Back-End 개발자 인터뷰 질문

인터뷰 관련 정보

Back-End 인터뷰

영어 by @arialdomartini.
중국어 by @monklof.

Front-end 인터뷰

영어 by @darcyclarke
한국어

한국 취업 정보.

공지

대부분의 질문은 자유롭게 답할 수 있으며 그 중에는 옳은 답과 틀린 답이 없는 질문들이 있습니다. 반대로, 그들은 올바른 정답보단 지원자의 능력에 대해 더 많이 말해 줄 수 있기를 바라면서 대화의 시작점으로 출발하기를 바라고 있습니다. 개인적으로, 나는 명확한 답이 없는 질문들을 선택할 것입니다.

다시 한번 말하지만, 저는 단지 질문들을 물어보는 것만으로 충분하지 않다는 것을 강조합니다. 지원자와 짝 프로그래밍을 진행하면서 인터뷰를 본다면 완벽할 것입니다: 이런 인터뷰 방식은 서로의 스타일을 알 수 있는 최고의 방법이고 지원자는 미래에 자신의 작업에 대해 더 잘 알 수 있을 것입니다.

이 프로젝트는 @darcyclarke님이 작성하신 Front-end Job Interview Questions에 영감을 받았습니다.

디자인 패턴
코드 디자인
프로그래밍 언어
Web
데이터베이스
NoSQL
Code Versioning
동시성
분산 시스템
Software Lifecycle and Team Management
알고리즘
소프트웨어 아키텍처
Service Oriented Architecture and Microservices
보안
일반적인 질문
Open Questions
Questions based on snippets of code
빌 게이츠 스타일의 질문

[↑] 디자인 패턴:

왜 global 객체와 static 객체는 나쁜 것일까요? code를 통한 예시로 설명할 수 있나요?
제어의 역전(Inversion of Control)에 대한 개념과 IoC가 코드의 디자인을 어떻게 향상시키는지 설명해 주세요.
디미터의 법칙(Law of Demeter)을 어기는 코드를 작성해주실 수 있나요? 그리고 이 코드가 왜 나쁜 디자인인지 그리고 어떻게 고쳐야 하는지 보여주세요.
Active-Record는 CRUD기능을 포함하고 데이터베이스 테이블의 기초 컬럼들을 포함하고 있는 디자인 패턴입니다. 이러한 패턴의 한계점과 단점을 이야기해주세요.
Data-Mapper is a design pattern that promotes the use of a layer of Mappers that moves data between objects and a database while keeping them independent of each other and the mapper itself. On the contrary, in Active-Record objects directly incorporate operations for persisting themselves to a database, and properties corresponding to the underlying database tables. Do you have an opinion on those patterns? When would you use one against the other?
null은 왜 10억 달러의 실수라고 말할까요? Null Object Pattern이나 Option 타입과 같은 null을 피할 수 있는 기술들에 대해 설명해주세요.
많은 사람들이 객체지향프로그래밍에서 상속보다는 구성(Composition)이 더 나은 선택이라고 말합니다. 당신의 의견은 어떤가요?
손상 방지 레이어(Anti-corruption Layer) 패턴이란 무엇일까요?
싱글톤은 클래스에 대해 하나의 인스턴스만 생성해서 사용하도록 제한하는 패턴입니다. Thread-Safe한 싱글톤 Singleton기법은 명확하지 않습니다. 한번 시도해보세요.
The ability to change implementation without affecting clients is called Data Abstraction. Produce and example violating this property, then fix it.
DRY원칙(Don't Repeat Yourself)을 깨는 작은 코드를 작성해보세요. 그리고 고쳐보세요.
의존성 지옥(Dependency Hell)을 어떻게 해결하실건가요?
Is goto evil? You may have heard of the famous paper "Go To Statement Considered Harmful" by Edsger Dijkstra, in which he criticized the use of the goto statement and advocated structured programming instead. The use of goto has always been controversial, so much that even Dijkstra's letter was criticized with articles such as "'GOTO Considered Harmful' Considered Harmful". What's your opinion on the use of goto?
The robustness principle is a general design guideline for software that recommends "Be conservative in what you send, be liberal in what you accept". It is often reworded as "Be a tolerant reader and a careful writer". Would you like to discuss the rationale of this principle?
Separation of Concerns is a design principle for separating a computer program into distinct areas, each of ones addressing a separate concern. There are a lot of different mechanisms for achieving Separation of Concerns (use of objects, functions, modules, or patterns such as MVC and the like). Would you discuss this topic?

