A mostly reasonable approach to JavaScript (forked from Airbnb and modified)
- Types
- Objects
- Arrays
- Strings
- Functions
- Properties
- Variables
- Hoisting
- Conditional Expressions & Equality
- Blocks
- Comments
- Whitespace
- Commas
- Semicolons
- Type Casting & Coercion
- Naming Conventions
- Accessors
- Constructors
- Events
- Modules
- jQuery
- ECMAScript 5 Compatibility
- Testing
- Performance
- Resources
- In the Wild
- Translation
- The JavaScript Style Guide Guide
- Contributors
- License
-
Primitives: When you access a primitive type you work directly on its value
string
number
boolean
null
undefined
var foo = 1, bar = foo; bar = 9; console.log(foo, bar); // => 1, 9
-
Complex: When you access a complex type you work on a reference to its value
object
array
function
var foo = [1, 2], bar = foo; bar[0] = 9; console.log(foo[0], bar[0]); // => 9, 9
-
Use the literal syntax for object creation.
// bad var item = new Object(); // good var item = {};
-
Use the literal syntax for array creation
// bad var items = new Array(); // good var items = [];
-
When you need to copy an array use Array#slice. jsPerf
var len = items.length, itemsCopy = [], i; // bad for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { itemsCopy[i] = items[i]; } // good itemsCopy = items.slice();
-
To convert an array-like object to an array, use Array#slice.
function trigger() { var args = Array.slice.call(arguments); ... }
-
Use double quotes
""
for strings// bad var name = 'Immanuel Kant'; // good var name = "Immanuel Kant"; // bad var fullName = 'Immanuel ' + this.lastName; // good var fullName = "Immanuel " + this.lastName;
-
Function expressions:
// anonymous function expression var anonymous = function() { return true; }; // named function expression var named = function named() { return true; }; // immediately-invoked function expression (IIFE) (function() { console.log("You want it to be one way... but it's the other way."); })();
-
Never leave space between parameters/arguments and enclosing parentheses.
// bad function imbibe( drink ) { // ...stuff... } // bad imbibe( "seltzer" ); // good function imbibe(drink) { // ...stuff... } // good imbibe("seltzer");
-
Follow a top down flow for declaring functions. The code should read like a newspaper.
// bad function readNextPage() { console.log("This is getting interesting..."); } var Book = { turnPage: readNextPage() } // bad function end() { console.log("Oh no, a twist!"); } function begin() { console.log("What's going to happen next?"); end(); } function readBook() { begin(); } // good var Book = { turnPage: readNextPage() } function readNextPage() { console.log("This is getting interesting..."); } // good function readBook() { begin(); } function begin() { console.log("What's going to happen next?"); end(); } function end() { console.log("Oh no, a twist!"); }
-
Never declare a function in a non-function block (if, while, etc). Assign the function to a variable instead. Browsers will allow you to do it, but they all interpret it differently, which is bad.
-
Note: ECMA-262 defines a
block
as a list of statements. A function declaration is not a statement. Read ECMA-262's note on this issue.// bad if (currentUser) { function test() { console.log("Nope."); } } // good var test; if (currentUser) { test = function test() { console.log("Yup."); }; }
-
Never name a parameter
arguments
, this will take precedence over thearguments
object that is given to every function scope.// bad function nope(name, options, arguments) { // ...stuff... } // good function yup(name, options, args) { // ...stuff... }
-
Use dot notation when accessing properties.
var plato = { athenian: true, age: 30 }; // bad var isAthenian = plato["athenian"]; // good var isAthenian = plato.athenian;
-
Use subscript notation
[]
when accessing properties with a variable.var plato = { athenian: true, age: 30 }; function getProp(prop) { return plato[prop]; } var isAthenian = getProp("athenian");
-
Always use
var
to declare variables. Not doing so will result in global variables. We want to avoid polluting the global namespace.// bad treatise = new Treatise(); // good var treatise = new Treatise();
-
Use separate
var
declarations for multiple variables and declare each variable on a new line.// bad var books = getBooks(), peaceful = true, library = "Alexandria"; // good var books = getBooks(); var peaceful = true; var library = "Alexandria";
-
Assign variables at the top of their scope. This helps avoid issues with variable declaration and assignment hoisting related issues.
