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english-wordnet's Introduction

Open English WordNet

Open English WordNet is a lexical network of the English language grouping words into synsets and linking them according to relationships such as hypernymy, antonymy and meronymy. It is intended to be used in natural language processing applications and provides deep lexical information about the English language as a graph.

Open English WordNet is a fork of the Princeton Wordnet developed under an open source methodology. The quality and veracity of the resource may differ from the Princeton WordNet and we welcome contributions. Contributions to this wordnet may eventually be incorporated into future releases of Princeton WordNet. Correspondance to previous versions and wordnets in other language is provided through the Collaborative Interlingual Index (CILI). The Open English WordNet is available as individual files in GWN-LMF format.

Releases

Open English WordNet is released through the Open English WordNet website. The versions released are

The size of each resource is as follows

Edition Words Synsets Relations
2023 161,338 120,135 415,905
2022 161,221 120,068 386,437
2021 163,161 120,039 384,505
2020 163,079 120,052 385,211
2019 160,051 117,791 378,201
Princeton 3.1 159,015 117,791 378,203

Usage

To compile these into a single file please use the following script(s)

python scripts/from-yaml.py
python scripts/merge.py

This will create a file at wn31.xml that contains the complete wordnet.

Further conversions are available through the converter here.

Changes

We welcome changes, to make a change please read our contributing guidelines and make a pull request.

Open English WordNet is a high-quality resource that acts as a gold-standard for natural language processing, as such we cannot accept any automatically generated results that have not been manually validated.

Please be aware that we use the Global WordNet Association LMF and please read the guidelines for using the format

License

WordNet is released under CC-BY 4.0

References

The canonical citation for English Wordnet is:

More recent papers describing it include:

It incorporates material from:

  • Christiane Fellbaum, editor (1998) WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
  • Merrick Choo Yeu Herng and Francis Bond (2021) Taboo wordnet. In Proceedings of the 11th Global Wordnet Conference (GWC2021), University of South Africa (UNISA).

Contributors

  • John P. McCrae
  • Alexandre Rademaker
  • Ewa Rudnicka
  • Bernard Bou
  • Daiki Nomura
  • David Cillessen
  • Ciara O'Loughlin
  • Cathal McGovern
  • Francis Bond
  • Eric Kafe
  • Michael Wayne Goodman
  • Merrick Choo Yeu Herng
  • Enejda Nasaj

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english-wordnet's Issues

"comparable with" should not have "with"

Comparable with ewn-00506084-s is an odd usage as the "with" marks the complement, perhaps this could be merged into an existing synset for "comparable", such as ewn-00505894-a

"highly sensitive" is not a valid term

The synset "highly sensitive" ewn-02111676-s "readily affected by various agents" seems to just be the hypernym sense "sensitive" with an intensifier not a phrase with a distinct meaning

Merge "collect" and "gather"

Highly similar definitions:

collect, pull in ewn-01387093-v

get or bring together

amass, cumulate, accumulate, conglomerate, pile up, gather ewn-00158612-v

collect or gather

sense ordering?

hi, I can't seem to find the ordering sense in the XML format. for instance, if we look up the word dog on PWN, I get that the most common sense for dog is that of the domestic animal.

the XML format has the information of which words are most common in a given synset -- this ranking being -04 part in ewn-dog-n-09905672-04 -- but not which senses are most common for a given word, right? or have I overlooked something? cc @jmccrae @hmuniz

Merge "admirable" and "estimable"

Highly similar definitions:

admirable ewn-00907512-s

deserving of the highest esteem or admiration

good, respectable, honorable, estimable ewn-01990227-s

deserving of esteem and respect

Merge "Doubt" with "suspect"

Two verb synsets are hypernyms but have very similar definitions

Doubt ewn-00689424-v

lack confidence in or have doubts about;

Suspect, mistrust, distrust ewn-00689827-v

regard as untrustworthy; regard with suspicion; have no faith or confidence in

Merge "black out" and "obliterate"

Highly similar definitions:

black out ewn-02768257-v

obliterate or extinguish

obliterate ewn-00473161-v

do away with completely, without leaving a trace

slammer

slammer%1:18:00:: is derived from basball_player. And it's def goes like this

a person who closes things violently; "she's a dramatic slammer of doors"

Especially the example sentence doesn't suit for a baseball players. I guess we should put this slammer to other places(for e.x., clumsy_person%1:18:01:: or unwelcome_person%1:18:00::). Or I could have more suitable def for a baseball player.

