This repo contains code for our paper Ask the Right Questions: Active Question Reformulation with Reinforcement Learning.
Small forewarning, this is still much more of a research codebase than a library. No support is provided.
If you use this code for your research, please cite the paper.
ActiveQA is an agent that transforms questions online in order to find the best answers. The agent consists of a Tensorflow model that reformulates questions and an Answer Selection model. It interacts with an environment that contains a question-answering system. The agent queries the environment with variants of a question and calculates a score for the answer against the original question. The model is trained end-to-end using reinforcement learning.
This version addresses the SearchQA question-answering task, and the environment consists of the Bi-directional Attention Flow (BiDAF) model of Seo et al. (2017).
We require tensorflow and many other supporting libraries. Tensorflow should be installed separately following the docs. To install the other dependencies use
pip install -r requirements.txt
Note: We only ran this code with Python 2, so Python 3 is not officially supported.
Download the source dataset from SearchQA, GloVe, and NLTK corpus and save them in $HOME/data.
export DATA_DIR=$HOME/data
mkdir $DATA_DIR
Download the SearchQA dataset (~600 MB) for training, testing, and validation here: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1OxRhw81g7amW3aBd_iu2By5THysgr2uv
<Download the dataset to $DATA_DIR/SearchQA.zip>
unzip $DATA_DIR/SearchQA.zip -d $DATA_DIR
Download GloVe (~850 MB):
export GLOVE_DIR=$DATA_DIR/glove
mkdir $GLOVE_DIR
wget -c http://nlp.stanford.edu/data/glove.6B.zip -O $GLOVE_DIR/glove.6B.zip
unzip $GLOVE_DIR/glove.6B.zip -d $GLOVE_DIR
Download NLTK (for tokenizer). Make sure that nltk is installed!
python -m nltk.downloader -d $HOME/nltk_data punkt
Download the reformulator model pretrained on UN+Paralex datasets (~140 MB):
export PRETRAINED_DIR=$DATA_DIR/pretrained
mkdir $PRETRAINED_DIR
wget -c https://storage.googleapis.com/pretrained_models/translate.ckpt-1460356.zip -O $PRETRAINED_DIR/translate.ckpt-1460356.zip
unzip $PRETRAINED_DIR/translate.ckpt-1460356.zip -d $PRETRAINED_DIR
The SearchQA dataset requires a 2-step preprocessing:
-
Convert into SQuAD data format as the model was written to only work with that format.
export SQUAD_DIR=$DATA_DIR/squad mkdir $SQUAD_DIR python -m searchqa.prepro \ --searchqa_dir=$DATA_DIR/SearchQA \ --squad_dir=$SQUAD_DIR -
Preprocess the SearchQA dataset in SQuAD format (along with GloVe vectors) and save them in $PWD/data/squad (~60 minutes):
python -m third_party.bi_att_flow.squad.prepro \ --glove_dir=$GLOVE_DIR \ --source_dir=$SQUAD_DIR
Note that Python2 and Python3 handle Unicode differently and hence the preprocessing output differs. For converting the SearchQA format to SQuAD format either version can be used; use Python3 for other datasets.
We need to compile the gRPC interface for the Environment Server.
chmod +x compile_protos.sh; ./compile_protos.sh
The training requires running the environment gRPC server, which receives queries from the ActiveQA agent and sends back one response per query.
python -m px.environments.bidaf_server \
--port=10000 \
--squad_data_dir=data/squad \
--bidaf_shared_file=data/bidaf/shared.json \
--bidaf_model_dir=data/bidaf/
The checkpoint of a BiDAF model trained on SearchQA is already provided in data/bidaf, so you don't have to train one yourself. However, if you want to reproduce our training, clone the BiDAF repository and run
python basic/cli.py \
--mode=trains \
--data_dir=data/squad \
--shared_path=data/bidaf/shared.json \
--init_lr=0.001 \
--num_steps=14000
We first train reformulator from a model pretrained on UN and Paralex datasets. It should take a week on a single P100 GPU to reach ~42 F1 score on SearchQA's dev set.
export OUT_DIR=/tmp/active-qa
mkdir $OUT_DIR
export REFORMULATOR_DIR=$OUT_DIR/reformulator
mkdir $REFORMULATOR_DIR
echo "model_checkpoint_path: \"$PRETRAINED_DIR/translate.ckpt-1460356\"" > checkpoint
cp -f checkpoint $REFORMULATOR_DIR
cp -f checkpoint $REFORMULATOR_DIR/initial_checkpoint.txt
python -m px.nmt.reformulator_and_selector_training \
--environment_server_address=localhost:10000 \
--hparams_path=px/nmt/example_configs/reformulator.json \
--enable_reformulator_training=true \
--enable_selector_training=false \
--train_questions=$SQUAD_DIR/train-questions.txt \
--train_annotations=$SQUAD_DIR/train-annotation.txt \
--train_data=data/squad/data_train.json \
--dev_questions=$SQUAD_DIR/dev-questions.txt \
--dev_annotations=$SQUAD_DIR/dev-annotation.txt \
--dev_data=data/squad/data_dev.json \
--glove_path=$GLOVE_DIR/glove.6B.100d.txt \
--out_dir=$REFORMULATOR_DIR \
--tensorboard_dir=$OUT_DIR/tensorboard
Note: if you don't want to wait a week of training, you can download this checkpoint of the reformulator trained on SearchQA, with dev set F1 score of 42.5. Note that this is not the exact model analyzed in the paper, but one with equivalent performance.
After training the reformulator, we can now train the selector. It should take 2-3 days on a single P100 GPU to reach ~47.5 F1 score on SearchQA's dev set.
python -m px.nmt.reformulator_and_selector_training \
--environment_server_address=localhost:10000 \
--hparams_path=px/nmt/example_configs/reformulator.json \
--enable_reformulator_training=false \
--enable_selector_training=true \
--train_questions=$SQUAD_DIR/train-questions.txt \
--train_annotations=$SQUAD_DIR/train-annotation.txt \
--train_data=data/squad/data_train.json \
--dev_questions=$SQUAD_DIR/dev-questions.txt \
--dev_annotations=$SQUAD_DIR/dev-annotation.txt \
--dev_data=data/squad/data_dev.json \
--glove_path=$GLOVE_DIR/glove.6B.100d.txt \
--batch_size_train=16 \
--batch_size_eval=64 \
--save_path=$OUT_DIR/selector \
--out_dir=$REFORMULATOR_DIR \
--tensorboard_dir=$OUT_DIR/tensorboard
Note: If you don't want to wait 2-3 days for the training to finish, you can download a checkpoint of the selector. The checkpoint is trained on SearchQA, achieving an F1 score of ~47.5 on the dev set.
This repository relies on the work of the following repositories:
and uses data from the following sources:
@inproceedings{buck18,
author = {Christian Buck and
Jannis Bulian and
Massimiliano Ciaramita and
Andrea Gesmundo and
Neil Houlsby and
Wojciech Gajewski and
Wei Wang},
title = {Ask the Right Questions: Active Question Reformulation with Reinforcement
Learning},
booktitle = {Sixth International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
year = {2018},
month = {May},
address = {Vancouver, Canada},
url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=S1CChZ-CZ},
}
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