// bad function() { test(); console.log("doing stuff.."); //..other stuff.. var name = getName(); if (name === "test") { return false; } return name; } // good function() { var name = getName(); test(); console.log("doing stuff.."); //..other stuff.. if (name === "test") { return false; } return name; } // bad function() { var name = getName(); if (!arguments.length) { return false; } return true; } // good function() { if (!arguments.length) { return false; } var name = getName(); return true; }
-
Do not declare a variable when initializing a for loop.
// bad for (var i = 0; i < 10; i ++) { // ...stuff... } // good var i; for (i = 0; i < 10; i ++) { // ...stuff... }
-
Variable declarations get hoisted to the top of their scope, their assignment does not.
// we know this wouldn't work (assuming there // is no notDefined global variable) function example() { console.log(notDefined); // => throws a ReferenceError } // creating a variable declaration after you // reference the variable will work due to // variable hoisting. Note: the assignment // value of `true` is not hoisted. function example() { console.log(declaredButNotAssigned); // => undefined var declaredButNotAssigned = true; } // The interpreter is hoisting the variable // declaration to the top of the scope. // Which means our example could be rewritten as: function example() { var declaredButNotAssigned; console.log(declaredButNotAssigned); // => undefined declaredButNotAssigned = true; }
-
Function declarations hoist their name and the function body.
function example() { read(); // logs "Human reason has the peculiar fate in one species of its cognitions..." function read() { console.log("Human reason has the peculiar fate in one species of its cognitions..."); } }
-
For more information refer to JavaScript Scoping & Hoisting by Ben Cherry
-
Use
===
and!==
over==
and!=
. -
Conditional expressions are evaluated using coercion with the
ToBoolean
method and always follow these simple rules:- Objects evaluate to true
- Undefined evaluates to false
- Null evaluates to false
- Booleans evaluate to the value of the boolean
- Numbers evaluate to false if +0, -0, or NaN, otherwise true
- Strings evaluate to false if an empty string
""
, otherwise true
if ([0]) { // true // An array is an object, objects evaluate to true }
-
Use shortcuts.
// bad if (name !== "") { // ...stuff... } // good if (name) { // ...stuff... } // bad if (collection.length > 0) { // ...stuff... } // good if (collection.length) { // ...stuff... }
-
These shortcuts should not be used when checking for the existence of a property on an object.
// bad - checks truthiness of value of the property, not for the existence of the property if (someObject.someProperty) { // ...stuff... } // good - when checking if a property exists on an object or in its prototype chain if ("someProperty" in someObject) { // ...stuff... } // good - when checking if a property exists on an object instance if (someObject.hasOwnProperty("someProperty")) { // ...stuff... }
-
For more information see Truth Equality and JavaScript by Angus Croll
-
Use braces with all multi-line blocks.
// bad if (test) return false; // good if (test) return false; // good if (test) { return false; } // bad function() { return false; } // good function() { return false; }
-
Use
/** ... */
for multiline comments.// bad // make() returns a new element // based on the passed in tag name // function make(tag) { // ...stuff... return element; } // good /** * make() returns a new element * based on the passed in tag name * */ function make(tag) { // ...stuff... return element; }
-
Use
//
for single line comments. Place single line comments on a new line above the subject of the comment. Put an empty line before the comment.// bad var active = true; // is current tab // good // is current tab var active = true; // bad function getType() { console.log("fetching type..."); // set the default type to "no type" var type = this.type || "no type"; return type; } // good function getType() { console.log("fetching type..."); // set the default type to "no type" var type = this.type || "no type"; return type; }
-
Prefixing your comments with FIXME, TODO, or HACK helps other developers quickly understand what kind of problem you're pointing out. These are different than regular comments because they are actionable. FIXME indicates that a problem that still needs a solution. TODO describes the form of a solution to a problem. HACK indicates a fast, suboptimal solution that should be improved.
