tl;dr
docker run --rm -it -v $HOME/Downloads:/data cjlyth/atom
or
docker run -it --name atom_build cjlyth/atom
docker run --rm -it \
--volumes-from atom_build \
-v $(pwd):/extract \
dockerfile/ubuntu find /data -type f -name "*.deb" -exec cp {} /extract \;
or
docker run --rm -it -v $(pwd):/data cjlyth/atom
find . -type f -name "*.deb" -exec sudo dpkg -i {} \;