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linux-bpf-learning's Introduction

学习Linux BPF/eBPF 编程

打造学习BPF知识的中文社区。学习计划如下: bpf-learning-path

相关博文参考

实验环境准备

  • Linux操作系统(喜欢尝鲜新版内核的同学,推荐使用bumblebeevagrantfile)

    本人自己的实验环境是Ubuntu 18.04标准版vagrant虚拟机,内核版本为4.15.0。可以从这里下载该vagrant虚拟机环境,已安装bcc工具集合:

    下载链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/11dsEU6Yk6KGDGNor-fbsgQ 提取码: qvhc。 使用方式可以参考这篇文章

    以下命令如无特殊说明,均在Ubuntu环境下测试执行。

  • 预装clang、LLVM、iproute2、libelf-dev

    # for ubuntu
    apt install clang llvm libelf-dev iproute2
    # test clang
    clang -v
    # test llvm
    llc --version
    # test iproute2
    ip link
  • bpftool命令行安装说明

    下载Linux内核源码,进行本地编译。

    # 确认内核版本
    uname -r
    # 找到对应内核版本的源代码
    apt-cache search linux-source
    apt install linux-source-5.3.0
    apt install libelf-dev
    
    cd /usr/src/linux-source-5.3.0
    tar xjf linux-source-5.3.0.tar.bz2
    cd linux-source-5.3.0/tools
    make -C  bpf/bpftool/
    cd bpf/bpftool/
    ./bpftool prog/net

目录说明

常见问题Q&A

1. 'asm/type.h' file not found

  • 错误现象

    在执行下面命令进行代码编译时,可能会遇到某些头文件找不到的错误:

    clang -I ./headers/ -O2 -target bpf -c tc-xdp-drop-tcp.c -o tc-xdp-drop-tcp.o
    
    In file included from tc-xdp-drop-tcp.c:2:
    In file included from /usr/include/linux/bpf.h:11:
    /usr/include/linux/types.h:5:10: fatal error: 'asm/types.h' file not found
    #include <asm/types.h>
            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
    1 error generated.
  • 原因分析

    在源代码文件中引用了某些系统目录(一般为/usr/include/)下的头文件,而这些头文件没有出现在目标路径下,导致编译失败。

    如上述问题中的asm相关文件,asm全称Architecture Specific Macros,直译过来“与机器架构相关的宏文件”,顾名思义它是跟机器架构密切相关的,不同的架构x86、x64、arm实现是不一样的,而操作系统并没有提供/usr/include/asm/这样通用的目录,只提供了具体架构相关的目录,如/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/asm/,因此无法找到引用。

  • 解决方案

    添加软链/usr/include/asm/,指向操作系统自带的asm目录:

    cd /usr/include
    ln -s ./x86_64-linux-gnu/asm asm

2. 'bpf/bpf_helpers.h' file not found

  • 解决方案

    apt-get install libbpf-dev
    # run `apt-file update` if needed
    apt-file list libbpf-dev | grep bpf_helpers.h
    # you will get the result like: libbpf-dev: /usr/include/bpf/bpf_helpers.h

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