#Part 1, Creating a window The first thing we need is a NSAutoreleasePool, objects declared within it's scope will be automatically released when the pool is "drained".
NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
Next, we create a shared app instance. This will initialize the global variable NSApp with the application instance.
[NSApplication sharedApplication];
Then we create the actual NSWindow object.
NSUInteger windowStyle = NSTitledWindowMask | NSClosableWindowMask | NSResizableWindowMask;
NSRect windowRect = NSMakeRect(100, 100, 400, 400); // x, y, w, h
NSWindow * window = [[NSWindow alloc] initWithContentRect:windowRect
styleMask:windowStyle
backing:NSBackingStoreBuffered
defer:NO];
[window autorelease];
After the window was created a window controller needs to be created as well
NSWindowController * windowController = [[NSWindowController alloc] initWithWindow:window];
[windowController autorelease];
Finally we show the window and run the event loop, the pool declared above must be drained at this point
[window orderFrontRegardless];
[NSApp run];
[pool drain]
###Sample Code (Objective c)
#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
// Autorelease Pool:
// Objects declared in this scope will be automatically
// released at the end of it, when the pool is "drained".
NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
// Create a shared app instance.
// This will initialize the global variable
// 'NSApp' with the application instance.
[NSApplication sharedApplication];
// Create a window:
// Style flags
NSUInteger windowStyle = NSTitledWindowMask | NSClosableWindowMask | NSResizableWindowMask;
// Window bounds (x, y, width, height)
NSRect windowRect = NSMakeRect(100, 100, 400, 400);
NSWindow * window = [[NSWindow alloc] initWithContentRect:windowRect
styleMask:windowStyle
backing:NSBackingStoreBuffered
defer:NO];
[window autorelease];
// Window controller
NSWindowController * windowController = [[NSWindowController alloc] initWithWindow:window];
[windowController autorelease];
// TODO: Create app delegate to handle system events.
// TODO: Create menus (especially Quit!)
// Show window and run event loop
[window orderFrontRegardless];
[NSApp run];
[pool drain];
return (0);
}
Compile with
gcc Cocoa.m -o OSXWindow -framework Cocoa
#Part 2, Adding a menu Since Snow Leopard, programs without application bundles and Info.plist files don't get a menubar and can't be brought to the front unless the presentation option is changed
[NSApp setActivationPolicy:NSApplicationActivationPolicyRegular];
Next, we need to create the menu bar. You don't need to give the first item in the menubar a name (it will get the application's name automatically)
id menubar = [[NSMenu new] autorelease];
id appMenuItem = [[NSMenuItem new] autorelease];
[menubar addItem:appMenuItem];
[NSApp setMainMenu:menubar];
Then we add the quit item to the menu. Fortunately the action is simple since terminate: is already implemented in NSApplication and the NSApplication is always in the responder chain.
id appMenu = [[NSMenu new] autorelease];
id appName = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] processName];
id quitTitle = [@"Quit " stringByAppendingString:appName];
id quitMenuItem = [[[NSMenuItem alloc] initWithTitle:quitTitle
action:@selector(terminate:) keyEquivalent:@"q"] autorelease];
[appMenu addItem:quitMenuItem];
[appMenuItem setSubmenu:appMenu];
###Sample Code
// gcc Cocoa.m -o OSXWindow -framework Cocoa
#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
// Autorelease Pool:
// Objects declared in this scope will be automatically
// released at the end of it, when the pool is "drained".
NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
// Create a shared app instance.
// This will initialize the global variable
// 'NSApp' with the application instance.
[NSApplication sharedApplication];
// Create a window:
// Style flags
NSUInteger windowStyle = NSTitledWindowMask | NSClosableWindowMask | NSResizableWindowMask;
// Window bounds (x, y, width, height)
NSRect windowRect = NSMakeRect(100, 100, 400, 400);
NSWindow * window = [[NSWindow alloc] initWithContentRect:windowRect
styleMask:windowStyle
backing:NSBackingStoreBuffered
defer:NO];
[window autorelease];
// Window controller
NSWindowController * windowController = [[NSWindowController alloc] initWithWindow:window];
[windowController autorelease];
// Since Snow Leopard, programs without application bundles and Info.plist files don't get a menubar
// and can't be brought to the front unless the presentation option is changed
[NSApp setActivationPolicy:NSApplicationActivationPolicyRegular];
// Next, we need to create the menu bar. You don't need to give the first item in the menubar a name
// (it will get the application's name automatically)
id menubar = [[NSMenu new] autorelease];
id appMenuItem = [[NSMenuItem new] autorelease];
[menubar addItem:appMenuItem];
[NSApp setMainMenu:menubar];
// Then we add the quit item to the menu. Fortunately the action is simple since terminate: is
// already implemented in NSApplication and the NSApplication is always in the responder chain.
id appMenu = [[NSMenu new] autorelease];
id appName = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] processName];
id quitTitle = [@"Quit " stringByAppendingString:appName];
id quitMenuItem = [[[NSMenuItem alloc] initWithTitle:quitTitle
action:@selector(terminate:) keyEquivalent:@"q"] autorelease];
[appMenu addItem:quitMenuItem];
[appMenuItem setSubmenu:appMenu];
// TODO: Create app delegate to handle system events.
// Set app title
[window setTitle:appName];
// Show window and run event loop
[window orderFrontRegardless];
[NSApp run];
[pool drain];
return (0);
}
#Part 3, Events Unlike in X11 or Win32 Cocoa does not give us explicit control over the event loop. Instead we must create a delegate, and respond to certain events. Lets define a View class, this will be both our event delegate and render area.
@class View;
@interface View : NSView <NSWindowDelegate> {
@public
bool running;
}
@end
Now lets start the implementation with the "standard" initWithFrame function.
