This code example demonstrates an OTA update with PSoC™ 6 MCU and CYW43xxx connectivity devices. The device establishes a connection with the designated MQTT broker (this example uses a local Mosquitto broker). It periodically checks the job document to see if a new update is available. When a new update is available, it is downloaded and written to the secondary slot. On the next reboot, MCUboot swaps the new image in the secondary slot with the primary slot image and runs the application. If the new image is not validated in runtime, on the next reboot MCUboot reverts to the previously validated image.
MCUboot is a secure bootloader for 32-bit MCUs. See the README of the mtb-example-psoc6-mcuboot-basic code example for more details.
The OTA feature is enabled by the Over-the-air update middleware library. See the ota middleware repository on Github for more details.
Provide feedback on this code example.
- ModusToolbox™ software v2.4 or later.
- Board support package (BSP) minimum required version: 3.0.0
- Programming language: C
- Associated parts: All PSoC™ 6 MCU parts with SDIO interface
- GNU Arm® embedded compiler v10.3.1 (
GCC_ARM
) - Default value ofTOOLCHAIN
- Arm® compiler v6.13 (
ARM
) - IAR C/C++ compiler v8.42.2 (
IAR
)
This example requires PSoC™ 6 MCU devices with at least 2-MB flash and 1-MB SRAM, and therefore supports only the following kits:
- PSoC™ 6 Wi-Fi Bluetooth® prototyping kit (
CY8CPROTO-062-4343W
) - Default value ofTARGET
- PSoC™ 62S2 Wi-Fi Bluetooth® pioneer kit (
CY8CKIT-062S2-43012
) - PSoC™ 62S2 evaluation kit (
CY8CEVAL-062S2-LAI-4373M2
,CY8CEVAL-062S2-MUR-43439M2
)
This example uses the board's default configuration. See the kit user guide to ensure that the board is configured correctly.
Install a terminal emulator if you don't have one. Instructions in this document use Tera Term.
This examples uses Mosquitto to setup a local MQTT broker, see section Setting up the local MQTT Mosquitto broker for more details.
This code example is a dual-core project, where the MCUboot bootloader app runs on the CM0+ core and the OTA update app runs on the CM4 core. The OTA update app fetches the new image and places it in the flash memory; the bootloader takes care of updating the existing image with the new image. The mtb-example-psoc6-mcuboot-basic code example is the bootloader project used for this purpose.
The bootloader project and this OTA update project should be built and programmed independently. They must be placed separately in the workspace as you would do for any other two independent projects. An example workspace would look something like this:
<example-workspace>
|
|-<mtb-example-psoc6-mcuboot-basic>
|-<mtb-example-ota-mqtt>
|
You must first build and program the MCUboot bootloader project into the CM0+ core; this needs to be done only once. The OTA update app can then be programmed into the CM4 core; you need to only modify this app for all application purposes.
The mtb-example-psoc6-mcuboot-basic code example bundles two applications: the bootloader app that runs on CM0+, and the Blinky app that runs on CM4. For this code example, only the bootloader app is required and the root directory of the bootloader app is referred to as <bootloader_cm0p> in this document.
-
Import the mtb-example-psoc6-mcuboot-basic code example per the instructions in the Using the code example section of its README.
-
The bootloader and OTA applications must have the same understanding of the memory layout. Override the default memory layout by editing the make variables in the <bootloader_cm0p>/shared_config.mk file. For this example, perform the following edits to match the memory layout with the OTA application:
ifeq ($(USE_EXT_FLASH), 1) MCUBOOT_SLOT_SIZE=0x1C0000 else MCUBOOT_SLOT_SIZE=0xF0000 endif . . . MCUBOOT_SCRATCH_SIZE=0x4000
-
Copy the <mtb_shared>/mcuboot/<tag>/boot/cypress/MCUBootApp/config folder and paste it in the <bootloader_cm0p> folder.
-
Edit the <bootloader_cm0p>/config/mcuboot_config/mcuboot_config.h file and comment out the following defines to skip checking the image signature:
#define MCUBOOT_SIGN_EC256 #define NUM_ECC_BYTES (256 / 8) . . . #define MCUBOOT_VALIDATE_PRIMARY_SLOT
-
Edit <bootloader_cm0p>/app.mk and replace the MCUboot include
$(MCUBOOTAPP_PATH)/config
with./config
. This gets the build system to find the new copy of the config directory that you pasted in the <bootloader_cm0p> directory, instead of the default one supplied by the library. -
Edit <bootloader_cm0p>/Makefile:
-
Set
USE_EXT_FLASH
to '1', to use the external flash to store the secondary image. -
Set
SWAP_UPGRADE
to '1', to enable swap feature of MCUboot.
