Safe Defer for C++
Dealing with complex C libraries using handles and pointers in C++ has two simple alternatives:
- Use RAII and write (hopefully automate) huge amount of boilerplate to encapsulate concepts into classes.
- Use complex C-style low-level memory management that usually ends having ugly
gototo circumvent resource lacks on errors.
GoLang introduces an interesting concept to address those problematics: defer.
This project provides an easy definition of defer in C++11 style using lambda capture and static object declaration to insure correct resource handling even when dealing with exceptions.
A line of code is worth a milion descriptions
If you want just the function summary for this simple class look at the end!
With this in mind let's see this library in action.
ResMgr rmgr; // Declare staticly the resource manager
EXT_HANDLE h = CreateExternalResource(); // External C library resource
if(h == nullptr) {
cerr << "Cannot create external resource\n";
return -1; // Exit from the current function
}
rmgr.Defer([&h] {
DestroyExternalResource(h);
h = nullptr;
}); // Delegate resource destruction to rmgr
A* a = new A(); // Dynamic object allocation
rmgr.Defer([&a] {
delete a;
a = nullptr;
}); // Delegate destroy of allocated object
// At the end of rmgr scope all the defered operations are executed in the inverse orderNow when you are checking for errors and returning you shouldn't worry about some resources being aready allocated,
just return!
ResMgr destructor will handle all the work for you, even when an exception is trown!
What if I need to create a class and allocate resources that can fail during construction?
Here is a solution for you:
class A {
private:
ResMgr rmgr;
EXT_HANDLE h = nullptr;
public:
A(bool do_throw) {
ResMgr _rmgr; // Temporary resource manager to handle construction exceptions
this->h = CreateExternalResource();
if(this->h == nullptr) {
cerr << "Cannot create external resource\n";
throw A_Exception("External resource acquisition failed"); // Abort constructor
}
_rmgr.Defer([this] {
DestroyExternalResource(this->h);
this->h = nullptr;
}); // Delegate resource destruction to rmgr
if(do_throw) {
throw A_Exception("Throw requested"); // Abort constructor
}
this->rmgr = std::move(_rmgr); // Handle resorces to internal manager leaving _rmgr empty
// So at the end of the constructor _rmgr destruction has no side effects
}
};Now if an exceptions occours in the constructor and that expetion is catched no memory leaks occour!
What if I need to revert some changes but keep the main manager alive?
ResMgr glob_mgr;
/* Stuff with glob_mgr */
ResMgr* sub_mgr = new ResMgr(); // Dynamicly allocated because it can be deleted before glob_mgr!
glob_mgr.Defer([&sub_mgr] {
if(sub_mgr != nullptr) {
sub_mgr->Clear(); // Empty the manager
delete sub_mgr;
sub_mgr = nullptr;
}
});
/* Do stuff with sub_mgr */
sub_mgr->Clear(); // Revert sub changes
/* Here sub_mgr exists so you can use it to try again the change, but remember that the order of destruction cannot be changed anymore! */No problem, C++ users want controll, so an extra function for this is being providen:
class A {
private:
EXT_HANDLE h = nullptr;
public:
A(bool do_throw) {
ResMgr _rmgr; // Temporary resource manager to handle construction exceptions
this->h = CreateExternalResource();
if(this->h == nullptr) {
cerr << "Cannot create external resource\n";
throw A_Exception("External resource acquisition failed"); // Abort constructor
}
_rmgr.Defer([this] {
DestroyExternalResource(this->h);
this->h = nullptr;
}); // Delegate resource destruction to rmgr
if(do_throw) {
throw A_Exception("Throw requested"); // Abort constructor
}
_rmgr.Release(); // Release manager control, now all the resources are again fully under your control
// So at the end of the constructor _rmgr destruction has no side effects
}
virtual ~A() {
/* Do your destruction logic without fearing double frees! */
DestroyExternalResource(this->h);
}
};rmgr.Defer(std::function<void (void)>);
Adds a functional (function pointer with context informations for captures) to be defered at destruction.rmgr.Clear();
executes all deferred actions added leavingrmgrempty.rmgr.Release();
release all the deferred actions without executing them (DANGEROUS but might be useful in the right hands).
The object is not copiable but can be std::moved!
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