[↑] 코드 디자인:

우리가 평소에 자주 듣던 객체지향 디자인(Object-Oriented Design)은 높은 응집도와 낮은 결합도를 가장 중요한 목표로 가지고 있습니다. 이 목표가 무엇을 의미하는지? 왜 그렇게 중요한지? 무엇을 얻을 수 있는지 설명해주세요.
대부분의 언어에서 배열의 시작은 왜 0부터 일까요?
테스트와 TDD는 코드 디자인에 어떤 영향을 주나요?
DRY원칙(Don't Repeat Yourself)을 깨는 작은 코드를 작성해보세요. 그리고 왜 나쁜 디자인인지 설명하고 고쳐보세요.
응집도와 결합도의 차이점은 뭘까요?
리팩토링(refactoring)은 언제 유용한가요?
코드에서 주석은 의미가 있을까요? 몇몇 사람들은 되도록이면 피하라고 이야기합니다. 또한 주석이 필요없기를 희망하고 있습니다. 의견에 동의하십니까?
디자인과 아키텍처의 차이점은 무엇일까요?
왜 TDD에서는 코드를 작성하기 전에 테스트 코드를 작성할까요?
C++ supports multiple inheritance, and Java allows a class to implement multiple interfaces. What impact does using these facilities have on orthogonality? Is there a difference in impact between using multiple inheritance and multiple interfaces? Is there a difference between using delegation and using inheritance? [This question is from The Pragmatic Programmer, by Andrew Hunt and David Thomas]
Pros and cons of holding domain logic in Stored Procedures.
In your opinion, why have Object-Oriented Design dominated the market for so many years?
당신의 코드에 나쁜 디자인이 있다면 당신은 어떻게 해결하실 건가요?

[↑] 프로그래밍 언어:

선호하는 언어의 단점 3가지만 말해주세요.
왜 함수 프로그래밍(Functional Programming)이 떠오르고 있는지 설명할 수 있나요?
클로져란 무엇일까요? 그리고 어떤 상황에서 유용할까요? 클로져와 클래스간의 공통점은 무엇이 있을까요?
어떤 상황에서 Generics이 유용할까요?
What are high-order functions? What are they useful for? Write one, in your preferred language.
Write a loop, then transform it into a recursive function, using only immutable structures (i.e. avoid using variables). Discuss.
What does it mean when a language treats functions as first-class citizens?
익명 함수(Anonymous Function) 장점이 나타나는 예제를 보여주세요.
There are a lot of different type systems: let's talk about static and dynamic type systems, and about strong and weak ones. You surely have an opinion and a preference about this topic. Would you like to share them, and discuss why and when would you promote one particular type system for developing an enterprise software?
What are namespaces useful for? Invent an alternative.
Talk about Interoperability between Java and C# (in alternative, choose 2 other arbitrary languages)
왜 많은 소프트웨어 개발자들은 자바를 좋아하지 않을까요?
What makes a good language good and a bad language bad?
Write two functions, one Referentially Transparent and the other one Referentially Opaque. Discuss.
스택(Stack)과 힙(Heap)은 무엇일까요? 스택 오버플로우(Stack Overflow)는 무엇일까요?
프로그래밍 언어에서 왜 first class citizens은 함수에서 중요할까요?
Some languages, especially the ones that promote a Functional approach, allow a technique called Pattern Matching. Do you know it? How is Pattern Matching different from Switch clauses?
일부 언어에서는 예외처리가 없게 디자인이 되었을까요? 이런 디자인에 대해 장단점을 설명해주세요.
If Cat is an Animal, is TakeCare<Cat> a TakeCare<Animal>?
Why in Java, C# and many other languages constructors are not part of the interface?
In the last years there has been a lot of hype on Node. What's your opinion on the use in the back end of a language that was initially conceived to run in the browser?
Pretend you have a time machine and pretend that you have the opportunity to go to a particular point in time during Java's (or C#, Python, Go or whatever) history, and talk with some of the JDK architects. What would you try to convince them of? Removing checked exceptions? Adding unsigned primitives? Adding multiple-inheritance?