- (id) initWithFrame: (NSRect) frame {
self = [super initWithFrame:frame];
running = true;
// TODO: Init OpenGL
NSLog(@"initialize");
return self;
}
In order to respond to mouse and keyboard events we must be the first responder
- (BOOL)acceptsFirstResponder {
return YES;
}
We will respond to the following mouse events mouseMoved, mouseDragged, scrollWheel, mouseDown, mouseUp, rightMouseDown, rightMouseUp, otherMouseDown, otherMouseUp, mouseEntered and mouseExited.
- (void)mouseMoved:(NSEvent*) event {
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Mouse pos: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
}
- (void) mouseDragged: (NSEvent*) event {
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Mouse pos: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
}
- (void)scrollWheel: (NSEvent*) event {
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Mouse wheel at: %lf, %lf. Delta: %lf", point.x, point.y, [event deltaY] * 10.0);
}
- (void) mouseDown: (NSEvent*) event {
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Left mouse down: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
}
- (void) mouseUp: (NSEvent*) event {
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Left mouse up: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
}
- (void) rightMouseDown: (NSEvent*) event {
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Right mouse down: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
}
- (void) rightMouseUp: (NSEvent*) event {
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Right mouse up: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
}
- (void)otherMouseDown: (NSEvent*) event {
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Middle mouse down: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
}
- (void)otherMouseUp: (NSEvent*) event {
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Middle mouse up: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
}
- (void) mouseEntered: (NSEvent*)event {
NSLog(@"Mouse entered");
}
- (void) mouseExited: (NSEvent*)event {
NSLog(@"Mouse left");
}
We will process keyboard events with keyDown and keyUp
- (void) keyDown: (NSEvent*) event {
if ([event isARepeat] == NO) {
NSLog(@"Key down: %d", [event keyCode]);
}
}
- (void) keyUp: (NSEvent*) event {
NSLog(@"Key up: %d", [event keyCode]);
}
Lets also respond to the window being resized
// Resize
- (void)windowDidResize:(NSNotification*)notification {
NSSize size = [ [ _window contentView ] frame ].size;
NSLog(@"Window resize: %lf, %lf", size.width, size.height);
}
We will handle cleanup in the windowWillClose function, we also force the app to terminate. This will cause the app to close when teh red X is pressed. Also, implement a stock dealloc function
-(void)windowWillClose:(NSNotification *)notification {
if (running) {
running = false;
NSLog(@"Cleanup");
}
[NSApp terminate:self];
}
- (void) dealloc {
[super dealloc];
}
Inside the main function, we create a View, and set it's delegate
View* view = [[[View alloc] initWithFrame:windowRect] autorelease];
[window setAcceptsMouseMovedEvents:YES];
[window setContentView:view];
[window setDelegate:view];
// gcc Cocoa.m -o OSXWindow -framework Cocoa
#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
@class View;
@interface View : NSView <NSWindowDelegate> {
@public
bool running;
}
@end
@implementation View
// Initialize
- (id) initWithFrame: (NSRect) frame {
self = [super initWithFrame:frame];
running = true;
// TODO: Init OpenGL
NSLog(@"initialize");
return self;
}
// Tell the window to accept input events
- (BOOL)acceptsFirstResponder {
return YES;
}
- (void)mouseMoved:(NSEvent*) event {
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Mouse pos: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
}
- (void) mouseDragged: (NSEvent*) event {
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Mouse pos: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
}
- (void)scrollWheel: (NSEvent*) event {
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Mouse wheel at: %lf, %lf. Delta: %lf", point.x, point.y, [event deltaY] * 10.0);
}
- (void) mouseDown: (NSEvent*) event {
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Left mouse down: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
}
- (void) mouseUp: (NSEvent*) event {
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Left mouse up: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
}
- (void) rightMouseDown: (NSEvent*) event {
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Right mouse down: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
}
- (void) rightMouseUp: (NSEvent*) event {
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Right mouse up: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
}
- (void)otherMouseDown: (NSEvent*) event {
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Middle mouse down: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
}
- (void)otherMouseUp: (NSEvent*) event {
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Middle mouse up: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
}
- (void) mouseEntered: (NSEvent*)event {
NSLog(@"Mouse entered");
}
- (void) mouseExited: (NSEvent*)event {
NSLog(@"Mouse left");
}
- (void) keyDown: (NSEvent*) event {
if ([event isARepeat] == NO) {
NSLog(@"Key down: %d", [event keyCode]);
}
}
- (void) keyUp: (NSEvent*) event {
NSLog(@"Key up: %d", [event keyCode]);
}
// Resize
- (void)windowDidResize:(NSNotification*)notification {
NSSize size = [ [ _window contentView ] frame ].size;
NSLog(@"Window resize: %lf, %lf", size.width, size.height);
}
// Terminate window when the red X is pressed
-(void)windowWillClose:(NSNotification *)notification {
if (running) {
running = false;
NSLog(@"Cleanup");
}
[NSApp terminate:self];
}
// Cleanup
- (void) dealloc {
[super dealloc];
}
@end
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
// Autorelease Pool:
// Objects declared in this scope will be automatically
// released at the end of it, when the pool is "drained".
NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
// Create a shared app instance.
// This will initialize the global variable
// 'NSApp' with the application instance.
