N/A	-
19	Verilog	iverilog	10.2-1.1build1
20	Vimscript	vim	2:8.1.0320-1ubuntu3
21	Visual Basic	mono-vbnc	4.0.1-2
22	Whitespace	N/A	-
23	XSLT	xsltproc	1.1.32-2ubuntu0.1
24	Yabasic	yabasic	1:2.82.1-1
25	Yorick	yorick	2.2.04+dfsg1-10
26	Zoem	zoem	11-166-1.2
27	zsh	zsh	5.5.1-1ubuntu3
28	A+	aplus-fsf	4.22.1-10
29	Ada	gnat	8.0.1ubuntu1
30	AFNIX	afnix	2.8.1-2
31	Aheui	N/A	-
32	ALGOL 68	algol68g	2.8.4-1
33	Ante	N/A	-
34	AspectC++	aspectc++	1:2.2+git20181008-2
35	AspectJ	aspectj	1.9.2-1
36	Asymptote	asymptote	2.47-2
37	ATS	ats2-lang	0.3.11-2
38	Awk	gawk	1:4.2.1+dfsg-1build1
39	bash	bash	5.0-3ubuntu1.1
40	bc	bc	1.07.1-2build1
41	BeanShell	bsh	2.0b4-19
42	Befunge	N/A	-
43	BLC8	N/A	-
44	Brainfuck	bf	20041219ubuntu6
45	C	gcc	4:8.3.0-1ubuntu3
46	C++	g++	4:8.3.0-1ubuntu3
47	C#	mono-mcs	5.18.0.240+dfsg-2ubuntu2
48	Chef	N/A	-
49	Clojure	clojure	1.10.0-1
50	CMake	cmake	3.13.4-1
51	Cobol	gnucobol	2.2-5
52	CoffeeScript	coffeescript	1.12.8~dfsg-4build1
53	Common Lisp	clisp	1:2.49.20180218+really2.49.92-3build2
54	Curry	pakcs	2.1.0-1
55	D	gdc	4:8.3.0-1ubuntu3
56	Dafny	dafny	1.9.7-1
57	dc	dc	1.07.1-2build1
58	eC	ecere-dev	0.44.15-1build1
59	Elixir	elixir	1.7.4-0.1
60	Emacs Lisp	emacs25	1:26.1+1-3.2ubuntu2
61	Erlang	erlang	1:21.2.6+dfsg-1
62	F#	fsharp	4.0.0.4+dfsg2-2
63	FALSE	N/A	-
64	Flex	flex	2.6.4-6.2
65	Fish	fish	3.0.2-1
66	Forth	gforth	0.7.3+dfsg-9
67	FORTRAN77	f2c	20160102-1
68	Fortran90	gfortran	4:8.3.0-1ubuntu3
69	Gambas script	gambas3-script	3.12.2-1ubuntu1
70	GAP	gap	4r10p0-7
71	GDB	gdb	8.2.91.20190405-0ubuntu3
72	GEL (Genius)	genius	1.0.24-2build1
73	GeneratorScriptingLanguage	generator-scripting-language	4.1.5-3
74	Gnuplot	gnuplot	5.2.6+dfsg1-1
75	Go	golang	2:1.10~4ubuntu1
76	GolfScript	N/A	-
77	Grass	N/A	-
78	Gri	gri	2.12.26-1build2
79	Groovy	groovy	2.4.16-2ubuntu1
80	Gzip	gzip	1.9-3
81	Haskell	ghc	8.4.4+dfsg1-2
82	Haxe	haxe	1:3.4.7-1
83	Icon	icont, iconx	9.4.3-7ubuntu1
84	INTERCAL	intercal	30:0.30-2
85	Jasmin	jasmin-sable	2.5.0-2
86	Java	openjdk-13-jdk	13~13-0ubunt1
87	JavaScript	nodejs	10.15.2~dfsg-1
88	Jq	jq	1.5+dfsg-2build1
89	JSFuck	nodejs	10.15.2~dfsg-1
90	ksh	ksh	93u+20120801-3.1ubuntu1
91	Lazy K	N/A	-
92	Lisaac	lisaac	1:0.39~rc1-3build1
93	Julia	julia	1.0.3+dfsg-4
94	LiveScript	livescript	1.6.0+dfsg-1
95	LLVM asm	llvm	1:8.0-48~exp1ubuntu1
96	LOLCODE	N/A	-
97	Lua	lua5.3	5.3.3-1.1ubuntu1
98	M4	m4	1.4.18-2
99	Makefile	make	4.2.1-1.2
100	Maxima	maxima	5.42.1-1build1
101	MiniZinc	minizinc	2.1.7+dfsg1-1
102	MSIL	mono-devel	5.18.0.240+dfsg-2ubuntu2
103	Mustache	ruby-mustache	1.0.2-1
104	NASM	nasm	2.14-1
105	Neko	neko	2.2.0-2build2
106	Nickle	nickle	2.84-1build1
107	Nim	nim	0.19.4-1
108	Objective-C	gobjc	4:8.3.0-1ubuntu3
109	OCaml	ocaml	4.05.0-10ubuntu2
110	Octave	octave	4.4.1-5
111	Ook!	N/A	-
112	PARI/GP	pari-gp	2.11.1-2
113	Parser 3	parser3-cgi	3.4.5-4
114	Pascal	fp-compiler	3.0.4+dfsg-22
115	Perl 5	perl	5.28.1-6
116	Perl 6	rakudo	2018.12-5
117	PHP	php-cli	2:7.2+69ubuntu1
118	Piet	N/A	-
119	Pike	pike8.0	8.0.702-1
120	PostScript	ghostscript	9.26~dfsg+0-0ubuntu7.1
121	PPT (Punched tape)	bsdgames	2.17-28
122	Prolog	swi-prolog	7.6.4+dfsg-2ubuntu1
123	Promela (Spin)	spin	6.4.9+dfsg-1
124	Python	python	2.7.16-1
125	R	r-base	3.5.2-1build1
126	Ratfor	ratfor	1.0-16
127	rc	rc	1.7.4-1build1
128	REXX	regina-rexx	3.6-2.1

Note that some languages are not available in Ubuntu (marked as N/A). This repository includes their implementations in vendor/. See also vendor/README in detail.

Frequently asked questions

Q. Why?

A. Take your pick.

Q. How?

A. Good news: I published a book, "The world of obfuscated, esoteric, artistic programming". It explains how to write a quine, an ascii-art quine, and a uroboros quine like this quine-relay. You can buy my book on amazon.co.jp.

(It also contains my almost all (about forty) works, including alphabet-only Ruby program, radiation-hardened quine, etc., and explains many techniques to write such programs.)

Bad news: It is written in Japanese. I hope you could translate it to English ~~and help me earn royalties~~.

Q. Language XXX is missing!

A. See the criteria for language inclusion in detail. (In short: please create a deb package and contribute it to Ubuntu.)

Q. Does it really work?

Q. How long did it take you?

A. Do you try to cross the world line?

Q. The code does not fit into my display!

A. Here you go.

Q. How was the code generated?

$ sudo apt-get install rake ruby-cairo ruby-rsvg2 ruby-gdk-pixbuf2 \
  optipng advancecomp ruby-chunky-png
$ cd src
$ rake2.0 clobber
$ rake2.0

License

The MIT License applies to all resources except the files in the vendor/ directory.

The files in the vendor/ directory are from third-parties and are distributed under different licenses. See vendor/README in detail.

The MIT License (MIT)

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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