-
Use
// FIXME:
to annotate problemsfunction Calculator() { // FIXME: shouldn't use a global here total = 0; return this; }
-
Use
// TODO:
to annotate solutions to problemsfunction Calculator() { // TODO: total should be configurable by an options param this.total = 0; return this; }
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## Whitespace
- Use soft tabs set to 4 spaces
```javascript
// bad
function() {
∙var name;
}
// bad
function() {
∙∙var name;
}
// good
function() {
∙∙∙∙var name;
}
```
- Place 1 space before the leading brace.
```javascript
// bad
function test(){
console.log("test");
}
// good
function test() {
console.log("test");
}
// bad
falcon.set("attr",{
age: "1 year",
breed: "Maltese"
});
// good
falcon.set("attr", {
age: "1 year",
breed: "Maltese"
});
```
- Set off operators with spaces.
```javascript
// bad
var x=y+5;
// good
var x = y + 5;
```
- Use indentation when making long method chains.
```javascript
// bad
$("#items").find(".selected").highlight().end().find(".open").updateCount();
// good
$("#items")
.find(".selected")
.highlight()
.end()
.find(".open")
.updateCount();
// bad
var leds = stage.selectAll(".led").data(data).enter().append("svg:svg").class("led", true)
.attr("width", (radius + margin) * 2).append("svg:g")
.attr("transform", "translate(" + (radius + margin) + "," + (radius + margin) + ")")
.call(tron.led);
// good
var leds = stage.selectAll(".led")
.data(data)
.enter().append("svg:svg")
.class("led", true)
.attr("width", (radius + margin) * 2)
.append("svg:g")
.attr("transform", "translate(" + (radius + margin) + "," +
(radius + margin)+ ")")
.call(tron.led);
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## Commas
- Leading commas: **Nope.**
```javascript
// bad
var hero = {
firstName: "Immanuel"
, lastName: "Kant"
, birthPlace: "Koenigsberg"
, masterWork: "The Critique of Pure Reason"
};
// good
var hero = {
firstName: "Immanuel",
lastName: "Kant",
birthPlace: "Koenigsberg",
masterWork: "The Critique of Pure Reason"
};
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## Semicolons
- **Yup.**
```javascript
// bad
(function() {
var name = "Ada"
return name
})()
// good
(function() {
var name = "Ada";
return name;
})();
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## Type Casting & Coercion
- Perform type coercion at the beginning of the statement.
- Strings:
```javascript
// => this.reviewScore = 9;
// bad
var totalScore = this.reviewScore + "";
// good
var totalScore = "" + this.reviewScore;
// bad
var totalScore = "" + this.reviewScore + " total score";
// good
var totalScore = this.reviewScore + " total score";
```
- Use `parseInt` for Numbers and always with a radix for type casting.
```javascript
var inputValue = "4";
// bad
var val = new Number(inputValue);
// bad
var val = +inputValue;
// bad
var val = inputValue >> 0;
// bad
var val = parseInt(inputValue);
// good
var val = Number(inputValue);
// good
var val = parseInt(inputValue, 10);
```
- If for whatever reason you are doing something wild and `parseInt` is your bottleneck and need to use Bitshift for [performance reasons](http://jsperf.com/coercion-vs-casting/3), leave a comment explaining why and what you're doing.
```javascript
// good
/**
* parseInt was the reason my code was slow.
* Bitshifting the String to coerce it to a
* Number made it a lot faster.
*/
var val = inputValue >> 0;
```
- **Note:** Be careful when using bitshift operations. Numbers are represented as [64-bit values](http://es5.github.io/#x4.3.19), but Bitshift operations always return a 32-bit integer ([source](http://es5.github.io/#x11.7)). Bitshift can lead to unexpected behavior for integer values larger than 32 bits. [Discussion](https://github.com/airbnb/javascript/issues/109). Largest signed 32-bit Int is 2,147,483,647:
```javascript
2147483647 >> 0 //=> 2147483647
2147483648 >> 0 //=> -2147483648
2147483649 >> 0 //=> -2147483647
```
- Booleans:
```javascript
var age = 0;
// bad
var hasAge = new Boolean(age);
// good
var hasAge = Boolean(age);
// good
var hasAge = !!age;
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## Naming Conventions
- Avoid single letter names. Be descriptive with your naming.