[NSApplication sharedApplication];
// Create a window:
// Style flags
NSUInteger windowStyle = NSTitledWindowMask | NSClosableWindowMask | NSResizableWindowMask | NSMiniaturizableWindowMask;
// Window bounds (x, y, width, height)
NSRect screenRect = [[NSScreen mainScreen] frame];
NSRect viewRect = NSMakeRect(0, 0, 800, 600);
NSRect windowRect = NSMakeRect(NSMidX(screenRect) - NSMidX(viewRect),
NSMidY(screenRect) - NSMidY(viewRect),
viewRect.size.width,
viewRect.size.height);
NSWindow * window = [[NSWindow alloc] initWithContentRect:windowRect
styleMask:windowStyle
backing:NSBackingStoreBuffered
defer:NO];
[window autorelease];
// Window controller
NSWindowController * windowController = [[NSWindowController alloc] initWithWindow:window];
[windowController autorelease];
// Since Snow Leopard, programs without application bundles and Info.plist files don't get a menubar
// and can't be brought to the front unless the presentation option is changed
[NSApp setActivationPolicy:NSApplicationActivationPolicyRegular];
// Next, we need to create the menu bar. You don't need to give the first item in the menubar a name
// (it will get the application's name automatically)
id menubar = [[NSMenu new] autorelease];
id appMenuItem = [[NSMenuItem new] autorelease];
[menubar addItem:appMenuItem];
[NSApp setMainMenu:menubar];
// Then we add the quit item to the menu. Fortunately the action is simple since terminate: is
// already implemented in NSApplication and the NSApplication is always in the responder chain.
id appMenu = [[NSMenu new] autorelease];
id appName = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] processName];
id quitTitle = [@"Quit " stringByAppendingString:appName];
id quitMenuItem = [[[NSMenuItem alloc] initWithTitle:quitTitle
action:@selector(terminate:) keyEquivalent:@"q"] autorelease];
[appMenu addItem:quitMenuItem];
[appMenuItem setSubmenu:appMenu];
// Create app delegate to handle system events
View* view = [[[View alloc] initWithFrame:windowRect] autorelease];
[window setAcceptsMouseMovedEvents:YES];
[window setContentView:view];
[window setDelegate:view];
// Set app title
[window setTitle:appName];
// Add fullscreen button
[window setCollectionBehavior: NSWindowCollectionBehaviorFullScreenPrimary];
// Show window and run event loop
[window orderFrontRegardless];
[NSApp run];
[pool drain];
return (0);
}
#Part 3, Update We're going to use the quartz display link to update. First, the CVDisplayLink header needs to be included
#import <QuartzCore/CVDisplayLink.h>
Next, forward declare the function that will re-schedule update
static CVReturn GlobalDisplayLinkCallback(CVDisplayLinkRef, const CVTimeStamp*, const CVTimeStamp*, CVOptionFlags, CVOptionFlags*, void*);
Inside our view class, include a CVDisplayLinkRef variable.
@interface View : NSView <NSWindowDelegate> {
@public
CVDisplayLinkRef displayLink;
bool running;
}
@end
Set the link up in init display
CVDisplayLinkCreateWithActiveCGDisplays(&displayLink);
CVDisplayLinkSetOutputCallback(displayLink, &GlobalDisplayLinkCallback, self);
CVDisplayLinkStart(displayLink);
Then we implement the getFrameForTime function
- (CVReturn) getFrameForTime:(const CVTimeStamp*)outputTime {
NSLog(@"Update");
if (false) { // Update loop returns false
[NSApp terminate:self];
}
return kCVReturnSuccess;
}
Inside the windowWillClose function, the display link needs to be killed
CVDisplayLinkStop(displayLink);
CVDisplayLinkRelease(displayLink);
Finally the actual GlobalDisplayLinkCallback function that was declared earlyer
static CVReturn GlobalDisplayLinkCallback(CVDisplayLinkRef displayLink, const CVTimeStamp* now, const CVTimeStamp* outputTime, CVOptionFlags flagsIn, CVOptionFlags* flagsOut, void* displayLinkContext) {
CVReturn result = [(View*)displayLinkContext getFrameForTime:outputTime];
return result;
}
// gcc Cocoa.m -o OSXWindow -framework Cocoa -framework Quartz
#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
#import <QuartzCore/CVDisplayLink.h>
@class View;
static CVReturn GlobalDisplayLinkCallback(CVDisplayLinkRef, const CVTimeStamp*, const CVTimeStamp*, CVOptionFlags, CVOptionFlags*, void*);
@interface View : NSView <NSWindowDelegate> {
@public
CVDisplayLinkRef displayLink;
bool running;
}
@end
@implementation View
// Initialize
- (id) initWithFrame: (NSRect) frame {
self = [super initWithFrame:frame];
running = true;
// TODO: Init OpenGL
NSLog(@"initialize");
CVDisplayLinkCreateWithActiveCGDisplays(&displayLink);
CVDisplayLinkSetOutputCallback(displayLink, &GlobalDisplayLinkCallback, self);
CVDisplayLinkStart(displayLink);
return self;
}
// Update
- (CVReturn) getFrameForTime:(const CVTimeStamp*)outputTime {
NSLog(@"Update");
if (false) { // Update loop returns false
[NSApp terminate:self];
}
return kCVReturnSuccess;
}
// Terminate window when the red X is pressed
-(void)windowWillClose:(NSNotification *)notification {
if (running) {
running = false;
CVDisplayLinkStop(displayLink);
CVDisplayLinkRelease(displayLink);
NSLog(@"Cleanup");
}
[NSApp terminate:self];
}
// Cleanup
- (void) dealloc {
[super dealloc];
}
@end
static CVReturn GlobalDisplayLinkCallback(CVDisplayLinkRef displayLink, const CVTimeStamp* now, const CVTimeStamp* outputTime, CVOptionFlags flagsIn, CVOptionFlags* flagsOut, void* displayLinkContext) {
CVReturn result = [(View*)displayLinkContext getFrameForTime:outputTime];
return result;
}
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
// Autorelease Pool:
// Objects declared in this scope will be automatically
// released at the end of it, when the pool is "drained".
NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
// Create a shared app instance.
// This will initialize the global variable
// 'NSApp' with the application instance.
