Solarized dark and light colorschemes as well as a short and long theme for vim-Powerline. Using Solarized 256 and 16 color values.

Using Pathogen, NeoBundle, or Vundle load vim-powerline then vim-solarized-powerline, e.g.

NeoBundle 'Lokaltog/vim-powerline'
NeoBundle 'stephenmckinney/vim-solarized-powerline'

This colorscheme is based on Solarized colors, setting the approximate values for the Solarized palette, using the XTERM limited 256 terminal color values. It combines Solarized with Powerline default colors. To set the short theme and dark colorscheme for example:

let g:Powerline_theme='short'
let g:Powerline_colorscheme='solarized256_dark'

This colorscheme is based on Solarized colors, setting the specific values for the Solarized palette, using the terminal's 16 ansi color values. It combines Solarized with Powerline default colors.

Using 16 ansi color values gives the best results for terminal Vim. See Solarized documentation on terminal integration. To set the short theme and dark colorscheme for example:

let g:Powerline_theme='short'
let g:Powerline_colorscheme='solarized16_dark'

There are other Solarized vim-powerline colorschemes (see @e-mux, @skwp, @patricklewis) this one is my opinionated version.