Merge "visible" and "on hand"

Highly similar definitions:

visible ewn-00186092-s

present and easily available

on hand ewn-00186320-s

readily available

XML Format Problem

In editing XML files, I am facing the same troubles that Alexandre mentioned in Issue 26, 30. I would like to discuss this issue and find some solution to these problems. He listed two points.

  1. the size of each lexicographer file is almost 10x times bigger than the original WordNet txt files
    --My vim almost freeze when I search a word in a huge file(e.x., adj.all). So I use "grep -n" and jump to the line number(Command line grep is faster than editor's search). However, this might be a problem.

  2. synsets are not self-contained in the same file region
    --Wordform relations are separated from "synset tag" and put them in a "sense tag". Although this might be an emphasis of word-form independence from word-meaning, this makes it difficult to grasp the overview of a synset in this XML.

There are 4 kinds of updates in WordNet: def, meaning-link, wordform-link, and wordform itself. I can handle for def but it is difficult for meaning-link, wordform-link, and wordform.

Is there a way to make things easy for link and wordform?

Merge "regularly" and "evenly"

Highly similar definitions:

regularly ewn-00332957-r

in a regular way without variation

evenly ewn-00332587-r

in a level and regular way

merge: triple crown

02332956-a 'unofficial championship title for player who heads the league in batting average and home runs and runs batted in';

is the same as

13949080-n 'an unofficial title won by a batter who leads the league in hitting average, runs batted in, and home runs';

Merge "serious-minded" and "sensible"

Highly similar definitions:

serious-minded, thoughtful ewn-02127251-s

acting with or showing thought and good sense

sensible, reasonable ewn-01950023-a

showing reason or sound judgment

Merge "figure out" and "get"

Highly similar definitions:

puzzle out, figure out, solve, work, lick, work out ewn-00636568-v

find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of

get, catch ewn-00591299-v

grasp with the mind or develop an understanding of

morning_call

The definition of morning_call goes like this:

a telephone call that you request be made a specific time in order to wake you up at that time (especially in hotels); "she left a wake-up call for 7 a.m."

I think this is a very strange sentence that doesn't make sense for me.
I found this several months ago, but unfortunately I still can't find a way to understand nor fix this.
Or am I missing some phrase or structure?

I really wish I could get the advice from native speakers.

Merge "mulct" and "fine"

Highly similar definitions:

mulct ewn-02312392-v

impose a fine on

ticket, fine ewn-02504365-v

issue a ticket or a fine to as a penalty

"convert" meaning in a sporting sense

There are three senses for "convert" meaning to score a shot in a sporting game

convert ewn-01087135-v

complete successfully; "score a penalty shot or free throw"

convert ewn-01087277-v

core an extra point or points after touchdown by kicking the ball through the uprights or advancing the ball into the end zone; "Smith converted and his team won"

convert ewn-01086999-v

score (a spare)

Perhaps these could be merged into a single more general sense?

Merge "de-access" and "sell off"

Highly similar definitions:

de-access ewn-02252557-v

dispose of by selling

sell off ewn-02249030-v

get rid of by selling, usually at reduced prices

"cumulous" lists a minor and possibly unattested sense

The only sense of "cumulous" is ewn-00541427-s "thrown together in a pile". Web corpus search quickly reveals that the most frequent sense is referring to the shape of clouds and there is no obvious corpus attestation for this sense.

Merge "gutless" senses

Gutless has to senses with very little difference in meaning, could these be merged?

gutless ewn-00267851-a

lacking courage or vitality

wishy-washy, spineless, gutless, namby-pamby ewn-02333585-s

weak in willpower, courage or vitality

"William A. Craigie" problem

This is the synset that include serious problem. I wish I could have your advice.