[NSApplication sharedApplication];
// Create a window:
// Style flags
NSUInteger windowStyle = NSTitledWindowMask | NSClosableWindowMask | NSResizableWindowMask | NSMiniaturizableWindowMask;
// Window bounds (x, y, width, height)
NSRect screenRect = [[NSScreen mainScreen] frame];
NSRect viewRect = NSMakeRect(0, 0, 800, 600);
NSRect windowRect = NSMakeRect(NSMidX(screenRect) - NSMidX(viewRect),
NSMidY(screenRect) - NSMidY(viewRect),
viewRect.size.width,
viewRect.size.height);
NSWindow * window = [[NSWindow alloc] initWithContentRect:windowRect
styleMask:windowStyle
backing:NSBackingStoreBuffered
defer:NO];
[window autorelease];
// Window controller
NSWindowController * windowController = [[NSWindowController alloc] initWithWindow:window];
[windowController autorelease];
// Since Snow Leopard, programs without application bundles and Info.plist files don't get a menubar
// and can't be brought to the front unless the presentation option is changed
[NSApp setActivationPolicy:NSApplicationActivationPolicyRegular];
// Next, we need to create the menu bar. You don't need to give the first item in the menubar a name
// (it will get the application's name automatically)
id menubar = [[NSMenu new] autorelease];
id appMenuItem = [[NSMenuItem new] autorelease];
[menubar addItem:appMenuItem];
[NSApp setMainMenu:menubar];
// Then we add the quit item to the menu. Fortunately the action is simple since terminate: is
// already implemented in NSApplication and the NSApplication is always in the responder chain.
id appMenu = [[NSMenu new] autorelease];
id appName = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] processName];
id quitTitle = [@"Quit " stringByAppendingString:appName];
id quitMenuItem = [[[NSMenuItem alloc] initWithTitle:quitTitle
action:@selector(terminate:) keyEquivalent:@"q"] autorelease];
[appMenu addItem:quitMenuItem];
[appMenuItem setSubmenu:appMenu];
// Create app delegate to handle system events
View* view = [[[View alloc] initWithFrame:windowRect] autorelease];
[window setAcceptsMouseMovedEvents:YES];
[window setContentView:view];
[window setDelegate:view];
// Set app title
[window setTitle:appName];
// Add fullscreen button
[window setCollectionBehavior: NSWindowCollectionBehaviorFullScreenPrimary];
// Show window and run event loop
[window orderFrontRegardless];
[NSApp run];
[pool drain];
return (0);
}
#Part 4, Getting an OpenGL Context First lets include two additional headers for OpenGL
#import <OpenGL/OpenGL.h>
#include <OpenGL/gl.h>
Next, change the View class to extend NSOpenGLView instead of NSView. We will also add two variables to the class, one that is the current Window Rect, and a lock so we can update and draw safely.
@interface View : NSOpenGLView <NSWindowDelegate> {
@public
CVDisplayLinkRef displayLink;
bool running;
NSRect windowRect;
NSRecursiveLock* appLock;
}
@end
Insize initWithFrame we will try to make a new pixel format. This format is needed to create the new OpenGL window as super:initWithFrame will now take a pixel format. We also remove the code to create the CVDisplayLink
// No multisampling
int samples = 0;
// Keep multisampling attributes at the start of the attribute lists since code below assumes they are array elements 0 through 4.
NSOpenGLPixelFormatAttribute windowedAttrs[] =
{
NSOpenGLPFAMultisample,
NSOpenGLPFASampleBuffers, samples ? 1 : 0,
NSOpenGLPFASamples, samples,
NSOpenGLPFAAccelerated,
NSOpenGLPFADoubleBuffer,
NSOpenGLPFAColorSize, 32,
NSOpenGLPFADepthSize, 24,
NSOpenGLPFAAlphaSize, 8,
NSOpenGLPFAOpenGLProfile, NSOpenGLProfileVersionLegacy,
0
};
// Try to choose a supported pixel format
NSOpenGLPixelFormat* pf = [[NSOpenGLPixelFormat alloc] initWithAttributes:windowedAttrs];
if (!pf) {
NSLog(@"OpenGL pixel format not supported.");
return nil;
}
self = [super initWithFrame:frame pixelFormat:[pf autorelease]];
Finally, we initialize the lock
appLock = [[NSRecursiveLock alloc] init];
Next we must implement the prepareOpenGL method inherited from NSOpenGLView. First, call the same method of the base class, then we will set the OpenGL context of the view as the current context and turn on VSynch. We also move the code to create a display link into this section of the application, the display link will be synched to our OpenGL refresh rate. Finally, we start the display link.
- (void) prepareOpenGL {
[super prepareOpenGL];
// Make all the OpenGL calls to setup rendering and build the necessary rendering objects
[[self openGLContext] makeCurrentContext];
// Synchronize buffer swaps with vertical refresh rate
GLint swapInt = 1; // Vsynch on!
