mac-env

my local env setup for Mac. including shell cli short cut. brew package ..

SHORTCUTS

Key/Command	Description
Ctrl + A	Go to the beginning of the line you are currently typing on. This also works for most text input fields system wide. Netbeans being one exception
Ctrl + E	Go to the end of the line you are currently typing on. This also works for most text input fields system wide. Netbeans being one exception
Ctrl + L	Clears the Screen
Cmd + K	Clears the Screen
Ctrl + U	Cut everything backwards to beginning of line
Ctrl + K	Cut everything forward to end of line
Ctrl + W	Cut one word backwards using white space as delimiter
Ctrl + Y	Paste whatever was cut by the last cut command
Ctrl + H	Same as backspace
Ctrl + C	Kill whatever you are running. Also clears everything on current line
Ctrl + D	Exit the current shell when no process is running, or send EOF to a the running process
Ctrl + Z	Puts whatever you are running into a suspended background process. fg restores it
Ctrl + _	Undo the last command. (Underscore. So it's actually Ctrl + Shift + minus)
Ctrl + T	Swap the last two characters before the cursor
Ctrl + F	Move cursor one character forward
Ctrl + B	Move cursor one character backward
Option + →	Move cursor one word forward
Option + ←	Move cursor one word backward
Esc + T	Swap the last two words before the cursor
Esc + Backspace	Cut one word backwards using none alphabetic characters as delimiters
Tab	Auto-complete files and folder names

CORE COMMANDS

Key/Command	Description
cd [folder]	Change directory e.g. `cd Documents`
cd	Home directory
cd ~	Home directory
cd /	Root of drive
cd -	Previous directory
ls	Short listing
ls -l	Long listing
ls -a	Listing incl. hidden files
ls -lh	Long listing with Human readable file sizes
ls -R	Entire content of folder recursively
sudo [command]	Run command with the security privileges of the superuser (Super User DO)
open [file]	Opens a file ( as if you double clicked it )
top	Displays active processes. Press q to quit
top -ocpu -s 5	Displays active processes by cpu 5s time intervel . Press q to quit
lsof -i	grep ESTABLISHED

CHAINING COMMANDS

Key/Command	Description
[command-a]; [command-b]	Run command A and then B, regardless of success of A
[command-a] && [command-b]	Run command B if A succeeded
[command-a] \|\| [command-b]	Run command B if A failed
[command-a] &	Run command A in background

PIPING COMMANDS

Key/Command	Description
[command-a] \| [command-b]	Run command A and then pass the result to command B e.g ps auxwww \| grep google

COMMAND HISTORY

Key/Command	Description
history n	Shows the stuff typed – add a number to limit the last n items
Ctrl + r	Interactively search through previously typed commands
![value]	Execute the last command typed that starts with ‘value’
![value]:p	Print to the console the last command typed that starts with ‘value’
!!	Execute the last command typed
!!:p	Print to the console the last command typed

Folder path history

dirs -v
pushd
popd
cd ~2

FILE MANAGEMENT

Key/Command	Description
touch [file]	Create a new file
pwd	Full path to working directory
.	Current folder, e.g. `ls .`
..	Parent/enclosing directory, e.g. `ls ..`
ls -l ..	Long listing of parent directory
cd ../../	Move 2 levels up
cat	Concatenate to screen
rm [file]	Remove a file, e.g. `rm data.tmp`
rm -i [file]	Remove with confirmation
rm -r [dir]	Remove a directory and contents
rm -f [file]	Force removal without confirmation
cp [file] [newfile]	Copy file to file
cp [file] [dir]	Copy file to directory
mv [file] [new filename]	Move/Rename, e.g. `mv file1.ad /tmp`
pbcopy < [file]	Copies file contents to clipboard
pbpaste	Paste clipboard contents
pbpaste > [file]	Paste clipboard contents into file, `pbpaste > paste-test.txt`

DIRECTORY MANAGEMENT

Key/Command	Description
mkdir [dir]	Create new directory
mkdir -p [dir]/[dir]	Create nested directories
rmdir [dir]	Remove directory ( only operates on empty directories )
rm -R [dir]	Remove directory and contents
less [file]	Output file content delivered in screensize chunks
[command] > [file]	Push output to file, keep in mind it will get overwritten
[command] >> [file]	Append output to existing file
[command] < [file]	Tell command to read content from a file

SEARCH

Key/Command	Description
find [dir] -name [search_pattern]	Search for files, e.g. `find /Users -name "file.txt"`
grep [search_pattern] [file]	Search for all lines that contain the pattern, e.g. `grep "Tom" file.txt`
grep -r [search_pattern] [dir]	Recursively search in all files in specified directory for all lines that contain the pattern
grep -v [search_pattern] [file]	Search for all lines that do NOT contain the pattern
grep -i [search_pattern] [file]	Search for all lines that contain the case-insensitive pattern
mdfind [search_pattern]	Spotlight search for files (names, content, other metadata), e.g. `mdfind skateboard`
mdfind -onlyin [dir] -name [pattern]	Spotlight search for files named like pattern in the given directory

Find usage

find ~ -maxdepth 2 -iname "*r*.md" // find name ignore case folder depth 2
find /var/log -mmin -30 -exec ls -ldh {} \;  // find log in 30min with ls -l
find /var/log -mmin -30 -exec ls -ldh {} +  // find log in 30min with ls -l group