```javascript
// bad
function q() {
// ...stuff...
}
// good
function query() {
// ..stuff..
}
```
- Use camelCase when naming objects, functions, and instances
```javascript
// bad
var OBJEcttsssss = {};
var this_is_my_object = {};
function c() {}
var u = new user({
name: "Ada Lovelace"
});
// good
var thisIsMyObject = {};
function thisIsMyFunction() {}
var user = new User({
name: "Ada Lovelace"
});
```
- Use PascalCase when naming constructors or classes
```javascript
// bad
function user(options) {
this.name = options.name;
}
var bad = new user({
name: "nope"
});
// good
function User(options) {
this.name = options.name;
}
var good = new User({
name: "yup"
});
```
- Use all caps separated by underscores for constant names
```javascript
// bad
cpuSpeed = 1e12;
//good
CPU_SPEED = 1e12;
```
- When saving a reference to `this` use `_this`.
```javascript
// bad
function() {
var self = this;
return function() {
console.log(self);
};
}
// bad
function() {
var that = this;
return function() {
console.log(that);
};
}
// good
function() {
var _this = this;
return function() {
console.log(_this);
};
}
```
- **Note:** IE8 and below exhibit some quirks with named function expressions. See [http://kangax.github.io/nfe/](http://kangax.github.io/nfe/) for more info.
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## Accessors
- Accessor functions on Backbone models do not use the getVal() pattern.
```javascript
// bad
bowie.getAlbums();
// good
bowie.albums();
```
- If the property is a boolean, use isVal() or hasVal()
```javascript
// bad
if (!bowie.albums()) {
return false;
}
// good
if (!bowie.hasAlbums()) {
return false;
}
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## Constructors
- Assign methods to the prototype object, instead of overwriting the prototype with a new object. Overwriting the prototype makes inheritance impossible: by resetting the prototype you'll overwrite the base!
```javascript
function Writer() {
console.log("new writer");
}
// bad
Writer.prototype = {
procrastinate: function() {
console.log("procrastinating");
},
dream: function() {
console.log("dreaming");
}
};
// good
Writer.prototype.procrastinate = function() {
console.log("procrastinating");
};
Writer.prototype.dream = function() {
console.log("dreaming");
};
```
- Methods can return `this` to help with method chaining.
```javascript
// bad
Writer.prototype.resolve = function() {
this.madeResolution = true;
return true;
};
Writer.prototype.imagineMovingTo = function(destination) {
this.destination = destination;
};
var roommate = new Writer();
roommate.resolve(); // => true
roommate.imagineMovingTo("Paris") // => undefined
// good
Writer.prototype.resolve = function() {
this.madeResolution = true;
return this;
};
Writer.prototype.imagineMovingTo = function(destination) {
this.destination = destination;
return this;
};
var roommate = new Writer();
roommate.resolve()
.imagineMovingTo("Paris");
```
- It's okay to write a custom toString() method, just make sure it works successfully and causes no side effects.
```javascript
function Writer(options) {
options || (options = {});
this.name = options.name || "no name";
}
Writer.prototype.toString = function toString() {
return "Writer - " + this.name;
};
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## Events
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## Modules
- Always declare `"use strict";` at the top of the module.
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## jQuery
- Prefix jQuery object variables with a `$`.
```javascript
// bad
var sidebar = ".sidebar");
// good
var $sidebar = ".sidebar");
```
- Cache jQuery lookups.
```javascript
// bad
function setSidebar() {
".sidebar").hide();
// ...stuff...
".sidebar").css({
"background-color": "pink"
});
}
// good
function setSidebar() {
var $sidebar = ".sidebar");
$sidebar.hide();
// ...stuff...