[[self openGLContext] setValues:&swapInt forParameter:NSOpenGLCPSwapInterval];
// Create a display link capable of being used with all active displays
CVDisplayLinkCreateWithActiveCGDisplays(&displayLink);
// Set the renderer output callback function
CVDisplayLinkSetOutputCallback(displayLink, &GlobalDisplayLinkCallback, self);
CGLContextObj cglContext = (CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj];
CGLPixelFormatObj cglPixelFormat = (CGLPixelFormatObj)[[self pixelFormat] CGLPixelFormatObj];
CVDisplayLinkSetCurrentCGDisplayFromOpenGLContext(displayLink, cglContext, cglPixelFormat);
GLint dim[2] = {windowRect.size.width, windowRect.size.height};
CGLSetParameter(cglContext, kCGLCPSurfaceBackingSize, dim);
CGLEnable(cglContext, kCGLCESurfaceBackingSize);
[appLock lock];
CGLLockContext((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
NSLog(@"Initialize");
NSLog(@"GL version: %s", glGetString(GL_VERSION));
NSLog(@"GLSL version: %s", glGetString(GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION));
glClearColor(0.5f, 0.6f, 0.7f, 1.0f);
glViewport(0, 0, windowRect.size.width, windowRect.size.height);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
CGLUnlockContext((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
[appLock unlock];
// Activate the display link
CVDisplayLinkStart(displayLink);
}
Every method we implemented will need to lock and unlock appLock like the above code sample does. The getFrameForTime method will simply clear the frame color for now. Once the update is finished we present the context
// Update
- (CVReturn) getFrameForTime:(const CVTimeStamp*)outputTime {
[appLock lock];
[[self openGLContext] makeCurrentContext];
CGLLockContext((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
NSLog(@"Update");
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
NSLog(@"Render");
CGLFlushDrawable((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
CGLUnlockContext((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
if (false) { // Update loop returns false
[NSApp terminate:self];
}
[appLock unlock];
return kCVReturnSuccess;
}
The windowDidResize function will now keep track of the window size, and set the glViewPort
- (void)windowDidResize:(NSNotification*)notification {
NSSize size = [ [ _window contentView ] frame ].size;
[appLock lock];
[[self openGLContext] makeCurrentContext];
CGLLockContext((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
NSLog(@"Window resize: %lf, %lf", size.width, size.height);
windowRect.size.width = size.width;
windowRect.size.height = size.height;
glViewport(0, 0, windowRect.size.width, windowRect.size.height);
CGLUnlockContext((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
[appLock unlock];
}
We introduce two more inherited methods, resumeDisplayRenderer and haltDisplayRenderer. Both of these methods are simply going to lock appLock, stop the CVDispayLink and unlock.
[appLock lock];
CVDisplayLinkStop(displayLink);
[appLock unlock];
The windowWillClose method must lock and unlock before stopping the display link as well
if (running) {
running = false;
[appLock lock];
NSLog(@"Cleanup");
CVDisplayLinkStop(displayLink);
CVDisplayLinkRelease(displayLink);
[appLock unlock];
}
And finally, we release the appLock inside of the dealloc function
- (void) dealloc {
[appLock release];
[super dealloc];
}
###Sample Code
// gcc Make.m -o MWindow -framework Cocoa -framework Quartz -framework OpenGL
#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
#import <QuartzCore/CVDisplayLink.h>
#import <OpenGL/OpenGL.h>
#include <OpenGL/gl.h>
@class View;
static CVReturn GlobalDisplayLinkCallback(CVDisplayLinkRef, const CVTimeStamp*, const CVTimeStamp*, CVOptionFlags, CVOptionFlags*, void*);
@interface View : NSOpenGLView <NSWindowDelegate> {
@public
CVDisplayLinkRef displayLink;
bool running;
NSRect windowRect;
NSRecursiveLock* appLock;
}
@end
@implementation View
// Initialize
- (id) initWithFrame: (NSRect) frame {
running = true;
// No multisampling
int samples = 0;
// Keep multisampling attributes at the start of the attribute lists since code below assumes they are array elements 0 through 4.
NSOpenGLPixelFormatAttribute windowedAttrs[] =
{
NSOpenGLPFAMultisample,
NSOpenGLPFASampleBuffers, samples ? 1 : 0,
NSOpenGLPFASamples, samples,
NSOpenGLPFAAccelerated,
NSOpenGLPFADoubleBuffer,
NSOpenGLPFAColorSize, 32,
NSOpenGLPFADepthSize, 24,
NSOpenGLPFAAlphaSize, 8,
NSOpenGLPFAOpenGLProfile, NSOpenGLProfileVersionLegacy,
0
};
// Try to choose a supported pixel format
NSOpenGLPixelFormat* pf = [[NSOpenGLPixelFormat alloc] initWithAttributes:windowedAttrs];
if (!pf) {
NSLog(@"OpenGL pixel format not supported.");
return nil;
}
self = [super initWithFrame:frame pixelFormat:[pf autorelease]];
appLock = [[NSRecursiveLock alloc] init];
return self;
}
- (void) prepareOpenGL {
[super prepareOpenGL];
// Make all the OpenGL calls to setup rendering and build the necessary rendering objects
[[self openGLContext] makeCurrentContext];
// Synchronize buffer swaps with vertical refresh rate
GLint swapInt = 1; // Vsynch on!