[↑] Web:

왜 first-party 쿠키들과 third-party 쿠키들을 다르게 다룰까요?
웹 서비스 API(Web Services API) 버젼을 어떻게 관리하실 건가요?
Back-End 관점에서, Single Page Application의 단점은 무엇이 있을까요?
왜 우리는 stateless service를 사용하기 위해 많은 노력을 할까요? stateless code가 가져다 주는 장점들과 statefullness code가 가져다 주는 단점들에 대해 설명해 주세요.
REST 그리고 SOAP: 어떤 상황에서 두가지 방법 중 하나를 선택해서 사용하실 건가요?
Model-View-Controller 그리고 Model-View-ViewModel은 웹 개발의 백엔드와 프론트엔드 관점에서 매우 일반적입니다. 그들이 무엇인지? 그리고 그들이 왜 권장되고있는지 설명하실수 있나요?

[↑] 데이터 베이스:

How would you migrate an application from a database to another, for example from MySQL to PostgreSQL? If you had to manage that project, which issues would you expect to face?
Why databases treat null as a so special case? For example, why in SQL SELECT * FROM table WHERE field = null does not match records with null field?
ACID is an acronym that refers to Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability, 4 properties guaranteed by a database transaction in most of the database engines. What do you know about this topic? Would you like to elaborate?
How would you manage database schema migrations, that is, how would you automate the changes a database schema is affected to, as the application evolve, version after version?
어떻게 구현하면 Lazy Loading을 얻을 수 있을까요? 언제 유용할까요? Lazy Loading에 대해 함정은 없을까요?
The so called "N + 1 problem" is an issue that occurs when the code needs to load the children of a parent-child relationship with a ORMs that have lazy-loading enabled, and that therefore issue a query for the parent record, and then one query for each child record. How to fix it?
어플리케이션에서 가장 비싼 비용의 Query를 어떻게 찾을까요?
데이터베이스의 정규화가 항상 필요할까요? 언제 데이터베이스의 비정규화가 바람직할까요? 당신의 의견을 들려주세요.
Of of the Continuous Integration's techniques is called Blue-Green Deployment: it consists in having two production environments, as identical as possible, and in performing the deployment in one of them while the other one is still operating, and than in safely switching the traffic to the second one after some convenient testing. This technique becomes more complicated when the deployment includes changes to the database structure or content. I'd like to discuss this topic with you.

[↑] NoSQL:

Eventual Consistency이란 무엇일까요?
The Brewer's Theorem, most commonly known as the CAP theorem, states that in the presence of a Network Partition (the P in CAP), a system's designer has to choose between Consistency (the C in CAP) and Availability (the A in CAP). Can you think about examples of CP, AP and CA systems?
최근에 NoSQL의 인기가 상승하고 있는 이유에 대해 설명할 수 있나요?
How does NoSQL tackle scalability challenges?
In which case would you use a document database like MongoDB instead of a relational database like MySQL or PostgreSQL?

[↑] Code versioning:

Why is branching with Mercurial or git easier than with SVN?
What are the pros and cons of Distributed Version Control Systems like Git over Centralized ones like SVN?
GitHub Flow와 GitFlow workflows에 대해 설명해주세요.
리베이스(rebase)가 무엇일까요?
Why merges are easier with Mercurial and git than with SVN and CVS?

[↑] 동시성:

왜 우리는 동시성(Concurrency)이 필요할까요? 항상 그럴까요? 설명해보세요.
Multithreading / concurrent code를 테스트한다는 건 왜 어려울까요?
Race Condition이란 무엇일까요? 잘하는 언어를 사용하여 코드로 예제를 보여주세요.
Deadlock이란 무엇일까요? Deadlock에 영향을 받는 코드를 작성해 주실 수 있나요?
Process Starvation이란 무엇일까요? 필요하다면 정의에 대해 리뷰해주세요.
Wait Free algorithm이란 무엇일까요?

[↑] 분산 시스템:

분산 시스템은 어떻게 테스트를 진행할까요?
In which case would you apply asynchronously communication between two systems?
원격 프로시저 호출(Remote Procedure Call)의 일반적인 문제점은 무엇일까요?
If you are building a distributed system for scalability and robustness, what are the different things you'd think of in the case you are working in a closed and secure network environment or in geographically distributed and public system?
How to manage Fault Tolerance in a Web application? And in a Desktop one?
분산시스템의 장애는 어떻게 해결하실 건가요?
Let's talk about the several approaches to Reconciliation after network partitions
What are the Fallacies of Distributed Computing?
당신은 언제 Request/Reply를 사용할 것이며 또한 어떤 상황에서 Publish/Subscribe를 사용할 것인가요?
Suppose the system you are working on does not support transactionality. How would you implement it from scratch?