-
-
Connect the board to your PC using the provided USB cable through the KitProg3 USB connector.
-
Open a CLI terminal.
On Linux and macOS, you can use any terminal application. On Windows, open the modus-shell app from the Start menu.
-
Navigate the terminal to the <mtb_shared>/mcuboot/<tag>/scripts folder.
-
Run the following command to ensure that the required modules are installed or already present ("Requirement already satisfied:" is printed).
pip install -r requirements.txt
-
Open a serial terminal emulator and select the KitProg3 COM port. Set the serial port parameters to 8N1 and 115200 baud.
-
Build and program the application per the Step-by-step instructions in its README.
After programming, the bootloader application starts automatically.
Figure 1. Booting with no bootable image
Note: This example does not demonstrate securely upgrading the image and booting from it using features such as image-signing and secured boot. See the PSoC™ 64 line of "Secure" MCUs that offer all those features built around MCUboot.
Create the project and open it using one of the following:
In Eclipse IDE for ModusToolbox™ software
-
Click the New Application link in the Quick Panel (or, use File > New > ModusToolbox Application). This launches the Project Creator tool.
-
Pick a kit supported by the code example from the list shown in the Project Creator - Choose Board Support Package (BSP) dialog.
When you select a supported kit, the example is reconfigured automatically to work with the kit. To work with a different supported kit later, use the Library Manager to choose the BSP for the supported kit. You can use the Library Manager to select or update the BSP and firmware libraries used in this application. To access the Library Manager, click the link from the Quick Panel.
You can also just start the application creation process again and select a different kit.
If you want to use the application for a kit not listed here, you may need to update the source files. If the kit does not have the required resources, the application may not work.
-
In the Project Creator - Select Application dialog, choose the example by enabling the checkbox.
-
(Optional) Change the suggested New Application Name.
-
The Application(s) Root Path defaults to the Eclipse workspace which is usually the desired location for the application. If you want to store the application in a different location, you can change the Application(s) Root Path value. Applications that share libraries should be in the same root path.
-
Click Create to complete the application creation process.
For more details, see the Eclipse IDE for ModusToolbox™ software user guide (locally available at {ModusToolbox™ software install directory}/ide_{version}/docs/mt_ide_user_guide.pdf).
In command-line interface (CLI)
ModusToolbox™ software provides the Project Creator as both a GUI tool and the command line tool, "project-creator-cli". The CLI tool can be used to create applications from a CLI terminal or from within batch files or shell scripts. This tool is available in the {ModusToolbox™ software install directory}/tools_{version}/project-creator/ directory.
Use a CLI terminal to invoke the "project-creator-cli" tool. On Windows, use the command line "modus-shell" program provided in the ModusToolbox™ software installation instead of a standard Windows command-line application. This shell provides access to all ModusToolbox™ software tools. You can access it by typing modus-shell
in the search box in the Windows menu. In Linux and macOS, you can use any terminal application.
This tool has the following arguments:
Argument | Description | Required/optional |
---|---|---|
--board-id |
Defined in the <id> field of the BSP manifest |
Required |
--app-id |
Defined in the <id> field of the CE manifest |
Required |
--target-dir |
Specify the directory in which the application is to be created if you prefer not to use the default current working directory | Optional |
--user-app-name |
Specify the name of the application if you prefer to have a name other than the example's default name | Optional |
The following example will clone the "Hello World" application with the desired name "MyHelloWorld" configured for the CY8CKIT-062-WIFI-BT BSP into the specified working directory, C:/mtb_projects:
project-creator-cli --board-id CY8CKIT-062-WIFI-BT --app-id mtb-example-psoc6-hello-world --user-app-name MyHelloWorld --target-dir "C:/mtb_projects"
Note: The project-creator-cli tool uses the git clone
and make getlibs
commands to fetch the repository and import the required libraries. For details, see the "Project creator tools" section of the ModusToolbox™ software user guide (locally available at {ModusToolbox™ software install directory}/docs_{version}/mtb_user_guide.pdf).
In third-party IDEs
Use one of the following options:
-
Use the standalone Project Creator tool:
-
Launch Project Creator from the Windows Start menu or from {ModusToolbox™ software install directory}/tools_{version}/project-creator/project-creator.exe.
-
In the initial Choose Board Support Package screen, select the BSP, and click Next.
-
In the Select Application screen, select the appropriate IDE from the Target IDE drop-down menu.
-
Click Create and follow the instructions printed in the bottom pane to import or open the exported project in the respective IDE.
