The files functions of php work not only with files, but with diferents formats (protocols / Wrappers) too, like http, zip, ogg, ftp, ssh, etc.

> php -a
> php > echo file_get_contents('http://swapi.dev/api/films/4/');

Its possible to use filters to manipulate streams. Useful to manipulate big files, while its send to the memory

Get all stream filter to use with stream_filter_append():

> php -a
> php > var_dump(stream_get_filters());
array(9) {
  [0]=>
  string(6) "zlib.*"
  [1]=>
  string(15) "convert.iconv.*"
  [2]=>
  string(12) "string.rot13"
  [3]=>
  string(14) "string.toupper"
  [4]=>
  string(14) "string.tolower"
  [5]=>
  string(17) "string.strip_tags"
  [6]=>
  string(9) "convert.*"
  [7]=>
  string(8) "consumed"
  [8]=>
  string(7) "dechunk"
}

Extend the class php_user_filter.

PHP Streams - Alexandre Gaigalas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRYMzS97HVQ

Lib to facilitate stream manipulation https://github.com/clue/php-stream-filter

Filters with file(), file_get_contents(), readfile(): php://filter https://www.php.net/manual/en/wrappers.php.php

Read STDIN from keyboard

fopen('php://stdin', 'r'); // Or const STDIN

Resources from php:// Wrapper doesn't need to close

Write on STDOUT

fopen('php://stdout', 'r'); // Or const STDOUT

Dont use buffer

Write on STDERR

fopen('php://stderr', 'r'); // Or const STDERR

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7027902/does-echo-equal-fputs-stdout

Context is used to add extra infos to streams. Each Stream Wrapper (like http://, zip://, etc) has it's own context configuration.

stream_context_create https://www.php.net/manual/en/context.php

Create zip with password

$ zip --encrypt arquivos_com_senha.zip cursos-php.txt lista-cursos.txt

Files: leitor-zip-senha.php, arquivos_com_senha.zip

file() read files and return an array

fputcsv() write lines in csv

dir() return an object of Direcory class, that can be used to get infos about same directory of the system https://www.php.net/manual/en/class.directory.php

SplFileObject() class https://www.php.net/manual/en/spl.files.php

https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.spl.php

Files: spl.php

Encondigs/charsets (ASCII, UTF-8, UTF-16) is an Unicode table implmentation

Excel = Enconding WINDOWS-1252

utf8_decode() move chars from UTF-8 to ISO-8859-1 (almost identical to WINDOWS-1252)

utf8_encode() move chars from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8

Multibyte = Beyound ASCII https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.mbstring.php

mb_strtoupper()