[[self openGLContext] setValues:&swapInt forParameter:NSOpenGLCPSwapInterval];
// Create a display link capable of being used with all active displays
CVDisplayLinkCreateWithActiveCGDisplays(&displayLink);
// Set the renderer output callback function
CVDisplayLinkSetOutputCallback(displayLink, &GlobalDisplayLinkCallback, self);
CGLContextObj cglContext = (CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj];
CGLPixelFormatObj cglPixelFormat = (CGLPixelFormatObj)[[self pixelFormat] CGLPixelFormatObj];
CVDisplayLinkSetCurrentCGDisplayFromOpenGLContext(displayLink, cglContext, cglPixelFormat);
GLint dim[2] = {windowRect.size.width, windowRect.size.height};
CGLSetParameter(cglContext, kCGLCPSurfaceBackingSize, dim);
CGLEnable(cglContext, kCGLCESurfaceBackingSize);
[appLock lock];
CGLLockContext((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
NSLog(@"Initialize");
NSLog(@"GL version: %s", glGetString(GL_VERSION));
NSLog(@"GLSL version: %s", glGetString(GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION));
glClearColor(0.5f, 0.6f, 0.7f, 1.0f);
glViewport(0, 0, windowRect.size.width, windowRect.size.height);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
CGLUnlockContext((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
[appLock unlock];
// Activate the display link
CVDisplayLinkStart(displayLink);
}
// Tell the window to accept input events
- (BOOL)acceptsFirstResponder {
return YES;
}
// Update
- (CVReturn) getFrameForTime:(const CVTimeStamp*)outputTime {
[appLock lock];
[[self openGLContext] makeCurrentContext];
CGLLockContext((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
NSLog(@"Update");
// Temp
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// EndTemp
NSLog(@"Render");
CGLFlushDrawable((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
CGLUnlockContext((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
if (false) { // Update loop returns false
[NSApp terminate:self];
}
[appLock unlock];
return kCVReturnSuccess;
}
// Resize
- (void)windowDidResize:(NSNotification*)notification {
NSSize size = [ [ _window contentView ] frame ].size;
[appLock lock];
[[self openGLContext] makeCurrentContext];
CGLLockContext((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
NSLog(@"Window resize: %lf, %lf", size.width, size.height);
// Temp
windowRect.size.width = size.width;
windowRect.size.height = size.height;
glViewport(0, 0, windowRect.size.width, windowRect.size.height);
// End temp
CGLUnlockContext((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
[appLock unlock];
}
- (void)resumeDisplayRenderer {
[appLock lock];
CVDisplayLinkStop(displayLink);
[appLock unlock];
}
- (void)haltDisplayRenderer {
[appLock lock];
CVDisplayLinkStop(displayLink);
[appLock unlock];
}
// Terminate window when the red X is pressed
-(void)windowWillClose:(NSNotification *)notification {
if (running) {
running = false;
[appLock lock];
NSLog(@"Cleanup");
CVDisplayLinkStop(displayLink);
CVDisplayLinkRelease(displayLink);
[appLock unlock];
}
[NSApp terminate:self];
}
// Cleanup
- (void) dealloc {
[appLock release];
[super dealloc];
}
@end
static CVReturn GlobalDisplayLinkCallback(CVDisplayLinkRef displayLink, const CVTimeStamp* now, const CVTimeStamp* outputTime, CVOptionFlags flagsIn, CVOptionFlags* flagsOut, void* displayLinkContext) {
CVReturn result = [(View*)displayLinkContext getFrameForTime:outputTime];
return result;
}
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
// Autorelease Pool:
// Objects declared in this scope will be automatically
// released at the end of it, when the pool is "drained".
NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
// Create a shared app instance.
// This will initialize the global variable
// 'NSApp' with the application instance.
[NSApplication sharedApplication];
// Create a window:
// Style flags
NSUInteger windowStyle = NSTitledWindowMask | NSClosableWindowMask | NSResizableWindowMask | NSMiniaturizableWindowMask;
// Window bounds (x, y, width, height)
NSRect screenRect = [[NSScreen mainScreen] frame];
NSRect viewRect = NSMakeRect(0, 0, 800, 600);
NSRect windowRect = NSMakeRect(NSMidX(screenRect) - NSMidX(viewRect),
NSMidY(screenRect) - NSMidY(viewRect),
viewRect.size.width,
viewRect.size.height);
NSWindow * window = [[NSWindow alloc] initWithContentRect:windowRect
styleMask:windowStyle
backing:NSBackingStoreBuffered
defer:NO];
[window autorelease];
// Window controller
NSWindowController * windowController = [[NSWindowController alloc] initWithWindow:window];
[windowController autorelease];
// Since Snow Leopard, programs without application bundles and Info.plist files don't get a menubar
// and can't be brought to the front unless the presentation option is changed
[NSApp setActivationPolicy:NSApplicationActivationPolicyRegular];
// Next, we need to create the menu bar. You don't need to give the first item in the menubar a name
// (it will get the application's name automatically)
id menubar = [[NSMenu new] autorelease];
id appMenuItem = [[NSMenuItem new] autorelease];
[menubar addItem:appMenuItem];
[NSApp setMainMenu:menubar];
// Then we add the quit item to the menu. Fortunately the action is simple since terminate: is
// already implemented in NSApplication and the NSApplication is always in the responder chain.
id appMenu = [[NSMenu new] autorelease];
id appName = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] processName];
id quitTitle = [@"Quit " stringByAppendingString:appName];
id quitMenuItem = [[[NSMenuItem alloc] initWithTitle:quitTitle
action:@selector(terminate:) keyEquivalent:@"q"] autorelease];
[appMenu addItem:quitMenuItem];
[appMenuItem setSubmenu:appMenu];
// Create app delegate to handle system events
View* view = [[[View alloc] initWithFrame:windowRect] autorelease];
view->windowRect = windowRect;
[window setAcceptsMouseMovedEvents:YES];
[window setContentView:view];
[window setDelegate:view];
// Set app title
[window setTitle:appName];
// Add fullscreen button
[window setCollectionBehavior: NSWindowCollectionBehaviorFullScreenPrimary];
// Show window and run event loop
[window orderFrontRegardless];
[NSApp run];
[pool drain];
return (0);
}
#Part 5, Modern OpenGL Context The above is great, but running it on mavericks it gives us an OpenGL 2.1 context with support for GLSL 1.2. While this is good for testing mobile device compatibality; we want to get a modern OpenGL Context (3.0 +). In order to do this, change the gl.h include to gl3.h
#include <OpenGL/gl3.h>
And in the NSOpenGLPixelFormatAttribute windowedAttrs variable change NSOpenGLPFAOpenGLProfile to NSOpenGLProfileVersion3_2Core.
NSOpenGLPixelFormatAttribute windowedAttrs[] = {
NSOpenGLPFAMultisample,
NSOpenGLPFASampleBuffers, samples ? 1 : 0,
NSOpenGLPFASamples, samples,
NSOpenGLPFAAccelerated,
NSOpenGLPFADoubleBuffer,
NSOpenGLPFAColorSize, 32,
NSOpenGLPFADepthSize, 24,
NSOpenGLPFAAlphaSize, 8,
NSOpenGLPFAOpenGLProfile, NSOpenGLProfileVersion3_2Core,
0
};
That's it. You should now have a 3.2+ context. On My MBA it gives me a 4.2 context. The below "Putting it all together" section will use the legacy context.