-
-
Use command-line interface (CLI):
-
Follow the instructions from the In command-line interface (CLI) section to create the application, and then import the libraries using the
make getlibs
command. -
Export the application to a supported IDE using the
make <ide>
command. -
Follow the instructions displayed in the terminal to create or import the application as an IDE project.
-
For a list of supported IDEs and more details, see the "Exporting to IDEs" section of the ModusToolbox™ software user guide (locally available at {ModusToolbox™ software install directory}/docs_{version}/mtb_user_guide.pdf).
The root directory of the OTA application is referred to as <OTA Application> in this document.
This code example uses the locally installable Mosquitto that runs on your computer as the default broker. You can also use one of the other public MQTT brokers listed at https://github.com/mqtt/mqtt.github.io/wiki/public_brokers.
-
Download the executable setup from Mosquitto downloads site.
-
Run the setup to install the software. During installation uncheck the Service component. Also, note down the installation directory.
-
Once the installation is complete, add the installation directory to the system PATH.
-
Open a CLI terminal.
On Linux and macOS, you can use any terminal application. On Windows, open the modus-shell app from the Start menu
-
Navigate to the <OTA Application>/scripts/ folder.
-
Execute the following command to generate self-signed SSL certificates and keys. On Linux and macOS, you can get your device local IP address by running the
ifconfig
command on any terminal application. On Windows, run theipconfig
command on a command prompt.sh generate_ssl_cert.sh <local-ip-address-of-your-pc>
Example:
sh generate_ssl_cert.sh 192.168.0.10
This step will generate the following files in the same <OTA Application>/scripts/ directory:
- mosquitto_ca.crt - Root CA certificate
- mosquitto_ca.key - Root CA private key
- mosquitto_server.crt - Server certificate
- mosquitto_server.key - Server private key
- mosquitto_client.crt - Client certificate
- mosquitto_client.key - Client private key
-
The <OTA Application>/scripts/mosquitto.conf file is pre-configured for starting the Mosquitto server for this code example. You can edit the file if you wish to make other changes to the broker settings.
-
Starting the Mosquitto MQTT server:
-
Using the code example in TLS mode (default):
-
Execute the following command:
mosquitto -v -c mosquitto.conf
-
-
Using the code example in Non-TLS mode:
-
Edit the <OTA Application>/scripts/mosquitto.conf file and change the value of
require_certificate
parameter tofalse
. -
Execute the following command:
mosquitto -v -c mosquitto.conf
-
-
-
Open a CLI terminal.
On Linux and macOS, you can use any terminal application. On Windows, open the modus-shell app from the Start menu.
-
Navigate to the <OTA Application>/scripts/ folder.
-
Run the following command to ensure that the required Python modules are installed or already present ("Requirement already satisfied:" is printed).
pip install -r requirements.txt
-
Edit the <OTA Application>/scripts/publisher.py file and change the value of the variable
MOSQUITTO_BROKER_LOCAL_ADDRESS
to the local IP address of your PC. -
Run the publisher.py python script.
The scripts takes arguments such as kit name, broker URL, and file path. For details on the supported arguments and their usage, execute the following command.
python publisher.py --help
To start the publisher script for the default settings of this example, execute the following command:
python publisher.py tls
-
Connect the board to your PC using the provided USB cable through the KitProg3 USB connector.
-
Open a terminal program and select the KitProg3 COM port. Set the serial port parameters to 8N1 and 115200 baud.
-
Edit the <OTA Application>/source/ota_app_config.h file to configure your OTA application:
-
Modify the connection configuration such as
WIFI_SSID
,WIFI_PASSWORD
, andWIFI_SECURITY
to match the settings of your Wi-Fi network. Make sure the device running the MQTT broker and the kit are connected to the same network. -
Modify the value of
MQTT_BROKER_URL
to the local IP address of your MQTT broker. -
By default, this code example works in TLS mode. To use the example in non-TLS mode, modify
ENABLE_TLS
tofalse
and skip the next step of adding the certificate. -
Add the certificates and key:
-
Open a CLI terminal.
On Linux and macOS, you can use any terminal application. On Windows, open the modus-shell app from the Start menu.
-
Navigate the terminal to <OTA Application>/scripts/ directory.
-
Run the format_cert_key.py Python script to generate the string format of the certificate and key files that can be added as a macro. Pass the name of the certificate or key with the extension as an argument to the Python script:
python format_cert_key.py <one-or-more-file-name-of-certificate-or-key-with-extension>
Example:
python format_cert_key.py mosquitto_ca.crt mosquitto_client.crt mosquitto_client.key
-
Copy the generated strings and add it to the
ROOT_CA_CERTIFICATE
,CLIENT_CERTIFICATE
andCLIENT_KEY
macros per the sample shown.