Disk MANAGEMENT

df -h

du -h

du -sh

du -h -d 1

File MANAGEMENT

touch filename

touch files/docs/markdown/chapter{1..3}.md //

stat file // file details

echo "content"  > filename

echo "append content" >> filename

cat > filename // enter or cmd + d save

cat file1 file2 // combine files

cat file1 file2 > newfile

cat filename | pbcpy // copy to clicpboard

pbpaste > file // copy from clipboard

more

less

head -n 3

tail -n 10  // 

tail -f

GNU tools

cat brew-list.md | xargs brew install

Excerpt From: Brian P. Hogan. “Small, Sharp Software Tools.” Apple Books.

brew install coreutils

brew install diffutils

brew install findutils

brew install awk

brew install gnu-sed

brew install grep

brew install nano git less

brew install jq


grep "key" file // show line contain key

grep "key" -v file // show line not contain key

history | grep 'ls' | grep -v 'grep'

grep '^key' file

grep 'key$' file

grep -E 'key1|key2' file

echo 'hello world' | cut -c 2-4  // ell

echo 'hello world' | cut -c -5  // hello

echo 'hello world' | cut -c 7- // world

cut -d ',' -f 3 csv.txt // a,b,c  => c 

sort file 

sort -r file // reverse

echo "Hello World" | sed -e 's/Hello/Hi/'  // replace hello to Hi

sed -e 's/Hello/Hi/g' 

sed -e 's/http:/https:/' file

sed -e '/./s/^/#/' file. // add # in front 

sed -e '/./s/^#//'” // remove # in front

sed -e '/\*.*\*/s/\*/_/g' file  // replace * piars with _ 

sed -e '1 {s/^/#/}' file // line 1 . 

sed -e '1,3 {s/^/#/}' file  // line 1 - 3

sed -e '1i\something' file // add to line 1

sed -e '$a\something' file // append to file  i insert a append c change d delete

sed -e '/TAGS/{r source.txt' -e 'd}' target.txt



 

history | awk '{c[$2]++}END{for(i in c){print c[i] " " i}}' | sort -rn | head | tee -a cmd.txt  //to file and console

HELP

Key/Command	Description
[command] -h	Offers help
[command] --help	Offers help
info [command]	Offers help
man [command]	Show the help manual for [command]
whatis [command]	Gives a one-line description of [command]
apropos [search-pattern]	Searches for command with keywords in description

handy cli

bc //calculator

htop //top improve

lsof -i // net tcp

GIT

Glossary

Keywords	Description
git	Open-source distributed version-control system, used to store code in repositories
GitHub, GitLab and Bitbucket	Platform for hosting and collaborating on Git repositories
staging	Proposed files/directories that you'd like to commit
commit	Saving all staged files/directories to your local repository
branch	An independent line of development, so you can develop features isolated from each other. Master branch is the default.
clone	Local version of a repository, including all commits and branches
remote	Common repository on eg. Github that all team members to keep that changes in sync with
fork	Copy of a repository owned by a different user
pull request	A method of submitting contributions to a repository
HEAD	Represents your current working directory

Configuration

Key/Command	Description
`git config --global user.name [name]`	Set author name to be used for all commits
`git config --global user.email [email]`	Set author email to be used for all commits
`git config color.ui true`	Enables helpful colorization of command line output

Core Commands

Key/Command	Description
`git init [directory]`	Creates new local repository
`git clone [repo]`	Creates local copy of remote repository
`git add [directory]`	Stages specific [directory]
`git add [file]`	Stages specific [file]
`git add -A`	Stages all changed files
`git add .`	Stages new and changed files, NOT deleted files
`git add -u`	Stages changed and deleted files, NOT new files
`git commit -m "[message]"`	Commit everything that is staged
`git status`	Shows status of changes as untracked, modified or staged

Synchronization of Changes

Key/Command	Description
`git fetch`	Downloads all history from the remote branches
`git merge`	Merges remote branch into current local branch
`git pull`	Downloads all history from the remote branch and merges into the current local branch
`git push`	Pushes all the commits from the current local branch to its remote equivalent

Tip: git pull is the combination of git fetch and git merge

Undo Changes

Key/Command	Description
`git checkout -- [file]`	Replace file with contents from HEAD
`git revert [commit]`	Create new commit that undoes changes made in [commit], then apply it to the current branch
`git reset [file]`	Remove [file] from staging area
`git reset --hard HEAD`	Removes all local changes in working directory
`git reset --hard [commit]`	Reset your HEAD pointer to previous commit and discard all changes since then

Branches

Key/Command	Description
`git branch [branch]`	Create a new branch
`git checkout [branch]`	Switch to that branch
`git checkout [branch] -b`	Create and checkout new branch
`git merge [branch]`	Merge [branch] into current branch
`git branch -d [branch]`	Deletes the [branch]
`git push origin [branch]`	Push [branch] to remote
`git branch`	Lists local branches
`git branch -r`	Lists remote branches
`git branch -a`	Lists local and remote branches

History

Key/Command	Description
`git log`	Lists version history for the current branch
`git log --author=[name]`	Lists version history for the current branch from certain author
`git log --oneline`	Lists compressed version history for the current branch
`git show [commit]`	Outputs metadata and content changes of the specified commit
`git blame [file]`	Shows who changed what and when in file

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