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最近Home Assistant新增了能源模块，公司的项目又正好是数据采集相关的，看了下市面上卖的Modbus透传模块价格都不低，于是有了自己做的想法。请教硬件朋友，拿到了最简单的485转TTL电路。等了很久最近ESPHome终于初步支持了基于RISC-V架构的ESP32-C3（极低功耗、CPU温度、蓝牙5.0、160 MHz...非常强）。于是直接二者结合，搞出了指甲盖大小的485透传模块。把模块和变压器塞进了正泰导轨式模数化插座里（一举两得），测试电表用的是正泰的DDSU666（理论上支持所有Modbus设备数据透传）
清单只包含关键材料，不包含焊接工具、线材、刷机工具等辅助工具
| 名称 | 型号 | 数量 | PCB标注 | 链接 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESP-C3-13U | 4M | 1 | ESP-C3-13U | 购买 |
| AMS1117-3.3 稳压电源芯片降压IC | AMS1117-3.3 | 1 | U1 | 购买 |
| MAX13487EESA SOIC-8 | - | 1 | U2 | 购买 |
| 0603贴片电阻 4.7KΩ | - | 1 | R1/R2 | 购买 |
| 0603贴片电容 50V 100NF ±10% | - | 1 | C1 | 购买 |
| 2.4G内置柔性FPC软天线 | IPEX接头 | 1 | - | 购买 |
| 220V转5V700mA电源模块 | 5V700mA | 1 | - | 购买 |
| 正泰DDSU666 | 5-80A ModBus | 1 | - | 购买 |
| 正泰模数化插座 | AC30-103 | 1 | - | 购买 |
按PCB标注焊接即可，注意ESP-C3-13U的焊接，缝隙很小，一定要对其
这里参考
esphome:
name: esp32_c3_test
platform: ESP32
board: esp32-c3-devkitm-1
platformio_options:
platform: https://github.com/platformio/platform-espressif32.git#feature/arduino-upstream
platform_packages:
- framework-arduinoespressif32@https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32.git#2.0.0
board_build.variant: esp32c3
board_build.f_cpu: 160000000L
board_build.f_flash: 40000000L
upload_protocol: esptool
board_build.flash_mode: dio
wifi:
ssid: "#WIFI名称#"
password: "#WIFI密码#"
captive_portal:
logger:
api:
password: '#api密码#'
ota:
password: '#ota密码#'
web_server:
port: 80
time:
- platform: sntp
id: esp485_time
uart:
id: esp485_uart
rx_pin: 18
tx_pin: 19
baud_rate: 9600
data_bits: 8
stop_bits: 1
modbus:
id: esp485_modbus
send_wait_time: 200ms
modbus_controller:
- id: esp485_modbus_controller
modbus_id: esp485_modbus
address: 0x01 #设备地址码（一般是1根据实际情况填）#
command_throttle: 200ms
setup_priority: -10
update_interval: 10s
sensor:
- platform: modbus_controller
modbus_controller_id: esp485_modbus_controller
id: esp485_modbus_u
name: "U"
address: 0x2000
register_count: 2
unit_of_measurement: "V"
register_type: holding
value_type: FP32
accuracy_decimals: 1
device_class: voltage
- platform: modbus_controller
modbus_controller_id: esp485_modbus_controller
id: esp485_modbus_i
name: "I"
address: 0x2002
register_count: 2
unit_of_measurement: "A"
register_type: holding
value_type: FP32
accuracy_decimals: 3
device_class: current
- platform: modbus_controller
modbus_controller_id: esp485_modbus_controller
id: esp485_modbus_p
name: "P"
address: 0x2004
register_count: 2
unit_of_measurement: "W"
register_type: holding
value_type: FP32
accuracy_decimals: 1
filters:
- multiply: 1000
device_class: power
- platform: modbus_controller
modbus_controller_id: esp485_modbus_controller
id: esp485_modbus_q
name: "Q"
address: 0x2006
register_count: 2
unit_of_measurement: "var"
register_type: holding
value_type: FP32
accuracy_decimals: 1
filters:
- multiply: 1000
device_class: power
- platform: modbus_controller
modbus_controller_id: esp485_modbus_controller
id: esp485_modbus_s
name: "S"
address: 0x2008
register_count: 2
unit_of_measurement: "VA"
register_type: holding
value_type: FP32
accuracy_decimals: 1
filters:
- multiply: 1000
device_class: power
- platform: modbus_controller
modbus_controller_id: esp485_modbus_controller
id: esp485_modbus_pf
name: "PF"
address: 0x200A
register_count: 2
register_type: holding
value_type: FP32
accuracy_decimals: 3
device_class: power_factor
- platform: modbus_controller
modbus_controller_id: esp485_modbus_controller
id: esp485_modbus_freq
name: "Freq"
address: 0x200E
register_count: 2
unit_of_measurement: "Hz"
register_type: holding
value_type: FP32
accuracy_decimals: 2
- platform: modbus_controller
modbus_controller_id: esp485_modbus_controller
id: esp485_modbus_ep
name: "Ep"
address: 0x4000
register_count: 2
unit_of_measurement: "kWh"
register_type: holding
value_type: FP32
accuracy_decimals: 2
device_class: energy
state_class: total_increasing刷机命令（提前安装好esptool.py，辅助bin文件可以从firmware文件夹取或从tasmota-git）
请参考 tasmota-doc
sudo esptool.py --chip esp32c3 --port /dev/ttyUSB0（Win为COM1...口） --baud 460800 --before default_reset --after hard_reset write_flash -z --flash_mode dout --flash_freq 40m --flash_size detect 0x0000 bootloader_dout_40m.bin 0x8000 partitions.bin 0xe000 boot_app0.bin 0x10000 firmware.bin
打开HA管理界面（默认端口8123），点击配置，集成，添加集成，搜ESPHome，输入IP，#api密码#就可以接入模块了。能源里添加如下图
Modbus一般分Modbus-TCP和Modbus-RTU两个种，收发报文有所区别，这里不做过多介绍网上资料很多。我这里介绍Modbus-RTU的，Modbus-TCP由于没有设备无法测试。一般设备厂商设备说明书里都会提供地址说明（有的可以从官网下到），直接看图
请参考之前DIY的步骤
1、EPS-C3-13U进入下载模式只需要通电前将IO9接地，接法如下图
2、外壳和变压器安装注意做好绝缘
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