-
-
-
Edit the job document (<OTA Application>/scripts/ota_update.json):
-
Modify the value of
Broker
to match the IP address of your MQTT broker. -
Modify the value of
Board
to match the kit you are using. -
In Step 3, if the code example has been configured to work in non-TLS mode: Set the value of
Port
to1883
.
-
-
Program the board using one of the following:
Using Eclipse IDE for ModusToolbox™ software
-
Select the application project in the Project Explorer.
-
In the Quick Panel, scroll down, and click <Application Name> Program (KitProg3_MiniProg4).
Using CLI
From the terminal, execute the
make program
command to build and program the application using the default toolchain to the default target. The default toolchain and target are specified in the application's Makefile but you can override those values manually:make program TARGET=<BSP> TOOLCHAIN=<toolchain>
Example:
make program TARGET=CY8CPROTO-062-4343W TOOLCHAIN=GCC_ARM
At this point, the primary slot is programmed. The CM4 CPU starts running the image from the primary slot on reset. Observe the messages on the UART terminal and wait for the device to make the required connections as shown in Figure 2. Observe that the user LED blinks at 1 Hz.
Figure 2. Connection to the MQTT broker
-
-
The Job document placed in the <OTA Application>/scripts/ folder has a value of
Version
as1.0.0
. Because the OTA application version and the available update version are the same, the update will not happen. -
Modify the value of the
BLINKY_DELAY_MS
macro to(100)
in the <OTA Application>/source/led_task.c file and change the app version in the <OTA Application>/Makefile by settingAPP_VERSION_MINOR
to '1'. -
Build the app (DO NOT program it to the kit). This new image will be published to the MQTT broker in the following steps to demonstrate the OTA update.
Using Eclipse IDE for ModusToolbox™ software -
Select the application project in the Project Explorer.
-
In the Quick Panel, scroll down, and click Build <OTA Application> Application.
-
Using CLI
1. From the terminal, execute the `make build` command to build the application using the default toolchain to the default target. You can specify a target and toolchain manually:
```
make build TARGET=<BSP> TOOLCHAIN=<toolchain>
```
Example:
```
make build TARGET=CY8CPROTO-062-4343W TOOLCHAIN=GCC_ARM
```
-
After a successful build, edit the <OTA Application>/scripts/ota_update.json file to modify the value of
Version
to1.1.0
. -
The OTA application now finds the updated Job document, downloads the new image, and places it in the secondary slot. Once the download is complete, a soft reset is issued. The MCUboot bootloader starts the image upgrade process.
Figure 3. Image download
-
After the image upgrade is successfully completed, observe that the user LED is now blinking at 10 Hz.
-
To test the revert feature of MCUboot, we can send a bad image as v1.2.0 OTA update. The bad image used in this example is an infinite loop. The watchdog timer will reset the bad image and upon reboot, MCUboot will revert the primary image back to v1.1.0 good image. Edit <OTA Application>/Makefile and add
TEST_REVERT
to theDefines
variable as shown:DEFINES+=CY_RTOS_AWARE HTTP_DO_NOT_USE_CUSTOM_CONFIG TEST_REVERT
-
Edit the app version in the <OTA Application>/Makefile by setting
APP_VERSION_MINOR
to '2'. -
Build the application per Step 8.
-
After a successful build, edit the <OTA Application>/scripts/ota_update.json file to modify the value of
Version
to1.2.0
. -
The OTA application will now find this new v1.2.0 image and update to it. After the update, within a few seconds, the watchdog timer resets the devices. Upon reset, MCUboot reverts to the v1.1.0 good image.
You can debug the example to step through the code. In the IDE, use the <OTA Application> Debug (KitProg3_MiniProg4) configuration in the Quick Panel. For details, see the "Program and debug" section in the Eclipse IDE for ModusToolbox™ software user guide.
Note: (Only while debugging) On the CM4 CPU, some code in main()
may execute before the debugger halts at the beginning of main()
. This means that some code executes twice - once before the debugger stops execution, and again after the debugger resets the program counter to the beginning of main()
. See KBA231071 to learn about this and for the workaround.
This example implements two RTOS tasks: OTA client and LED blink. Both these tasks are independent and do not communicate with each other. The OTA client task initializes the dependent middleware and starts the OTA agent. The LED task blinks the user LED at a specified delay.