[↑] Software Lifecycle and Team Management:

agility란 무엇일까요?
당신은 레거시 코드(Legacy Code)를 어떻게 다루실 건가요?
Say I'm your Project Manager, and I'm no expert in programming. Would you try explaining me what Legacy Code is and why should I care about code quality?
저는 당신 회사의 CEO라고 가정합시다. Kanban을 설명해 주시고 그 부분을 투자하도록 설득해주세요.
애자일(Agile)과 폭포수(Waterfall)의 가장 큰 차이점은 무엇일까요?
팀 매니저로서 너무 많은 미팅을 하는 문제점에 대해 당신은 어떻게 해결 할 건가요?
당신은 가장 최근의 프로젝트를 어떻게 관리하셨나요?
"Individuals and interactions over processes and tools" and "Customer collaboration over contract negotiation" comprise half of the values of the Agile Manifesto. Discuss
Tell me what decisions would you take if you could be the CTO of your Company.
프로그램 매니저(Program Managers)는 유용한가요?
Organize a development team using flexible schedules (that is, no imposed working hours) and "Take as you need" vacation policy
How would you manage a very high turn over and convince developers not to leave the team, without increasing compensation? What could a Company improve to make them stay?
What are the top 3 qualities you look for in colleagues, beyond their code?
What are the top 3 things you wish non-technical people knew about code?
Imagine your company gives you 1 month and some budget to improve your and your colleagues' daily life. What would you do?

[↑] 알고리즘:

스택(LIFO Stacks)들로 큐(FIFO Queue)를 구성해보세요. 그리고 큐(FIFO Queue)들을 사용해서 스택(LIFO Stacks)을 구성해보세요.
Stack Overflow의 영향을 받는 코드를 작성해보세요.
Write a tail-recursive version of the factorial function
Using your preferred language, write a REPL that echoes your inputs. Evolve it to make it an RPN calculator.
How would you design a "defragger" utility?
Write a program that builds random mazes.
메모리 누수를 발생시키는 예제코드를 작성해 보세요.
Generate a sequence of unique random numbers
간단한 Garbage collection system을 작성해보세요.
당신이 좋아하는 언어를 사용해서 기초적인 메세지 브로커를 작성해보세요.
Write a very basic web server. Draw a road map for features to be implemented in the future.
10GB 크기의 파일을 어떻게 정렬 하실 건가요? 10TB의 크기로 변경된다면 당신은 문제 해결 방법을 어떻게 접근하실건가요?
How would you programmatically detect file duplicates?

[↑] 소프트웨어 아키텍처:

언제 캐시전략이 유용하지 않고 심지어 위험스러운 상황까지 오게 될까요?
이벤트 기반 아키텍쳐(Event-Driven Architecture)를 통해 확장성이 향상되는 이유는 무엇일까요?
어떻게 하면 코드를 읽기 쉽게 만들 수 있을까요?
What is the difference between emergent design and evolutionary architecture?
Scale out과 scale up의 차이점을 알고 계신가요? 어떤 상황에 적용해야할까요?
user 세션(sessions)의 장애를 어떻게 처리하실건가요?
What is CQRS (Command Query Responsibility Segregation)? How is it different from the oldest Command-Query Separation Principle?
The so called "multitier architecture" is an approach to design a client–server system aimed to keep physically and logically separated presentation, application processing, data management and other functions. The most widespread of the multitier architectures is the three-tier architecture. Would you discuss the pros and cons of such approach?
당신은 소프트웨어 시스템의 확장성(scalability)을 어떻게 고려해서 디자인 하나요?
Someone gave the name "The "C10k problem" to the problem of optimising network sockets to handle over 10.000 open connections at once. While handling 10.000 concurrent clients is not the same as handling 10.000 open connection, the context is similar. It's a tough challenge anyway, and no one is expected to know every single detail to solve it. It may be interesting to discuss the strategies you know to deal with that problem. Would you like to try?
How would you design a decentralized (that is, with no central server) P2P system?
You may recall that Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is a standard protocol for web servers to execute programs (CGI scripts) that execute as Command-line programs on a server, and that dynamically generate HTML pages when invoked by a HTTP request. Perl and PHP used to be common languages for such scripts. In CGI, a HTTP request generally causes the invocation of a new process on the server, but FastCGI, SCGI and other approaches improved the mechanism, raising the performance, with techniques such as preforking processes. Can you imagine why has't CGI eventually win, and was instead replaced with other architectural approaches?
How would you defend the design of your systems against Vendor Lock-in?
규모에 따른 Publish-Subscribe 패턴의 단점들은 무엇일까요?
What's new in CPUs since the 80s, and how does it affect programming?
In which part of the lifecycle of a software performance should be taken in consideration, and how?
How could a Denial of Service arise not maliciously but for a design or architectural problem?
성능(Performance)과 확장성(Scalability)의 관계는 어떠할까요?
When is it OK (if ever) to use tight coupling?
What characteristic should a system have to be Cloud Ready?
Does unity of design imply an aristocracy of architects? Putting it simple: can good design emerge from a collective effort of all developers?
What's the difference between design, architecture, functionality and aesthetic? Discuss.

