An R package that implements the methods to derive disease-specific hazard ratios (dsHR) from overall hazard ratios (oHR) described in the publication:
- Alarid-Escudero F, Kuntz KM “Potential bias associated with modeling the effectiveness of healthcare interventions in reducing mortality using an overall hazard ratio.” PharmacoEcon 2020; 38(3):285-296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-019-00859-5
You can install the development version from GitHub with:
# install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github("feralaes/dshr")This is a basic example which shows you how to derive a disease-specific hazard ratio (dsHR) from a disease-specific mortality rate, an overall hazard ratio (oHR) reported in a trial, the initial age of the cohort in the trial, and the length of the trial using an empirical approach with background mortality from US life tables.
library(dshr)
ohr <- 0.55 # Overall hazard ratio (oHR)
n_age_init <- 50 # Initial age of cohort in trial
trial_time <- 5 # Length of clinial trial in years
mu_Dis <- 0.05 # Disease-specific mortality rate
dshr_emp <- calc_dshr_from_ohr(ohr = ohr,
mu_Dis = mu_Dis,
n_age_init = n_age_init,
trial_time = trial_time,
hazard = "empirical")
dshr_emp
#> dshr
#> 0.5038836To estimate dsHR assuming an anlaytical functional form of background
mortality (either exponential, linear or geometric), estimate the mu0
and alpha parameters of the functional form, type them in
calc_dshr_from_ohr and substitute empirical with the functional form
of interest. For example, using an exponential functional form with
background mortality from US life tables, the estimated parameters are
coef_hazard_exp <- est_hazard_params(n_age_init = n_age_init,
trial_time = trial_time,
hazard = "exponential")
coef_hazard_exp
#> $mu0
#> (Intercept)
#> 0.0001105985
#>
#> $alpha
#> Age
#> 0.07362561and the dshr is
dshr_exp <- calc_dshr_from_ohr(ohr = ohr,
mu_Dis = mu_Dis,
n_age_init = n_age_init,
trial_time = trial_time,
mu0 = coef_hazard_exp$mu0,
alpha = coef_hazard_exp$alpha,
hazard = "exponential")
dshr_exp
#> dshr
#> 0.5022318
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