#Part 6, Putting it all together
// gcc Cocoa.m -o OSXWindow -framework Cocoa -framework Quartz -framework OpenGL
#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
#import <QuartzCore/CVDisplayLink.h>
#import <OpenGL/OpenGL.h>
#include <OpenGL/gl.h>
@class View;
static CVReturn GlobalDisplayLinkCallback(CVDisplayLinkRef, const CVTimeStamp*, const CVTimeStamp*, CVOptionFlags, CVOptionFlags*, void*);
@interface View : NSOpenGLView <NSWindowDelegate> {
@public
CVDisplayLinkRef displayLink;
bool running;
NSRect windowRect;
NSRecursiveLock* appLock;
}
@end
@implementation View
// Initialize
- (id) initWithFrame: (NSRect) frame {
running = true;
// No multisampling
int samples = 0;
// Keep multisampling attributes at the start of the attribute lists since code below assumes they are array elements 0 through 4.
NSOpenGLPixelFormatAttribute windowedAttrs[] =
{
NSOpenGLPFAMultisample,
NSOpenGLPFASampleBuffers, samples ? 1 : 0,
NSOpenGLPFASamples, samples,
NSOpenGLPFAAccelerated,
NSOpenGLPFADoubleBuffer,
NSOpenGLPFAColorSize, 32,
NSOpenGLPFADepthSize, 24,
NSOpenGLPFAAlphaSize, 8,
NSOpenGLPFAOpenGLProfile, NSOpenGLProfileVersionLegacy,
0
};
// Try to choose a supported pixel format
NSOpenGLPixelFormat* pf = [[NSOpenGLPixelFormat alloc] initWithAttributes:windowedAttrs];
if (!pf) {
bool valid = false;
while (!pf && samples > 0) {
samples /= 2;
windowedAttrs[2] = samples ? 1 : 0;
windowedAttrs[4] = samples;
pf = [[NSOpenGLPixelFormat alloc] initWithAttributes:windowedAttrs];
if (pf) {
valid = true;
break;
}
}
if (!valid) {
NSLog(@"OpenGL pixel format not supported.");
return nil;
}
}
self = [super initWithFrame:frame pixelFormat:[pf autorelease]];
appLock = [[NSRecursiveLock alloc] init];
return self;
}
- (void) prepareOpenGL {
[super prepareOpenGL];
[[self window] setLevel: NSNormalWindowLevel];
[[self window] makeKeyAndOrderFront: self];
// Make all the OpenGL calls to setup rendering and build the necessary rendering objects
[[self openGLContext] makeCurrentContext];
// Synchronize buffer swaps with vertical refresh rate
GLint swapInt = 1; // Vsynch on!
[[self openGLContext] setValues:&swapInt forParameter:NSOpenGLCPSwapInterval];
// Create a display link capable of being used with all active displays
CVDisplayLinkCreateWithActiveCGDisplays(&displayLink);
// Set the renderer output callback function
CVDisplayLinkSetOutputCallback(displayLink, &GlobalDisplayLinkCallback, self);
CGLContextObj cglContext = (CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj];
CGLPixelFormatObj cglPixelFormat = (CGLPixelFormatObj)[[self pixelFormat] CGLPixelFormatObj];
CVDisplayLinkSetCurrentCGDisplayFromOpenGLContext(displayLink, cglContext, cglPixelFormat);
GLint dim[2] = {windowRect.size.width, windowRect.size.height};
CGLSetParameter(cglContext, kCGLCPSurfaceBackingSize, dim);
CGLEnable(cglContext, kCGLCESurfaceBackingSize);
[appLock lock];
CGLLockContext((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
NSLog(@"Initialize");
NSLog(@"GL version: %s", glGetString(GL_VERSION));
NSLog(@"GLSL version: %s", glGetString(GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION));
// Temp
glClearColor(0.5f, 0.6f, 0.7f, 1.0f);
glViewport(0, 0, windowRect.size.width, windowRect.size.height);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
// End temp
CGLUnlockContext((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
[appLock unlock];
// Activate the display link
CVDisplayLinkStart(displayLink);
}
// Tell the window to accept input events
- (BOOL)acceptsFirstResponder {
return YES;
}
- (void)mouseMoved:(NSEvent*) event {
[appLock lock];
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Mouse pos: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
[appLock unlock];
}
- (void) mouseDragged: (NSEvent*) event {
[appLock lock];
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Mouse pos: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
[appLock unlock];
}
- (void)scrollWheel: (NSEvent*) event {
[appLock lock];
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Mouse wheel at: %lf, %lf. Delta: %lf", point.x, point.y, [event deltaY]);
[appLock unlock];
}
- (void) mouseDown: (NSEvent*) event {
[appLock lock];
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Left mouse down: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
[appLock unlock];
}
- (void) mouseUp: (NSEvent*) event {
[appLock lock];
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Left mouse up: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
[appLock unlock];
}
- (void) rightMouseDown: (NSEvent*) event {
[appLock lock];
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Right mouse down: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
[appLock unlock];
}
- (void) rightMouseUp: (NSEvent*) event {
[appLock lock];
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Right mouse up: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
[appLock unlock];
}
- (void)otherMouseDown: (NSEvent*) event {
[appLock lock];
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Middle mouse down: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
[appLock unlock];
}
- (void)otherMouseUp: (NSEvent*) event {
[appLock lock];
NSPoint point = [self convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
NSLog(@"Middle mouse up: %lf, %lf", point.x, point.y);
[appLock unlock];
}
- (void) mouseEntered: (NSEvent*)event {
[appLock lock];
NSLog(@"Mouse entered");
[appLock unlock];
}
- (void) mouseExited: (NSEvent*)event {
[appLock lock];
NSLog(@"Mouse left");
[appLock unlock];
}
- (void) keyDown: (NSEvent*) event {
[appLock lock];
if ([event isARepeat] == NO) {
NSLog(@"Key down: %d", [event keyCode]);
}
[appLock unlock];
}
- (void) keyUp: (NSEvent*) event {