"English lexicographer who was a joint editor of the Oxford English Dictionary (1872-1966)"

The problem could be summerized in 2 points.

1.) He is a Scottish lexicographer not English.
2.) Birth date and death date are different from what enwiki says.(13 August 1867 – 2 September 1957)

And I found out that "C.T. Onions" meets these conditions.
1.) "C.T. Onions" is an English.
2.) Birth date and death date roughly matches. (10 September 1873 – 8 January 1965)

I am very troubled in fixing this synset.
I wish I could have a good idea.

http://wordnet-rdf.princeton.edu/lemma/Sir%20William%20Alexander%20Craigie
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Craigie
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Talbut_Onions

Highly similar adjectives and their satellites

There are some adjectives where a satellite adjective is marked as being similar to a standard adjective however the definitions are nearly indistinguishable. These should probably be merged into a single adjective synset

The synset:

<Synset id="ewn-00799892-s" ili="i4384" partOfSpeech="s" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>characteristic of acting or a stage performance; often affected</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-00799602-a"/>
  <Example>&quot;histrionic gestures&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;an attitude of melodramatic despair&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;a theatrical pose&quot;</Example>
</Synset>

Should be merged with:

<Synset id="ewn-00799602-a" ili="i4383" partOfSpeech="a" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>suited to or characteristic of the stage or theater</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-00799892-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-00800146-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-00800270-s"/>
  <Example>&quot;a theatrical pose&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;one of the most theatrical figures in public life&quot;</Example>
</Synset>

The synset:

<Synset id="ewn-01905041-s" ili="i10411" partOfSpeech="s" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>careful in regard to your own interests</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01904196-a"/>
  <Example>&quot;the prudent use and development of resources&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;wild squirrels are provident&quot;</Example>
</Synset>

Should be merged with:

<Synset id="ewn-01904196-a" ili="i10408" partOfSpeech="a" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>careful and sensible; marked by sound judgment</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="also" target="ewn-00309819-a"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="also" target="ewn-01900825-a"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="also" target="ewn-02003477-a"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="also" target="ewn-02579686-a"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01904557-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01904789-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01905041-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01905234-s"/>
  <Example>&quot;a prudent manager&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;prudent rulers&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;prudent hesitation&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;more prudent to hide than to fight&quot;</Example>
</Synset>

The synset:

<Synset id="ewn-01089902-s" ili="i5965" partOfSpeech="s" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>crammed with food</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01086845-a"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="exemplifies" target="ewn-07089193-n"/>
  <Example>&quot;a full stomach&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;I feel stuffed&quot;</Example>
</Synset>

Should be merged with:

<Synset id="ewn-01086845-a" ili="i5947" partOfSpeech="a" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>containing as much or as many as is possible or normal</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="attribute" target="ewn-14475377-n"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01087442-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01087711-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01087779-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01087985-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01088174-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01088263-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01088332-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01088588-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01088785-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01088855-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01088956-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01089130-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01089350-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01089537-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01089626-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01089731-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01089807-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01089902-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01090028-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01090142-s"/>
  <Example>&quot;a full glass&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;a sky full of stars&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;a full life&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;the auditorium was full to overflowing&quot;</Example>
</Synset>

The synset:

<Synset id="ewn-01078146-s" ili="i5895" partOfSpeech="s" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>containing salt</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01077510-a"/>
  <Example>&quot;a saline substance &quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;salty tears&quot;</Example>
</Synset>

Should be merged with:

<Synset id="ewn-01077510-a" ili="i5892" partOfSpeech="a" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>containing or filled with salt</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="also" target="ewn-02403682-a"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01077750-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01078023-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01078146-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01078270-s"/>
  <Example>&quot;salt water&quot;</Example>
</Synset>

The synset:

<Synset id="ewn-00302292-s" ili="i1671" partOfSpeech="s" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>may be computed or estimated</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-00302053-a"/>
  <Example>&quot;a calculable risk&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;computable odds&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;estimable assets&quot;</Example>
</Synset>

Should be merged with:

<Synset id="ewn-00302053-a" ili="i1670" partOfSpeech="a" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>able to be calculated or estimated</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="also" target="ewn-00742137-a"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-00302292-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-00302449-s"/>
  <Example>&quot;a calculable risk&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;calculable odds&quot;</Example>
</Synset>

The synset:

<Synset id="ewn-00566245-s" ili="i3147" partOfSpeech="s" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>connecting or tending to connect</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-00565913-a"/>
  <Example>&quot;connective remarks between chapters&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;connective tissue in animals&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;conjunctive tissue in plants&quot;</Example>
</Synset>

Should be merged with:

<Synset id="ewn-00565913-a" ili="i3145" partOfSpeech="a" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>serving or tending to connect</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-00566054-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-00566245-s"/>
</Synset>

The synset:

<Synset id="ewn-01965069-s" ili="i10722" partOfSpeech="s" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>holding appropriate documentation and officially on record as qualified to perform a specified function or practice a specified skill</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01964837-a"/>
  <Example>&quot;a registered pharmacist&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;a registered hospital&quot;</Example>
</Synset>

Should be merged with:

<Synset id="ewn-01964837-a" ili="i10721" partOfSpeech="a" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>listed or recorded officially</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01965069-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01965322-s"/>
  <Example>&quot;record is made of `registered mail&apos; at each point on its route to assure safe delivery&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;registered bonds&quot;</Example>
</Synset>

The synset:

<Synset id="ewn-00355287-s" ili="i1965" partOfSpeech="s" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>altered or revised by rephrasing or by adding or deleting material</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-00355201-a"/>
  <Example>&quot;the amended bill passed easily&quot;</Example>
</Synset>

Should be merged with:

<Synset id="ewn-00355201-a" ili="i1964" partOfSpeech="a" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>of legislation</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-00355287-s"/>
</Synset>

The synset:

<Synset id="ewn-00835235-s" ili="i4571" partOfSpeech="s" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>lacking in schooling</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-00834256-a"/>
  <Example>&quot;untaught people whose verbal skills are grossly deficient&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;an untutored genius&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;uneducated children&quot;</Example>
</Synset>

Should be merged with:

<Synset id="ewn-00834256-a" ili="i4567" partOfSpeech="a" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>not having a good education</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="also" target="ewn-01424552-a"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="also" target="ewn-00835739-a"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="also" target="ewn-00413644-a"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="also" target="ewn-00887528-a"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="also" target="ewn-01311380-a"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-00834520-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-00834764-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-00835142-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-00835235-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-00835442-s"/>
</Synset>

The synset:

<Synset id="ewn-01950363-s" ili="i10640" partOfSpeech="s" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>exhibiting native good judgment</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01950023-a"/>
  <Example>&quot;arrive home at a reasonable hour&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;commonsense scholarship on the foibles of a genius&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;unlearned and commonsensical countryfolk were capable of solving problems that beset the more sophisticated&quot;</Example>
</Synset>

Should be merged with:

<Synset id="ewn-01950023-a" ili="i10639" partOfSpeech="a" dc:subject="adj.all">
  <Definition>showing reason or sound judgment</Definition>
  <SynsetRelation relType="also" target="ewn-00959321-a"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="also" target="ewn-01432984-a"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="also" target="ewn-01931771-a"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="also" target="ewn-02508521-a"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="attribute" target="ewn-05167957-n"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01950363-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01950705-s"/>
  <SynsetRelation relType="similar" target="ewn-01951109-s"/>
  <Example>&quot;a sensible choice&quot;</Example>
  <Example>&quot;a sensible person&quot;</Example>
</Synset>

Merge "pop out" and "pop up"

Highly similar definitions:

burst out, pop out ewn-00427109-v

appear suddenly

crop up, pop, pop up ewn-02161949-v

appear suddenly or unexpectedly

Merge "fractional" and "partial"

Highly similar definitions:

fractional ewn-00518464-a

constituting or comprising a part or fraction of a possible whole or entirety

partial ewn-00526870-s

being or affecting only a part; not total

Merge "work-shy" and "shiftless"