[↑] Service Oriented Architecture and Microservices:

Why, in a SOA, long-lived transactions are discouraged and Sagas are suggested instead?
Soa와 Microservices는 어떤 차이점을 가지고 있나요?
Let's talk about web services versioning, version compatibility and breaking changes.
What's the difference between a transaction and a compensation operation in a saga, in SOA?
언제 Microservice는 지나치게 작다고 느껴질까요?
MicroService architecture의 장단점에 대해 설명해주세요.

[↑] 보안:

How do you write secure code? In your opinion, is it one of the developer's duties, or does it require a specialized role in the company? And why?
Why is it said that cryptography is not something you should try to invent or design yourself?
What is two factor authentication? How would you implement it in an existing web application?
If not carefully handled, there is always a risk of logs containing sensitive information, such as passwords. How would you deal with this?
Write down a snippet of code affected by SQL Injection and fix it.
How would it be possible to detect SQL Injection via static code analysis? I don't expect you to write an algorithm capable of doing this, as it is probably a huge topic, but let's discuss a general approach.
What do you know about Cross-Site Scripting? If you don't remember it, let's review online its definition and let's discuss about it.
What do you know about Cross-Site Forgery Attack? If you don't remember it, let's review online its definition and let's discuss about it.
HTTPS는 어떻게 동작하는지 아시나요?
What's a Man-in-the-middle Attack, and why does HTTPS help protect against it?
How can you prevent the user's session from being stolen? Chances are you remember what Session or Cookie Hijacking is, otherwise let's read its Wikipedia page together.

[↑] 일반적인 질문:

Why does Functional Programming matter? When should a functional programming language be used?
How do companies like Microsoft, Google, Opera and Mozilla profit from their browsers?
왜 TCP 소켓을 여는데 많은 Overhead가 필요할까요?
What is Encapsulation important for?
Real-Time 시스템은 무엇이며 일반 시스템과 어떻게 다를까요?
What's the relationship between real-time languages and heap memory allocation?
Immutability is the practice of setting values once, at the moment of their creation, and never changing them. How can immutability help write safer code?
Mutable 그리고 immutable value의 장단점들은 무엇일까요?
What's the Object-Relational impedance mismatch?
캐시크기를 결정하기 위해 적용하는 원칙은 무엇일까요?
TCP와 HTTP의 차이점은 무엇일까요?
What are the tradeoffs of client-side rendering vs. server-side rendering?
How could you develop a reliable communication protocol based on a non-reliable one?
Tony Hoare who invented the null reference once said "I call it my billion-dollar mistake" since it lead to "innumerable errors, vulnerabilities, and system crashes, which have probably caused a billion dollars of pain and damage in the last forty years". Imagine you want to remove the possibility to have null references in your preferred language: how would you achieve this goal? What consequences could this have?

[↑] Open Questions:

왜 사람들은 변화하는 것을 주저할까요?
할아버지 할머니에게 설명하는 것처럼 Thread를 설명해 보세요.
As a software engineer you want both to innovate and to be predictable. How those 2 goals can coexist in the same strategy?
어떠한 것이 좋은 코드를 만들까요?
Explain streaming and how you would implement it.
Say your Company gives you one week you can use to improve your and your colleagues' lifes: how would you use that week?
당신은 이번 주에는 어떤 것을 배웠나요?
There is an aesthetic element to all design. The question is, is this aesthetic element your friend or your enemy?
최근 읽었던 5권을 설명해주세요.
How would you introduce Continuous Delivery in a successful, huge company for which the change from Waterfall to Continuous Delivery would be not trivial, because of the size and complexity of the business?
When does it make sense to reinvent the wheel?
Let's have a conversation about "Reinventing the wheel", the "Not Invented Here Syndrome" and the "Eating Your Own Food" practice
What's the next thing you would automate in your current workflow?
Why is writing software difficult? What makes maintaining software hard?
Would you prefer working on Green Field or Brown Field projects? Why?
What happens when you type google.com into your browser and press enter?
What does an Operating System do when it has got no custom code to run, and therefore it looks idle? I would like to start a discussions about interrupts, daemons, background services, polling, event handling and so on.
Explain Unicode/Database Transactions to a 5 year old child.
모노리틱 아키텍쳐(Monolithic architecture)을 설명해주세요.
전문적인 개발자라는 사람은 어떤 의미일까요?
Is developing software an art, a craftsmanship or an engineering endeavour? Your opinion.
"People who like this also like... ". How would you implement this feature in an e-commerce shop?
Why are corporations slower than startups in innovating?
What have you achieved recently that you are proud of?

