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React and Vue share many similarities. They both:

• utilize a virtual DOM
• provide reactive and composable view components
• maintain focus in the core library, with concerns such as routing and global state management handled by companion libraries.

Differences btw React and VueJS
Jsx vs Templates
React uses jsx templates eg

render () {
  let { items } = this.props
  let children
  if (items.length > 0) {
    children = (
      <ul>
        {items.map(item =>
          <li key={item.id}>{item.name}</li>
        )}
      </ul>
    )
  } else {
    children = <p>No items found.</p>
  }
  return (
    <div className='list-container'>
      {children}
    </div>
  )
}

Jsx has a number of advantages:

• You can use the power of a full programming language (JavaScript) to build your view.
• The tooling support (e.g. linting, type checking, editor autocompletion) for JSX is in some ways more advanced than what’s currently available for Vue templates.

VueJS uses html style templates.

<template>
  <div class="list-container">
    <ul v-if="items.length">
      <li v-for="item in items">
        {{ item.name }}
      </li>
    </ul>
    <p v-else>No items found.</p>
  </div>
</template>

The above html style templates gives a number of advantages:

• Fewer implementation and stylistic decisions have to be made while writing a template
• A template will always be declarative
• Any valid HTML is valid in a template
• It reads more like English (e.g. for each item in items)
• Advanced versions of JavaScript are not required to increase readability
  Which is easier to reason about and be used with html preprocessors eg jade(pug).
• View supports render functions and Jsx if needed.
• You can use html preprocessors(eg jade) to author vue templates.

Learning Curve
VueJS is more intuitive and has an easier learning curve unlike React which is more abstract with a steep learning curve.

Popularity
React is very popular and is backed by tech giant facebook while on the other hand, vueJS has rising popularity.

Check out this link for more indepth comparison.