$sidebar.css({
"background-color": "pink"
});
}
```
- Scope jQuery object queries to Backbone view using this.$el.find()
```javascript
// bad
$("ul", ".sidebar").hide();
// bad
$(".sidebar").find("ul").hide();
// good
this.$el.find(".sidebar ul").hide();
// good
this.$el.find(".sidebar > ul").hide();
// good
$sidebar.find("ul").hide();
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## ECMAScript 5 Compatibility
- Refer to [Kangax](https://twitter.com/kangax/)'s ES5 [compatibility table](http://kangax.github.com/es5-compat-table/)
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## Testing
- **Yup.**
```javascript
function() {
return true;
}
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## Performance
- [On Layout & Web Performance](http://kellegous.com/j/2013/01/26/layout-performance/)
- [String vs Array Concat](http://jsperf.com/string-vs-array-concat/2)
- [Try/Catch Cost In a Loop](http://jsperf.com/try-catch-in-loop-cost)
- [Bang Function](http://jsperf.com/bang-function)
- [jQuery Find vs Context, Selector](http://jsperf.com/jquery-find-vs-context-sel/13)
- [innerHTML vs textContent for script text](http://jsperf.com/innerhtml-vs-textcontent-for-script-text)
- [Long String Concatenation](http://jsperf.com/ya-string-concat)
- Loading...
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## Resources
**Read This**
- [Annotated ECMAScript 5.1](http://es5.github.com/)
**Other Styleguides**
- [Google JavaScript Style Guide](http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/javascriptguide.xml)
- [jQuery Core Style Guidelines](http://docs.jquery.com/JQuery_Core_Style_Guidelines)
- [Principles of Writing Consistent, Idiomatic JavaScript](https://github.com/rwldrn/idiomatic.js/)
**Other Styles**
- [Naming this in nested functions](https://gist.github.com/4135065) - Christian Johansen
- [Conditional Callbacks](https://github.com/airbnb/javascript/issues/52)
- [Popular JavaScript Coding Conventions on Github](http://sideeffect.kr/popularconvention/#javascript)
**Further Reading**
- [Understanding JavaScript Closures](http://javascriptweblog.wordpress.com/2010/10/25/understanding-javascript-closures/) - Angus Croll
- [Basic JavaScript for the impatient programmer](http://www.2ality.com/2013/06/basic-javascript.html) - Dr. Axel Rauschmayer
- [You Might Not Need jQuery](http://youmightnotneedjquery.com/) - Zack Bloom & Adam Schwartz
- [ES6 Features](https://github.com/lukehoban/es6features) - Luke Hoban
**Books**
- [JavaScript: The Good Parts](http://www.amazon.com/JavaScript-Good-Parts-Douglas-Crockford/dp/0596517742) - Douglas Crockford
- [JavaScript Patterns](http://www.amazon.com/JavaScript-Patterns-Stoyan-Stefanov/dp/0596806752) - Stoyan Stefanov
- [Pro JavaScript Design Patterns](http://www.amazon.com/JavaScript-Design-Patterns-Recipes-Problem-Solution/dp/159059908X) - Ross Harmes and Dustin Diaz
- [High Performance Web Sites: Essential Knowledge for Front-End Engineers](http://www.amazon.com/High-Performance-Web-Sites-Essential/dp/0596529309) - Steve Souders
- [Maintainable JavaScript](http://www.amazon.com/Maintainable-JavaScript-Nicholas-C-Zakas/dp/1449327680) - Nicholas C. Zakas
- [JavaScript Web Applications](http://www.amazon.com/JavaScript-Web-Applications-Alex-MacCaw/dp/144930351X) - Alex MacCaw
- [Pro JavaScript Techniques](http://www.amazon.com/Pro-JavaScript-Techniques-John-Resig/dp/1590597273) - John Resig
- [Smashing Node.js: JavaScript Everywhere](http://www.amazon.com/Smashing-Node-js-JavaScript-Everywhere-Magazine/dp/1119962595) - Guillermo Rauch
- [Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja](http://www.amazon.com/Secrets-JavaScript-Ninja-John-Resig/dp/193398869X) - John Resig and Bear Bibeault
- [Human JavaScript](http://humanjavascript.com/) - Henrik Joreteg
- [Superhero.js](http://superherojs.com/) - Kim Joar Bekkelund, Mads Mobæk, & Olav Bjorkoy
- [JSBooks](http://jsbooks.revolunet.com/)
- [Third Party JavaScript](http://manning.com/vinegar/) - Ben Vinegar and Anton Kovalyov
**Blogs**
- [DailyJS](http://dailyjs.com/)
- [JavaScript Weekly](http://javascriptweekly.com/)
- [JavaScript, JavaScript...](http://javascriptweblog.wordpress.com/)
- [Bocoup Weblog](http://weblog.bocoup.com/)
- [Adequately Good](http://www.adequatelygood.com/)
- [NCZOnline](http://www.nczonline.net/)
- [Perfection Kills](http://perfectionkills.com/)
- [Ben Alman](http://benalman.com/)
- [Dmitry Baranovskiy](http://dmitry.baranovskiy.com/)
- [Dustin Diaz](http://dustindiaz.com/)
- [nettuts](http://net.tutsplus.com/?s=javascript)
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## In the Wild
This is a list of organizations that are using variations of the Airbnb style guide.