[↑] Questions about snippets of code:

이 Javascript의 함수의 출력값은 무엇일까요?

function hookupevents() {
  for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    document.getElementById("button" + i)
      .addEventListener("click", function() {
        alert(i);
      });
  }
}

타입을 지우게 되면 Java코드의 결과물은 어떻게 나올까요? 왜 그럴까요?

ArrayList<Integer> li = new ArrayList<Integer>();
ArrayList<Float> lf = new ArrayList<Float>();
if (li.getClass() == lf.getClass()) // evaluates to true
  System.out.println("Equal");

메모리 누수가 발생하는 부분을 찾을 수 있으신가요?

public class Stack {
    private Object[] elements;
    private int size = 0;
    private static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;

    public Stack() {
        elements = new Object[DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY];
    }

    public void push(Object e) {
        ensureCapacity();
        elements[size++] = e;
    }

    public Object pop() {
        if (size == 0)
            throw new EmptyStackException();
        return elements[--size];
    }

    /**
     * Ensure space for at least one more element, roughly
     * doubling the capacity each time the array needs to grow.
     */
    private void ensureCapacity() {
        if (elements.length == size)
            elements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, 2 * size + 1);
    }
}

ifs and in general conditional statements lead to procedural and imperative programming. Can you get rid of this switch and make this snippet more object oriented?

public class Formatter {

    private Service service;

    public Formatter(Service service) {
        this.service = service;
    }

    public String doTheJob(String theInput) {
        String response = service.askForPermission();
        switch (response) {
        case "FAIL":
            return "error";
        case "OK":
            return String.format("%s%s", theInput, theInput);
        default:
            return null;
        }
    }
}

if문을 제거하고 보다 아래의 코드를 보다 더 객체지향적으로 바꿀 수 있나요?

public class TheService {
    private final FileHandler fileHandler;
    private final FooRepository fooRepository;

    public TheService(FileHandler fileHandler, FooRepository fooRepository) {
        this.fileHandler = fileHandler;
        this.fooRepository = fooRepository;
    }

    public String Execute(final String file) {

        final String rewrittenUrl = fileHandler.getXmlFileFromFileName(file);
        final String executionId = fileHandler.getExecutionIdFromFileName(file);

        if ((executionId == "") || (rewrittenUrl == "")) {
            return "";
        }

        Foo knownFoo = fooRepository.getFooByXmlFileName(rewrittenUrl);

        if (knownFoo == null) {
            return "";
        }

        return knownFoo.DoThat(file);
    }
}

아래의 코드를 리팩토링 해보세요.

function()
{
    HRESULT error = S_OK;

    if(SUCCEEDED(Operation1()))
    {
        if(SUCCEEDED(Operation2()))
        {
            if(SUCCEEDED(Operation3()))
            {
                if(SUCCEEDED(Operation4()))
                {
                }
                else
                {
                    error = OPERATION4FAILED;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                error = OPERATION3FAILED;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            error = OPERATION2FAILED;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        error = OPERATION1FAILED;
    }

    return error;
}

[↑] 빌 게이츠 스타일의 질문:

This section collects some weird questions along the lines of the Manhole Cover Question.

What would happen if you put a mirror in a scanner?
Imagine there's a perfect clone of yourself. Imagine that that clone is your boss. Would you like to work for him/her?
저를 인터뷰 해주세요.
Why are Quora's answers better than Yahoo Answers' ones?
Let's play a game: defend Cobol against modern languages, and try to find as many reasonable arguments as you can.
당신은 10년 후에 어떤 모습이 되어있을까요?
당신이 나의 보스이며, 나를 해고했다고 가정해봅시다. 나에게 해고 통지를 해보세요.
I want to refactor a legacy system. You want to rewrite it from scratch. Argument. Then, switch our roles.
Your boss asks you to lie to the Company. What's your reaction?
If you could travel back in time, which advice would you give to your younger self?

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