Are you ready to put your coding skills to the test? In this exercise, you will be given a series of short code challenges that simulate the types of questions you may encounter during a Junior Developer job interviews or technical assessments. The challenges are designed to help you practice and reflect on the concepts of scope, hoisting, variable shadowing, and passing value versus passing reference. By examining the code and trying to predict the output, you will put your problem-solving skills to the test and gain a better understanding of how these concepts work in JavaScript.

• Fork this repo.
• Clone this repo.

• Upon completion, run the following commands:

git add .
git commit -m "Solved lab"
git push origin master

• Create a Pull Request and submit your assignment

We encourage you to try to solve the challenges without running the code first. Once you have written down your answer for a challenge, run the code and check if your answer was correct. If your answer was incorrect, try to understand why the code behaves the way it does.

You should record your answers in the answers.md file and provide a brief explanation for each answer. For example:

1. Challenge 1:
  - Answer: a
  - Explanation: The output of the code will be "123" because...

// Challenge 1
let foo = "abc";

function bar() {
  foo = "xyz";
  console.log(foo);
}

bar();


console.log(foo);

Given the code above, answer the following questions:

1. Which of the following will be the output of the above code? Why?
   a) "abc" and "xyz"
   b) "xyz" and "xyz"
   c) undefined and "xyz"
   d) ReferenceError: foo is not defined

Once you write down your answer, run the code above and check if it is correct.

// Challenge 2
let a = 1;

function example(a) {
  a = 10;
  console.log(a); // Console log 1
}

example(a);


console.log(a);  // Console log 2

Given the code above, without running the code, answer the following question:

1. Which of the following will be the output of the above code? Why?
   a) 10 and 10
   b) 1 and 10
   c) 10 and 1
   d) ReferenceError: a is not defined

Once you write down your answer, run the code above and check if it is correct.

// Challenge 3

sayHi();

function sayHi() {
  console.log("Hi there!");
}

Given the code above, without running the code, answer the following question:

1. What will be the output of the code above? Why?
   a) ReferenceError: sayHi is not defined
   b) undefined
   c) "Hi there!"
   d) TypeError: sayHi is not a function

Once you write down your answer, run the code above and check if your answer was correct.

const a = { num: 42 };
const b = a; 

b.num = 90;

console.log(a);

Given the code above, without running the code, answer the following question:

1. What will be the output of the code above? Why?
   a) TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.
   b) { num: 42 }
   c) { num: 90 }
   d) ReferenceError: a is not defined

Once you write down your answer, run the code above and check if your answer was correct.

function magicHat(obj) {
  obj.age = 10;
  obj = { name: "Ada", age: 20 };
  return obj;
}
  
const rabbit1 = { name: "Bob", age: 30 };
  
const rabbit2 = magicHat(rabbit1);
  
console.log("rabbit1: ", rabbit1);
console.log("rabbit2: ", rabbit2);

Given the code above, without running the code, answer the following question:

1. What will be the output of the code above? Why?
   a) { name: "Bob", age: 30 } and { name: "Ada", age: 20 }
   b) { name: "Bob", age: 30 } and { name: "Bob", age: 10 }
   c) { name: "Bob", age: 10 } and { name: "Ada", age: 20 }
   d) ReferenceError: obj is not defined

Once you write down your answer, run the code above and check if your answer was correct.