- **Aan Zee**: [AanZee/javascript](https://github.com/AanZee/javascript)
- **Airbnb**: [airbnb/javascript](https://github.com/airbnb/javascript)
- **American Insitutes for Research**: [AIRAST/javascript](https://github.com/AIRAST/javascript)
- **Compass Learning**: [compasslearning/javascript-style-guide](https://github.com/compasslearning/javascript-style-guide)
- **Digitpaint** [digitpaint/javascript](https://github.com/digitpaint/javascript)
- **ExactTarget**: [ExactTarget/javascript](https://github.com/ExactTarget/javascript)
- **Gawker Media**: [gawkermedia/javascript](https://github.com/gawkermedia/javascript)
- **GeneralElectric**: [GeneralElectric/javascript](https://github.com/GeneralElectric/javascript)
- **GoodData**: [gooddata/gdc-js-style](https://github.com/gooddata/gdc-js-style)
- **Grooveshark**: [grooveshark/javascript](https://github.com/grooveshark/javascript)
- **How About We**: [howaboutwe/javascript](https://github.com/howaboutwe/javascript)
- **Mighty Spring**: [mightyspring/javascript](https://github.com/mightyspring/javascript)
- **MinnPost**: [MinnPost/javascript](https://github.com/MinnPost/javascript)
- **ModCloth**: [modcloth/javascript](https://github.com/modcloth/javascript)
- **Money Advice Service**: [moneyadviceservice/javascript](https://github.com/moneyadviceservice/javascript)
- **National Geographic**: [natgeo/javascript](https://github.com/natgeo/javascript)
- **National Park Service**: [nationalparkservice/javascript](https://github.com/nationalparkservice/javascript)
- **Orion Health**: [orionhealth/javascript](https://github.com/orionhealth/javascript)
- **Peerby**: [Peerby/javascript](https://github.com/Peerby/javascript)
- **Razorfish**: [razorfish/javascript-style-guide](https://github.com/razorfish/javascript-style-guide)
- **SeekingAlpha**: [seekingalpha/javascript-style-guide](https://github.com/seekingalpha/javascript-style-guide)
- **reddit**: [reddit/styleguide/javascript](https://github.com/reddit/styleguide/tree/master/javascript)
- **REI**: [reidev/js-style-guide](https://github.com/reidev/js-style-guide)
- **Ripple**: [ripple/javascript-style-guide](https://github.com/ripple/javascript-style-guide)
- **Shutterfly**: [shutterfly/javascript](https://github.com/shutterfly/javascript)
- **Userify**: [userify/javascript](https://github.com/userify/javascript)
- **Zillow**: [zillow/javascript](https://github.com/zillow/javascript)
- **ZocDoc**: [ZocDoc/javascript](https://github.com/ZocDoc/javascript)
## The JavaScript Style Guide Guide
- [Reference](https://github.com/airbnb/javascript/wiki/The-JavaScript-Style-Guide-Guide)
## Contributors
- [View Contributors](https://github.com/airbnb/javascript/graphs/contributors)
## License
(The MIT License)
Copyright (c) 2014 Airbnb
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
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# };