A pure Python implementation of geodesy tools for various ellipsoidal and spherical earth models using precision trigonometric, vector-based, exact, elliptic and approximate methods for geodetic (lat-/longitude) and geocentric (ECEF cartesian) coordinates.

Transcoded from JavaScript originals by Chris Veness (C) 2005-2019 and from several C++ classes by Charles F.F. Karney (C) 2008-2021 and published under the same MIT License.

There are four modules for ellipsoidal earth models, ellipsoidalExact, -Karney, -Vincenty and -Nvector and two for spherical ones, sphericalTrigonometry and -Nvector. Each module provides a geodetic LatLon and a geocentric Cartesian class with methods and functions to compute distance, surface area, perimeter, initial and final bearing, intermediate and nearest points, circle intersections, path intersections, 3-point resections, trilateration (by intersection, by overlap and in 3d), conversions and unrolling, among other things. For more information and further details see the documentation, the descriptions of Latitude/Longitude, Vincenty and Vector-based geodesy, the original JavaScript source or docs and Karney's Python geographiclib and C++ GeographicLib.

Also included are modules for conversions to and from Cassini-Soldner, ECEF (Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed cartesian), UPS (Universal Polar Stereographic), UTM (Exact and Universal Transverse Mercator) and Web Mercator (Pseudo-Mercator) coordinates, MGRS (NATO Military Grid Reference System) and OSGR (British Ordinance Survery Grid Reference) grid references, TRF (Terrestrial Reference Frames) and modules to encode and decode EPSG, Geohashes, Georefs (WGRS) and Garefs (GARS) .

Other modules provide Albers equal-area projections, equidistant and other azimuthal projections, Lambert conformal conic projections and positions, functions to clip a path or polygon of LatLon points using the Cohen-Sutherland, the Liang-Barsky and the Sutherland-Hodgman methods, functions to simplify or linearize a path of LatLon points (or a numpy array), including implementations of the Ramer-Douglas-Peucker, the Visvalingam-Whyatt and the Reumann-Witkam algorithms and modified versions of the former. Other classes interpolate the Height of LatLon points and Geoid models or compute various Frechet or Hausdorff distances.

To install PyGeodesy, type pip install PyGeodesy or easy_install PyGeodesy in a terminal or command window.

Alternatively, download PyGeodesy-yy.m.d.zip from PyPI or GitHub, unzip the downloaded file, cd to directory PyGeodesy-yy.m.d and type python[3] setup.py install.

To run all PyGeodesy tests, type python[3] setup.py test or type python[3] test/run.py or type python[3] test/unitTestSuite.py before or after installation.

Installation of Karney's Python package geographiclib is optional, but required to use modules ellipsoidalKarney and css, azimuthal classes EquidistantKarney and GnomonicKarney and the HeightIDWkarney interpolator.

Both numpy and scipy must be installed for most Geoid and Height interpolators, except GeoidKarney and the HeigthIDW... ones.

Functions and LatLon methods circin6, circum3, circum4_, soddy4, trilaterate3d2 and trilaterate5 require numpy.

Modules ellipsoidalGeodSolve and geodsolve and azimuthal classes EquidistantGeodSolve and GnomonicGeodSolve depend on Karney's C++ utility GeodSolve to be executable.

In addition to the pygeodesy package, the PyGeodesy distribution files contain the tests, the test results (on macOS only) and the complete documentation generated by Epydoc using command line: epydoc --html --no-private --no-source --name=PyGeodesy --url=... -v pygeodesy.

The tests have been run with Python 3.10.2 (with geographiclib 1.52), Python 3.9.6 (with numpy 1.21.2), Python 3.8.10 (with geographiclib 1.52, GeodSolve 1.51, numpy 1.19.2 and scipy 1.5.2) and Python 2.7.18 (with GeodSolve 1.51), all on macOS 12.2.1 Monterey and in 64-bit only. The tests are run with and without lazy import for Python 3 and with command line option -W always and environment variable PYGEODESY_WARNINGS=on for all Python versions. The results of only those tests are included in the distribution files.

Python 3.10.2 and 3.9.6 run on Apple Silicon (arm64 natively), all other Python versions run on Intel (x86_64) or Intel emulation ("arm64_x86_64", see function pygeodesy.machine).

Test coverage has been measured with coverage 4.5.4 using Python 3.10.2 (with geographiclib 1.52), Python 3.9.6 (with numpy 1.21.2), Python 3.8.10 (with geographiclib 1.52, GeodSolve 1.51, numpy 1.19.2 and scipy 1.5.2) and Python 2.7.18 (with GeodSolve 1.51). The complete coverage report in HTML and a PDF summary are included in the distribution files.

The tests also ran with Python 3.10 or 3.9.9 (and geographiclib 1.52) on Debian 11 in 64-bit only and with Python 3.9.6, 3.8.0 and 2.7.17 (all with geographiclib 1.52) on Windows Server 2012R2 in 64-and/or 32-bit.

A single-File and single-Directory application with pygeodesy has been bundled using PyInstaller 3.4 and 64-bit Python 3.7.4 and 3.7.3 on macOS 10.13.6 High Sierra.

Previously, the tests were run with Python 3.9.1, 3.8.7, 3.7.1, 2.7.15, PyPy 7.3.1 (Python 3.6.9) and PyPy 7.1.1 (Python 2.7.13) (and geographiclib 1.52 and numpy 1.16.3, 1.16.4, 1.16.6, 1.19.0, 1.19.4 or 1.19.5) on Ubuntu 16.04, with Python 3.10.0-1, 3.9.0-5, 3.8.0-6, 3.7.2-6, 3.7.0, 3.6.2-5, 3.5.3, 2.7.13-17, 2.7.10 and 2.6.9 (and numpy 1.19.0, 1.16.5, 1.16.2, 1.15.2, 1.14.0, 1.13.1, 1.8.0rc1 or 1.6.2 and scipy 1.5.0), PyPy 7.3.0 (Python 2.7.13 and 3.6.9), PyPy 6.0.0 (Python 2.7.13 and 3.5.3) and Intel-Python 3.5.3 (and numpy 1.11.3) on macOS 11.0-5.2-6.1 Big Sur (aka 10.16), 10.15.3, 10.15.5-7 Catalina, macOS 10.14 Mojave, macOS 10.13.6 High Sierra, macOS 10.12 Sierra, MacOS X 10.11 El Capitan and/or MacOS X 10.10 Yosemite, with Pythonista 3.2 (with geographiclib 1.50 or 1.49 and numpy 1.8.0) on iOS 14.4.2, 11.4.1, 12.0-3 on iPad4, iPhone6 and/or iPhone10, with Pythonista 3.1 on iOS 10.3.3, 11.0.3, 11.1.2 and 11.3 on iPad4, all in 64-bit only and with 32-bit Python 2.7.14 on Windows 10 Pro and 32-bit Python 2.6.6 on Windows XP SP3.

All Python source code has been statically checked with PyChecker, PyFlakes, PyCodeStyle (formerly Pep8) and McCabe using Python 2.7.18 and with Flake8 using Python 3.10.2, both in 64-bit on macOS 12.2.1 Monterey.

For a summary of all Karney-based functionality in pygeodesy, see module karney.

Some function and method names differ from the JavaScript version. In such cases documentation tag JS name: shows the original JavaScript name.

Last updated: Mar 08, 2022.

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