All the source files related to the two tasks are placed under the <OTA Application>/source/ directory:
File | Description |
---|---|
ota_task.c | Contains the task and functions related to the OTA client. |
ota_task.h | Contains the public interfaces for the OTA client task. |
led_task.c | Contains the task and functions related to LED blinking. |
led_task.h | Contains the public interfaces for the LED blink task. |
main.c | Initializes the BSP and the retarget-io library, and creates the OTA client and LED blink tasks. |
ota_app_config.h | Contains the OTA and Wi-Fi configuration macros such has SSID, password, MQTT broker details, certificates, and key. |
All the scripts and configurations needed for this example are placed under the <OTA Application>/scripts/ directory:
File | Description |
---|---|
generate_ssl_cert.sh | Shell script to generate the required self-signed CA, server and client certificates. |
publisher.py | Python script to communicate with the client and to publish the OTA images. |
mosquitto.conf | Configuration file for the Mosquitto server. |
ota_update.json | OTA job document. |
format_cert_key.py | Python script to convert certificate/key to string format. |
The <OTA Application>/configs/ folder contains other configurations related to the OTA middleware, FreeRTOS, and MBEDTLS.
Figure 4 shows the flow of the OTA update process using MQTT. The application which needs OTA updates should run the OTA agent. The OTA agent spawns threads to receive OTA updates when available, without intervening with the application's core functionality.
The initial application resides in the primary slot of the flash memory. When the OTA agent receives an update, the new image is placed in the secondary slot of the flash memory. On the next reboot, MCUboot copies the image from the secondary slot into the primary slot and then CM4 will boot the upgraded image from the primary slot.
Figure 4. Overview of OTA update using MQTT
For more details on the features and configurations offered by the ota library, see its README.
Both MCUboot and the application must have an identical understanding of the memory layout. Otherwise, the bootloader may consider an authentic image as invalid. For more details on the features and configurations of MCUboot-based bootloader, see the README of the mtb-example-psoc6-mcuboot-basic code example.
Table 1. Application resources
Resource | Alias/object | Purpose |
---|---|---|
UART (HAL) | cy_retarget_io_uart_obj | UART HAL object used by Retarget-IO for the Debug UART port |
GPIO (HAL) | CYBSP_USER_LED | User LED |
Resources | Links |
---|---|
Application notes | AN228571 – Getting started with PSoC™ 6 MCU on ModusToolbox™ software AN215656 – PSoC™ 6 MCU: Dual-CPU system design |
Code examples | Using ModusToolbox™ software on GitHub |
Device documentation | PSoC™ 6 MCU datasheets PSoC™ 6 technical reference manuals |
Development kits | Visit www.cypress.com/microcontrollers-mcus-kits and use the options in the Select your kit section to filter kits by Product family or Features. |
Libraries on GitHub | mtb-pdl-cat1 – PSoC™ 6 peripheral driver library (PDL) mtb-hal-cat1 – Hardware abstraction layer (HAL) library retarget-io – Utility library to retarget STDIO messages to a UART port |
Middleware on GitHub | ota – OTA library and docs wifi-mw-core – Wi-Fi middleware core library and docs capsense – CAPSENSE™ library and docs psoc6-middleware – Links to all PSoC™ 6 MCU middleware |
Tools | Eclipse IDE for ModusToolbox™ software – ModusToolbox™ software is a collection of easy-to-use software and tools enabling rapid development with Infineon MCUs, covering applications from embedded sense and control to wireless and cloud-connected systems using AIROC™ Wi-Fi and Bluetooth® connectivity devices. |
Cypress provides a wealth of data at www.cypress.com to help you select the right device, and quickly and effectively integrate it into your design.
For PSoC™ 6 MCU devices, see How to design with PSoC™ 6 MCU - KBA223067 in the Cypress community.
Document title: CE230031 - Over-the-air firmware update using MQTT
Version | Description of change |
---|---|
1.0.0 | New code example |
1.1.0 | Minor Makefile updates to sync with BSP changes |
1.2.0 | Updated the .cyignore file to support new build system changes |
2.0.0 | Updated to support OTA v2.x and ModusToolbox™ software v2.2 This version is not backward compatible with ModusToolbox™ software v2.1 |
2.1.0 | Minor update to README - Added steps to install required Python modules |
2.2.0 | Updated the configuration file to support MbedTLS v2.22.0 |
3.0.0 | Update to: 1. Support ota v4.X library 2. Use locally installed Mosquitto broker 3. Support swap upgrade with MCUboot |
3.1.0 | Added support for the kit CY8CEVAL-062S2-LAI-4373M2 |
4.0.0 | Updated to support ModusToolbox™ software v2.4 and BSP v3.X Added support for CY8CEVAL-062S2-MUR-43439M2 kit |
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