Highly similar definitions:

work-shy, faineant, slothful, indolent, otiose, lazy ewn-00295445-s

disinclined to work or exertion

shiftless ewn-00105996-s

lacking or characterized by lack of ambition or initiative; lazy

Merge "abloom" and "flowering"

Highly similar definitions:

abloom, efflorescent ewn-01492219-s

bursting into flower

flowering ewn-02608165-a

having a flower or bloom

Merge "crap up" with "clog up"

The definition of "crap up" does not clearly differentiate it from its hypernym

crap up ewn-01481639-v

become obstructed or chocked up;

congest, foul, choke off, choke, clog, clog up, back up ewn-01481233-v

become or cause to become obstructed;

tracing back to PWN distribution

I believe it would be nice to have the database files and the lexicographer files from the PWN distributions 3.0 and 3.1 here. The src directory is actually produced from these files, right? People would have more confidence in this repo if they can reproduce the data from PWN sources.

ground: merge

These are the same thing:

01406356-v 'hit onto the ground'
and
01406512-v 'hit a groundball'

suddenly - 3 senses ?

00171135-r on_the_spur_of_the_moment, suddenly
(on impulse; without premeditation; "he decided to go to Chicago on the spur of the moment"; "he made up his mind suddenly")

00061677-r of_a_sudden, all_of_a_sudden, suddenly
(happening unexpectedly; "suddenly she felt a sharp pain in her side")

00061528-r short, suddenly, dead, abruptly
(quickly and without warning; "he stopped suddenly")

Merge "vacuous" and "vacant"

Highly similar definitions:

mindless, vacuous ewn-02581841-s

devoid of intelligence or thought

vacant ewn-01091853-s

void of intelligence or thought

Merge "licensed" and "authorized"

Highly similar definitions:

commissioned, licensed, licenced, accredited ewn-00180111-s

given official approval to act

authorized, authorised, authoritative ewn-01636851-s

sanctioned by established authority

political positions

http://wnpt.brlcloud.com/wn/synset?id=00585810-n

  1. This synset for minister has as ancestor the synsets http://wnpt.brlcloud.com/wn/synset?id=00023100-n and http://wnpt.brlcloud.com/wn/synset?id=00002137-n.

  2. We also have http://wnpt.brlcloud.com/wn/synset?id=10320863-n , maybe duplicated?

  3. On the other hand, http://wnpt.brlcloud.com/wn/synset?id=10140314-n (governor), http://wnpt.brlcloud.com/wn/synset?id=10303814-n (mayor) are both under http://wnpt.brlcloud.com/wn/synset?id=00007846-n (individual) and http://wnpt.brlcloud.com/wn/synset?id=00001930-n (physical_entity).

Does it make sense? Can we uniform that? Does anyone have already worked on that domain? If so, references?

Kind of related to it? Recent discussion in the mailing list by Christiane Fellbaum:

Roles: I have discussed extensively with professional philosophers who warned me that they thought covering Roles exhaustively would be an impossible task. It's easy enough for profession nouns (student, teacher) or relations (parents, niece) and some hand-picked cases like "pet," but difficult in many other cases. One could use a stiletto heel or a nail clipper as weapon, for example, though that is not as common as a knife-as-a-weapon. So we've stayed away from it for now. But maybe we can discuss some time in the future.

Split synset 05881364-n

The synset (05881364-n) contains some inconceived terms:

ABCs, first principles, ABC's, alphabet, rudiments, ABC

Propose splitting it into two synsets

"de-ionate" is not a real English word

de-ionate ewn-00521840-v, "remove ions from" does not seem to be a real scientific term. It has zero hits in Wikipedia and a large Web corpus and searching in Google returns only WordNet and derivative resources.

Merge senses of doubt

Highly similar definitions:

doubt ewn-00689424-v

lack confidence in or have doubts about

doubt ewn-00689196-v

consider unlikely or have doubts about

Merge "phenomenal" and "fantastic"

Highly similar definitions:

phenomenal ewn-01681586-s

exceedingly or unbelievably great

marvelous, grand, marvellous, terrific, tremendous, fantastic, wonderful, rattling, howling, wondrous ewn-01681111-s

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

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