[appLock lock];
NSLog(@"Key up: %d", [event keyCode]);
[appLock unlock];
}
// Update
- (CVReturn) getFrameForTime:(const CVTimeStamp*)outputTime {
[appLock lock];
[[self openGLContext] makeCurrentContext];
CGLLockContext((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
NSLog(@"Update");
// Temp
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// EndTemp
CGLFlushDrawable((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
CGLUnlockContext((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
if (false) { // Update loop returns false
[NSApp terminate:self];
}
[appLock unlock];
return kCVReturnSuccess;
}
// Resize
- (void)windowDidResize:(NSNotification*)notification {
NSSize size = [ [ _window contentView ] frame ].size;
[appLock lock];
[[self openGLContext] makeCurrentContext];
CGLLockContext((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
NSLog(@"Window resize: %lf, %lf", size.width, size.height);
// Temp
windowRect.size.width = size.width;
windowRect.size.height = size.height;
glViewport(0, 0, windowRect.size.width, windowRect.size.height);
// End temp
CGLUnlockContext((CGLContextObj)[[self openGLContext] CGLContextObj]);
[appLock unlock];
}
- (void)resumeDisplayRenderer {
[appLock lock];
CVDisplayLinkStop(displayLink);
[appLock unlock];
}
- (void)haltDisplayRenderer {
[appLock lock];
CVDisplayLinkStop(displayLink);
[appLock unlock];
}
// Terminate window when the red X is pressed
-(void)windowWillClose:(NSNotification *)notification {
if (running) {
running = false;
[appLock lock];
NSLog(@"Cleanup");
CVDisplayLinkStop(displayLink);
CVDisplayLinkRelease(displayLink);
[appLock unlock];
}
[NSApp terminate:self];
}
// Cleanup
- (void) dealloc {
[appLock release];
[super dealloc];
}
@end
static CVReturn GlobalDisplayLinkCallback(CVDisplayLinkRef displayLink, const CVTimeStamp* now, const CVTimeStamp* outputTime, CVOptionFlags flagsIn, CVOptionFlags* flagsOut, void* displayLinkContext) {
CVReturn result = [(View*)displayLinkContext getFrameForTime:outputTime];
return result;
}
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
// Autorelease Pool:
// Objects declared in this scope will be automatically
// released at the end of it, when the pool is "drained".
NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
// Create a shared app instance.
// This will initialize the global variable
// 'NSApp' with the application instance.
[NSApplication sharedApplication];
// Create a window:
// Style flags
NSUInteger windowStyle = NSTitledWindowMask | NSClosableWindowMask | NSResizableWindowMask | NSMiniaturizableWindowMask;
// Window bounds (x, y, width, height)
NSRect screenRect = [[NSScreen mainScreen] frame];
NSRect viewRect = NSMakeRect(0, 0, 800, 600);
NSRect windowRect = NSMakeRect(NSMidX(screenRect) - NSMidX(viewRect),
NSMidY(screenRect) - NSMidY(viewRect),
viewRect.size.width,
viewRect.size.height);
NSWindow * window = [[NSWindow alloc] initWithContentRect:windowRect
styleMask:windowStyle
backing:NSBackingStoreBuffered
defer:NO];
[window autorelease];
// Window controller
NSWindowController * windowController = [[NSWindowController alloc] initWithWindow:window];
[windowController autorelease];
// Since Snow Leopard, programs without application bundles and Info.plist files don't get a menubar
// and can't be brought to the front unless the presentation option is changed
[NSApp setActivationPolicy:NSApplicationActivationPolicyRegular];
// Next, we need to create the menu bar. You don't need to give the first item in the menubar a name
// (it will get the application's name automatically)
id menubar = [[NSMenu new] autorelease];
id appMenuItem = [[NSMenuItem new] autorelease];
[menubar addItem:appMenuItem];
[NSApp setMainMenu:menubar];
// Then we add the quit item to the menu. Fortunately the action is simple since terminate: is
// already implemented in NSApplication and the NSApplication is always in the responder chain.
id appMenu = [[NSMenu new] autorelease];
id appName = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] processName];
id quitTitle = [@"Quit " stringByAppendingString:appName];
id quitMenuItem = [[[NSMenuItem alloc] initWithTitle:quitTitle
action:@selector(terminate:) keyEquivalent:@"q"] autorelease];
[appMenu addItem:quitMenuItem];
[appMenuItem setSubmenu:appMenu];
// Create app delegate to handle system events
View* view = [[[View alloc] initWithFrame:windowRect] autorelease];
view->windowRect = windowRect;
[window setAcceptsMouseMovedEvents:YES];
[window setContentView:view];
[window setDelegate:view];
// Set app title
[window setTitle:appName];
// Add fullscreen button
[window setCollectionBehavior: NSWindowCollectionBehaviorFullScreenPrimary];
// Show window and run event loop
[window orderFrontRegardless];
[NSApp run];
[pool drain];
return (0);
}
#Sources
- https://github.com/gameplay3d/GamePlay/blob/master/gameplay%2Fsrc%2FPlatformMacOSX.mm
- http://www.mightwerk.com/blog/DC261D88-555B-494B-B563-DAC1271776FB/index.html
- https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/qa/qa1385/_index.html
- https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/EventOverview/HandlingKeyEvents/HandlingKeyEvents.html
- http://fredandrandall.com/blog/2011/09/08/how-to-make-your-app-open-in-full-screen-on-lion/
- https://casperbhansen.wordpress.com/2010/08/15/dev-tip-nibless-development/
- http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8233141/completely-close-an-os-x-application-with-window-close-button
- http://stackoverflow.com/questions/626898/how-do-i-create-delegates-in-objective-c
- http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Programming_Mac_OS_X_with_Cocoa_for_Beginners/Wikidraw's_view_class
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